Word list 4.

al·be·it
̇ ˈbē-ət, al-\
Pronunciation: \ol-
Function: conjunction
Etymology: Middle English, literally, all though it be
Date:14th century
conceding the fact that : even though : although

am·big·u·ous
Pronunciation: \am-ˈbi-gyə-wəs\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Latin ambiguus, from ambigere to be undecided, from ambi- + agere to drive —
more at agent
Date: 1528
1 a: doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness <eyes of an
ambiguous color> b: inexplicable2: capable of being understood in two or more possible
senses or ways <an ambiguous smile> <an ambiguous term> <a deliberately ambiguous
reply>
synonyms see obscure
— am·big·u·ous·ly adverb
— am·big·u·ous·ness noun

anal·o·gous
Pronunciation: \ə-ˈna-lə-gəs\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Latin analogus, from Greek analogos, literally, proportionate, from ana- + logos
reason, ratio, from legein to gather, speak — more at legend
Date: 1646
1 : showing an analogy or a likeness that permits one to draw an analogy 2 : being or
related to as an analogue
synonyms see similar
— anal·o·gous·ly adverb
— anal·o·gous·ness noun

com·ple·ment
Pronunciation: \ˈkäm-plə-mənt\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin complementum, from complēre to fill up, complete,
from com- + plēre to fill — more at full
Date: 14th century
1 a: something that fills up, completes, or makes perfect b: the quantity, number, or
assortment required to make a thing complete <the usual complement of eyes and ears —
Francis Parkman> ; especially : the whole force or personnel of a ship c: one of two
mutually completing parts : counterpart

con·verse
Pronunciation: \kən-ˈvərs, ˈkän-ˌ\
Function: adjective
Date: 1794
1 : reversed in order, relation, or action 2 : being a logical or mathematical converse <the
converse theorem>
— con·verse·ly adverb

eth·i·cal
Pronunciation: \ˈe-thi-kəl\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English etik, from Latin ethicus, from Greek ēthikos, from ēthos character —
more at sib
Date: 1588
1: of or relating to ethics <ethical theories>2: involving or expressing moral approval or
disapproval <ethical judgments>3: conforming to accepted standards of conduct <ethical
behavior>

norm
Pronunciation: \ˈnȯrm\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin norma, literally, carpenter's square
Date: 1674
1: an authoritative standard : model2: a principle of right action binding upon the
members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable
behavior3: average : as a: a set standard of development or achievement usually derived
from the average or median achievement of a large group b: a pattern or trait taken to be
typical in the behavior of a social group c: a widespread or usual practice, procedure, or
custom <standing ovations became the norm>

pas·sive
Pronunciation: \ˈpa-siv\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin passivus, from passus, past participle
Date: 14th century
1 a (1): acted upon by an external agency (2): receptive to outside impressions or influences
b (1): asserting that the grammatical subject of a verb is subjected to or affected by the
action represented by that verb <the passive voice> (2): containing or yielding a passive
verb form c (1): lacking in energy or will : lethargic (2): tending not to take an active or
dominant part d: induced by an outside agency <passive exercise of a paralyzed leg>
vi·o·la·tion
Pronunciation: \ˌvī-ə-ˈlā-shən\
Function: noun
Date: 15th century
: the act of violating : the state of being violated: as a: infringement , transgression ;
specifically : an infringement of the rules in sports that is less serious than a foul and
usually involves technicalities of play b: an act of irreverence or desecration : profanation c:
disturbance , interruption d: rape 2 , ravishment

Word list 4.2

al·ter
Pronunciation: \ˈȯl-tər\
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): al·tered; al·ter·ing \-t(ə-)riŋ\
Etymology: Middle English, from Medieval Latin alterare, from Latin alter other (of two); akin
to Latin alius other — more at else
Date: 14th century
transitive verb 1 : to make different without changing into something else 2 : castrate , spay
intransitive verb : to become different
synonyms see change
— al·ter·abil·i·ty \ˌȯl-t(ə-)rə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun
— al·ter·able \ˈȯl-t(ə-)rə-bəl\ adjective
— al·ter·ably \-blē\ adverb
— al·ter·er \-tər-ər\ noun

com·prise
Pronunciation: \kəm-ˈprīz\
Function: transitive verb
Inflected Form(s): com·prised; com·pris·ing
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French compris, past participle of comprendre, from
Latin comprehendere
Date: 15th century
1 : to include especially within a particular scope <civilization as Lenin used the term
would then certainly have comprised the changes that are now associated in our minds with
“developed” rather than “developing” states — Times Literary Supplement> 2 : to be made
up of <a vast installation, comprising fifty buildings — Jane Jacobs>

con·ceive
Pronunciation: \kən-ˈsēv\
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): con·ceived; con·ceiv·ing
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French conceivre, from Latin concipere to take in,
conceive, from com- + capere to take — more at heave
Date: 14th century
transitive verb1 a: to become pregnant with (young) <conceive a child> b: to cause to begin :
originate <a project conceived by the company's founder>2 a: to take into one's mind
<conceive a prejudice> b: to form a conception of : imagine <a badly conceived design>3: to
apprehend by reason or imagination : understand <unable to conceive his reasons>4: to
have as an opinion <I cannot conceive that he acted alone>intransitive verb1: to become
pregnant2: to have a conception —usually used with of<conceives of death as emptiness>
synonyms see think
— con·ceiv·er noun

in·fer
Pronunciation: \in-ˈfər\
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): in·ferred; in·fer·ring
Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French inferer, from Latin inferre, literally, to carry
or bring into, from in- + ferre to carry — more at bear
Date: 1528
transitive verb1: to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises <we see smoke and infer
fire — L. A. White> — compare imply2: guess , surmise <your letter…allows me to infer
that you are as well as ever — O. W. Holmes †1935>3 a: to involve as a normal outcome of
thought b: to point out : indicate <this doth infer the zeal I had to see him — Shakespeare>
<another survey…infers that two-thirds of all present computer installations are not paying
for themselves — H. R. Chellman>4: suggest , hint <are you inferring I'm
incompetent?>intransitive verb: to draw inferences <men…have observed, inferred, and
reasoned…to all kinds of results — John Dewey>
— in·fer·able also in·fer·ri·ble \in-ˈfər-ə-bəl\ adjective
— in·fer·rer \-ˈfər-ər\ noun

levy
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): lev·ied; levy·ing
Date: 14th century
transitive verb1 a: to impose or collect by legal authority <levy a tax> b: to require by
authority2: to enlist or conscript for military service3: to carry on (war) : wageintransitive
verb: to seize property

min·i·mal
Pronunciation: \ˈmi-nə-məl\
Function: adjective
Date: 1666
1: relating to or being a minimum: as a: the least possible <a victory won with minimal loss
of life> b: barely adequate <a minimal standard of living> c: very small or slight <a
minimal interest in art> 2often capitalized : of, relating to, or being minimal art or
minimalism
— min·i·mal·ly \-mə-lē\ adverb
mu·tu·al
Pronunciation: \ˈmyü-chə-wəl, -chəl, -chü-əl; ˈmyüch-wəl\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle French mutuel, from Latin mutuus lent, borrowed, mutual, from mutare to
change — more at mutable
Date: 15th century
1 a: directed by each toward the other or the others <mutual affection> b: having the same
feelings one for the other <they had long been mutual enemies> c: shared in common
<enjoying their mutual hobby> d: joint2: characterized by intimacy3: of or relating to a
plan whereby the members of an organization share in the profits and expenses ;
specifically : of, relating to, or taking the form of an insurance method in which the
policyholders constitute the members of the insuring company
— mu·tu·al·ly adverb

where·by
Pronunciation: \-ˈbī\
Function: conjunction
Date: 13th century
: by, through, or in accordance with which

Word list 4.3

ag·gre·gate
Pronunciation: \ˈa-gri-gət\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle English aggregat, from Latin aggregatus, past participle of aggregare to
add to, from ad- + greg-, grex flock
Date: 15th century
: formed by the collection of units or particles into a body, mass, or amount : collective : as
a (1): clustered in a dense mass or head <an aggregate flower> (2): formed from several
separate ovaries of a single flower <aggregate fruit> b: composed of mineral crystals of one
or more kinds or of mineral rock fragments c: taking all units as a whole <aggregate sales>
— ag·gre·gate·ly adverb
— ag·gre·gate·ness noun

as·sem·ble
Pronunciation: \ə-ˈsem-bəl\
Function: verb
Inflected Form(s): as·sem·bled; as·sem·bling \-b(ə-)liŋ\
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French assembler, from Vulgar Latin *assimulare,
from Latin ad- + simul together — more at same
Date: 13th century
transitive verb 1 : to bring together (as in a particular place or for a particular purpose) 2 :
to fit together the parts of intransitive verb : to meet together : convene
synonyms see gather

for·mat
Pronunciation: \ˈfȯr-ˌmat\
Function: noun
Etymology: French or German; French, from German, from Latin formatus, past participle of
formare to form, from forma
Date: 1840
1 : the shape, size, and general makeup (as of something printed) 2 : general plan of
organization, arrangement, or choice of material (as for a television show) 3 : a method of
organizing data (as for storage) <various file formats>

in·te·gral
Pronunciation: \ˈin-ti-grəl (usually so in mathematics); in-ˈte-grəl also -ˈtē- also ÷ˈin-trə-gəl\
Function: adjective
Date: 1551
1 a: essential to completeness : constituent <an integral part of the curriculum> b (1): being,
containing, or relating to one or more mathematical integers (2): relating to or concerned
with mathematical integrals or integration c: formed as a unit with another part <a seat
with integral headrest>2: composed of integral parts3: lacking nothing essential : entire
— in·te·gral·i·ty \ˌin-tə-ˈgra-lə-tē\ noun
— in·te·gral·ly \ˈin-ti-grə-lē; in-ˈte-grə- also -ˈtē-\ adverb

in·teg·ri·ty
Pronunciation: \in-ˈte-grə-tē\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English integrite, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French integrité,
from Latin integritat-, integritas, from integr-, integer entire
Date: 14th century
1 : firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values : incorruptibility 2 : an
unimpaired condition : soundness 3 : the quality or state of being complete or undivided :
completeness
synonyms see honesty

pan·el
Pronunciation: \ˈpa-nəl\
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, piece of cloth, jury list on a piece of parchment, from Anglo-
French, from Vulgar Latin *pannellus, diminutive of Latin pannus
Date: 14th century
1 a (1): a schedule containing names of persons summoned as jurors (2): the group of
persons so summoned (3): jury 1 b (1): a group of persons selected for some service (as
investigation or arbitration) <a panel of experts> (2): a group of persons who discuss before
an audience a topic of public interest ; also : panel discussion (3): a group of entertainers or
guests engaged as players in a quiz or guessing game on a radio or television program

par·a·digm
Pronunciation: \ˈper-ə-ˌdīm, ˈpa-rə- also -ˌdim\
Function: noun
Etymology: Late Latin paradigma, from Greek paradeigma, from paradeiknynai to show side
by side, from para- + deiknynai to show — more at diction
Date: 15th century
1: example , pattern ; especially : an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype2:
an example of a conjugation or declension showing a word in all its inflectional forms3: a
philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which
theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are
formulated ; broadly : a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind
— par·a·dig·mat·ic \ˌper-ə-dig-ˈma-tik, ˌpa-rə-\ adjective
— par·a·dig·mat·i·cal·ly \-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

sce·nar·io
Pronunciation: \sə-ˈner-ē-ˌō, US also and especially British -ˈnär-\
Function: noun
Inflected Form(s): plural sce·nar·i·os
Etymology: Italian, from Latin scaenarium place for erecting stages, from scaena stage
Date: 1875
1 a: an outline or synopsis of a play ; especially : a plot outline used by actors of the
commedia dell'arte b: the libretto of an opera2 a: screenplay b: shooting script3: a sequence
of events especially when imagined ; especially : an account or synopsis of a possible course
of action or events <his scenario for a settlement envisages…reunification — Selig
Harrison>