NRF Retail Impact Report PDF

www.pwc.
com/us/nes
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY
August 2011
Prepared for
National Retail Federation
The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. II. III. IV. V. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRY DEFINITION NATIONAL RESULTS STATE RESULTS CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT RESULTS
E-1 1 3 6 11 26
APPENDICES A. B. DETAILED STATE-BY-STATE OPERATIONAL IMPACT RESULTS DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY A-1 B-1
This document has been prepared pursuant to an engagement between PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and its Client. As to all other parties, it is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The National Retail Federation engaged PwC to quantify the impact of the retail industry on the U.S. economy. In evaluating the retail industry's economic impacts, this report considers three separate channels -- the direct, indirect, and induced impacts -- that in aggregate provide a measure of the total economic impact of the retail industry:

Direct impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and gross domestic product ("GDP") within the retail industry. Indirect impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and GDP occurring in other industries due to the retail industry's purchases of inputs other than merchandise intended for resale. Induced impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, and GDP resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the retail industry's economic activities.
This report finds that there are over 3.6 million retail establishments (including food services and drinking places) across the country, accounting for 11.9 percent of all business establishments in the country. These retail businesses directly provided 28.1 million full-time and part-time jobs in 2009. The industry's direct labor income impact was estimated to be $770 billion or 8.7 percent of the national labor income in 2009. The industry directly added $1.2 trillion to GDP, accounting for 8.5 percent of U.S. GDP in 2009 (see Table E-1). Table E-1. The Retail Industry's Direct National Impact, 2009 Item Direct National Impact 3,617,486 28,113,476 $770.1 billion $1.20 trillion Percent of U.S. Economy 11.9% 16.3% 8.7% 8.5%
Establishments(1) Employment (Jobs)(2) Labor Income(3) GDP
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. (1) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment. (2) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (3) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
E-1
As a point of reference, the retail industry (including food services and drinking places) was the largest private-sector employer in the country in 2009, providing more direct jobs than every other industry at the 2-digit NAICS code level (see Table E-2a). In terms of the direct GDP impact, the retail industry is ranked as the third largest among all 2-digit NAICS industries (see Table E-2b). Table E-2a. Direct Employment by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009
Industry Description Em ploy m ent (Jobs) 28,113,47 6 1 8,7 82,1 00 1 2,393,7 00 1 1 ,828,800 9,939,300 9,882,500 9,505,000 9,432,000 7 ,534,1 00 6,1 61 ,900 5,499,300 3,923,400 3,822,000 3,468,300 3,359,300 1 ,962,600 1 ,358,500 600,200
Retail trade (including food serv ices and drinking places) Health care and social assistance Manufacturing Professional, scientific, and technical serv ices A dministrativ e and waste serv ices Other serv ices, ex cept public administration Construction Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and leasing Wholesale trade Transportation and warehousing Educational serv ices A rts, entertainment, and recreation A griculture, forestry , fishing, and related activ ities Information Management of companies and enterprises Mining Utilities Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database).
Table E-2b. Direct GDP by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009

I ndu stry Description GDP ($Billion) $1 ,868.7 $1 ,584.8 $1,204.2 $1 ,1 7 1 .6 $1 ,068.5 $1 ,057 .9 $7 80.8 $639.4 $537 .5 $389.5 $386.3 $335.4 $268.1 $246.5 $240.8 $1 54.9 $1 33.1 $1 27 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing Manufacturing Retail trade (inclu ding food serv ices and drinking places) Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical serv ices Health care and social assistance Wholesale trade Information Construction Transportation and warehousing A dministrativ e and waste serv ices Other serv ices, ex cept public administration Utilities Management of companies and enterprises Mining Educational serv ices A griculture, forestry , fishing, and hunting A rts, entertainment, and recreation Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database).
E-2
Total National Impact Counting the direct, indirect, and induced impacts, the retail industry's total employment impact on the national economy in 2009 amounted to 41.6 million full-time and part-time jobs, accounting for 24.1 percent of total national employment (see Table E-3). The industry's total labor income impact was estimated to be $1.49 trillion or 16.9 percent of national labor income in 2009. The industry's total GDP impact was $2.48 trillion, accounting for 17.6 percent of U.S. GDP in 2009. Table E-3. Total Impact of the Retail Industry on the U.S. Economy, 2009 Item Total National Impact 41,620,604 $1.49 trillion $2.48 trillion Percent of U.S. Economy 24.1% 16.9% 17.6%
Employment (Jobs)(1) Labor Income(2) GDP
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. (1) Employment is defined as the number of direct, indirect, and induced payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
E-3
Retail Establishments by State The economic impact of the retail industry reaches all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total number of retail establishments ranged from 8,300 (Wyoming) to over 400,000 (California). The top 15 states, in terms of the total number of retail establishments in 2009 were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia, Tennessee, Indiana, and Washington. Combined these states account for nearly 65 percent of the total retail establishments in the country (see Table E-4a). Table E-4a. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by the Number of Retail Establishments
Direct (1) Employ ment Rank St at e Jobs Direct Labor (2) Income Direct GDP Ret ail (3) Est ablishment s Unit s Percent of U.S. Ret ail Percent Percent Percent of U.S. ($ Million) of U.S. ($ Million) of U.S. Ret ail Ret ail Ret ail
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
California Tex as Florida New Y ork Pennsy lv ania Illinois Ohio Georgia Michigan North Carolina New Jersey Virginia Tennessee Indiana Washington
3,116,714 2,282,733 1,719,913 1,569,889 1,162,144 1,129,952 1,089,389 858,564 866,422 854,919 759,760 744,870 605,776 606,758 602,477
11.1% 8.1% 6.1% 5.6% 4.1% 4.0% 3.9% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.7% 2.6% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1%
$100,558 $60,291 $49,607 $49,090 $29,715 $30,997 $26,475 $22,622 $21,108 $21,847 $24,710 $19,527 $16,354 $14,118 $18,162
13.1% 7.8% 6.4% 6.4% 3.9% 4.0% 3.4% 2.9% 2.7% 2.8% 3.2% 2.5% 2.1% 1.8% 2.4%
$157,574 $93,072 $76,431 $78,293 $47,341 $48,060 $41,669 $35,079 $32,563 $33,585 $39,940 $30,279 $25,348 $21,898 $29,621
13.1% 7.7% 6.3% 6.5% 3.9% 4.0% 3.5% 2.9% 2.7% 2.8% 3.3% 2.5% 2.1% 1.8% 2.5%
401,143 287,295 250,201 248,736 153,237 136,767 130,943 115,061 110,056 107,635 103,269 84,180 75,455 72,550 71,939
11.1% 7.9% 6.9% 6.9% 4.2% 3.8% 3.6% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 2.9% 2.3% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. (1) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income. (3) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment.
E-4
Retail Employment by State The number of jobs directly attributable to the retail industry's operations ranged from a low of 61,000 (Wyoming) to over 3.1 million (California). The top 15 states, in terms of the number of retail jobs in 2009 were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia, Massachusetts, Indiana, and Tennessee. Combined these states account for nearly 65 percent of the total national retail employment (see Table E-4b). Table E-4b. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by Retail Employment
Direct (1) Employ ment Rank St at e Jobs Direct Labor (2) Income Direct GDP Ret ail (3) Est ablishment s Unit s Percent of U.S. Ret ail Percent Percent Percent of U.S. ($ Million) of U.S. ($ Million) of U.S. Ret ail Ret ail Ret ail
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
California Tex as Florida New Y ork Pennsy lv ania Illinois Ohio Michigan Georgia North Carolina New Jersey Virginia Massachusetts Indiana Tennessee
3,116,714 2,282,733 1,719,913 1,569,889 1,162,144 1,129,952 1,089,389 866,422 858,564 854,919 759,760 744,870 631,197 606,758 605,776
11.1% 8.1% 6.1% 5.6% 4.1% 4.0% 3.9% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.7% 2.6% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2%
$100,558 $60,291 $49,607 $49,090 $29,715 $30,997 $26,475 $21,108 $22,622 $21,847 $24,710 $19,527 $18,642 $14,118 $16,354
13.1% 7.8% 6.4% 6.4% 3.9% 4.0% 3.4% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 3.2% 2.5% 2.4% 1.8% 2.1%
$157,574 $93,072 $76,431 $78,293 $47,341 $48,060 $41,669 $32,563 $35,079 $33,585 $39,940 $30,279 $29,323 $21,898 $25,348
13.1% 7.7% 6.3% 6.5% 3.9% 4.0% 3.5% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 3.3% 2.5% 2.4% 1.8% 2.1%
401,143 287,295 250,201 248,736 153,237 136,767 130,943 110,056 115,061 107,635 103,269 84,180 71,787 72,550 75,455
11.1% 7.9% 6.9% 6.9% 4.2% 3.8% 3.6% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 2.9% 2.3% 2.0% 2.0% 2.1%
E-5
Per Capita Retail GDP by State The top 15 states in terms of per capita GDP directly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were New Hampshire ($5,667), District of Columbia ($5,278), Connecticut ($5,048), Nevada ($4,987), Hawaii ($4,968), Vermont ($4,749), Alaska ($4,672), Maine ($4,658), New Jersey ($4,587), Massachusetts ($4,447), Washington ($4,445), Wyoming ($4,334), North Dakota ($4,292), Delaware ($4,284), and California ($4,263) (see Table E-4c). Table E-4c. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by Per Capita Retail GDP
Direct GDP Rank St at e Per Capit a ($ )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
New Hampshire District of Columbia Connecticut Nev ada Hawaii V ermont Alaska Maine New Jersey Massachusetts Washington Wy oming North Dakota Delaware California
$5,667 $5,278 $5,048 $4,987 $4,968 $4,749 $4,672 $4,658 $4,587 $4,447 $4,445 $4,334 $4,292 $4,284 $4,263
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places.
E-6
Per Capita Retail Labor Income by State The top 15 states in terms of per capita labor income directly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were District of Columbia ($3,634), New Hampshire ($3,504), Nevada ($3,330), Hawaii ($3,286), Connecticut ($3,069), Alaska ($2,984), Vermont ($2,945), Maine ($2,879), New Jersey ($2,838), Massachusetts ($2,827), Wyoming ($2,797), North Dakota ($2,775), Delaware ($2,773), Washington ($2,725), and California ($2,721) (see Table E-4d). Table E-4d. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by Per Capita Retail Labor Income
Rank St at e Direct Labor (1) Income Per Capit a ($ )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
District of Columbia New Hampshire Nev ada Hawaii Connecticut Alaska V ermont Maine New Jersey Massachusetts Wy oming North Dakota Delaware Washington California
$3,634 $3,504 $3,330 $3,286 $3,069 $2,984 $2,945 $2,879 $2,838 $2,827 $2,797 $2,775 $2,773 $2,725 $2,721
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. (1) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
E-7
Total Employment Impact by State Counting the direct, indirect and induced impacts, the total number of full-time and part-time jobs attributable to the retail industry's operations ranged from 81,000 (Wyoming) to 4.8 million (California) in 2009. The top 15 states, in terms of the total number of jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Washington. Combined these states account for nearly 65 percent of the total jobs attributable to the retail industry's operations (see Table E-5a). Table E-5a. The Retail Industry's Total Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by Total Employment Impact
Employ ment Rank St at e Jobs
(1)
Labor Income ($ Million)
(2)
GDP ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al
Percent of St at e Tot al
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
California Tex as Florida New Y ork Pennsy lv ania Illinois Ohio Georgia Michigan North Carolina New Jersey Virginia Massachusetts Tennessee Washington
4,783,627 3,374,411 2,607,843 2,333,626 1,697,147 1,693,548 1,564,384 1,261,347 1,254,843 1,239,009 1,110,430 1,046,203 920,621 884,161 881,938
24.1% 24.3% 26.8% 21.5% 24.0% 23.4% 24.4% 24.1% 25.1% 23.9% 22.6% 22.1% 22.7% 25.1% 23.0%
$200,468 $117,426 $90,589 $101,568 $58,372 $63,756 $49,294 $42,871 $40,198 $39,558 $46,907 $36,520 $37,776 $29,470 $33,402
17.3% 16.5% 20.7% 14.6% 16.4% 16.1% 16.7% 16.9% 16.9% 16.7% 15.7% 13.6% 15.2% 18.6% 16.0%
$333,741 $201,280 $151,762 $168,353 $96,749 $105,357 $81,895 $72,572 $67,052 $65,736 $79,060 $60,379 $61,496 $48,733 $56,782
17.8% 16.4% 21.3% 15.5% 17.4% 16.6% 17.6% 17.6% 17.5% 17.5% 16.5% 14.8% 16.1% 19.3% 17.3%
E-8
Total Employment Share by State The top 15 states in terms of the percentage of jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were New Hampshire (27.3 percent), Nevada (27.1 percent), Florida (26.8 percent), Arizona (25.9 percent), Maine (25.6 percent), South Carolina (25.6 percent), Michigan (25.1 percent), Tennessee (25.1 percent), Wisconsin (24.9 percent), Oregon (24.8 percent), Indiana (24.6 percent), Missouri (24.5 percent), Ohio (24.4 percent), Montana (24.4 percent), and Texas (24.3 percent) (see Table E-5b). Table E-5b. The Retail Industry's Total Impact on the States in 2009 Top 15 States, Ranked by Employment Share
Employ ment Rank St at e Jobs
(1)
(2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
New Hampshire Nev ada Florida Arizona Maine South Carolina Michigan Tennessee Wisconsin Oregon Indiana Missouri Ohio Montana Tex as
222,787 402,705 2,607,843 825,526 206,768 618,934 1,254,843 884,161 848,002 540,270 856,530 859,441 1,564,384 153,199 3,374,411
27.3% 27.1% 26.8% 25.9% 25.6% 25.6% 25.1% 25.1% 24.9% 24.8% 24.6% 24.5% 24.4% 24.4% 24.3%
$7,928 $14,616 $90,589 $29,340 $6,309 $18,348 $40,198 $29,470 $25,535 $17,611 $25,548 $27,614 $49,294 $4,067 $117,426
20.1% 20.3% 20.7% 19.3% 19.1% 18.3% 16.9% 18.6% 16.8% 18.0% 16.5% 17.3% 16.7% 17.7% 16.5%
$13,283 $24,063 $151,762 $49,638 $10,466 $30,442 $67,052 $48,733 $42,531 $29,124 $42,519 $45,589 $81,895 $6,881 $201,280
21.4% 20.2% 21.3% 19.7% 20.7% 19.1% 17.5% 19.3% 17.7% 19.0% 17.0% 18.2% 17.6% 18.2% 16.4%
E-9
Retail Employment by Congressional District At the congressional district level, the number of jobs directly attributable to the retail industry was no less than 17,000 in any district in 2009. The retail industry directly provided 50,000 or more jobs in 373 congressional districts. The top 15 congressional districts in terms of direct retail jobs in 2009 are listed in Table E-6, below. The 14th District of New York (which includes most of the East Side of Manhattan, all of Roosevelt Island and the neighborhoods of Astoria, Long Island City, and Sunnyside in Queens) had the highest retail employment (165,366). The 8th district of New York (covering most of Manhattan's Upper West Side, most parts of Hell's Kitchen, East Village, Chelsea, SoHo, Greenwich Village, TriBeCa, Downtown Manhattan, and part of Brooklyn) had the second highest retail employment (154,644). Texas had three congressional districts among the top 15 ranked by retail employment: the 7th, 21st, and 24th. Nevada's 3rd, Montana's at-large congressional district, South Carolina's 1st, California's 8th and 30th, Minnesota's 3rd, Arizona's 5th, Georgia's 5th, South Dakota's at-large congressional district, and Colorado's 1st are also in the top 15 congressional districts ranked by retail employment in 2009. Table E-6. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on Congressional Districts in 2009 Top 15 Congressional Districts, Ranked by Retail Employment
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Congressional District NY -1 4 NY -8 NV -3 MT-1 (At-Large) TX-7 TX-24 SC-1 CA-30 MN-3 AZ-5 CA-8 TX-21 GA-5 SD-1 (At-Large) CO-1 Em ploy m ent (Jobs)(1) 165,366 154,644 118,370 112,584 109,587 105,810 103,620 102,844 102,034 101,963 101,832 100,299 97,155 95,876 95,380 Labor Incom e ($Million)(2) $6,665 $6,085 $3,742 $2,623 $3,059 $3,036 $2,637 $3,254 $2,742 $3,096 $4,008 $2,637 $2,787 $2,101 $2,725 GDP ($Million) $10,740 $9,908 $5,604 $4,036 $4,738 $4,875 $4,021 $5,159 $4,517 $5,003 $6,401 $4,085 $4,345 $3,290 $4,167 Retail Establishm ents (3) 15,921 16,111 11,102 16,007 11,246 10,977 11,140 13,293 8,438 9,601 9,774 10,738 9,697 12,990 10,139
E-10
Total Employment Impact by Congressional District The top 15 congressional districts in terms of total jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were New York's 14th (267,285) and 8th (240,548), Texas's 7th (170,435), 21st (145,630) and 24th (160,923), Illinois's 7th (169,021), Nevada's 3rd (165,455), California's 8th (161,369) and 30th (154,796), Georgia's 5th (153,734), Montana's at-large congressional district (153,199), Arizona's 5th (152,837), Minnesota's 3rd (146,616), South Carolina's 1st (144,602), and Colorado's 1st (144,220) (see Table E-7). Table E-7. The Retail Industry's Total Impact on Congressional Districts in 2009 Top 15 Congressional Districts, Ranked by Employment
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Congressional District NY -1 4 NY -8 TX-7 IL-7 NV -3 CA-8 TX-24 CA-30 GA-5 MT-1 (At-Large) AZ-5 MN-3 TX-21 SC-1 CO-1 Em ploy m ent (Jobs)(1) 267,285 240,548 170,435 169,021 165,455 161,369 160,923 154,796 153,734 153,199 152,837 146,616 145,630 144,602 144,220 Labor Incom e ($Million)(2) $17,856 $15,119 $7,276 $8,016 $6,028 $8,824 $6,358 $6,899 $6,217 $4,067 $5,678 $5,473 $4,950 $4,145 $5,649 GDP ($Million) $28,882 $24,373 $12,721 $12,762 $9,790 $14,209 $11,099 $11,323 $11,028 $6,881 $9,720 $9,513 $8,180 $6,780 $9,633
E-11
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY I. Introduction
The National Retail Federation engaged PwC to quantify the impact of the retail industry on the U.S. economy. The retail industry comprises establishments engaged in retailing merchandise and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The retailing process is the final step in the distribution of merchandise. The industry comprises two main types of retailers: store and nonstore retailers. 1. Store retailers, as defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), operate fixed point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to attract customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption, but some also serve business and institutional clients. In addition to retailing merchandise, some types of store retailers are also engaged in the provision of after-sales services, such as repair and installation. 2. Nonstore retailers, like store retailers, are organized to serve the general public, but their retailing methods differ. As defined by NAICS, the establishments of this subsector reach customers and market merchandise with methods such as the broadcasting of "infomercials," the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of paper and electronic catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, selling from portable stalls (street vendors, except food), and distribution through vending machines. In evaluating the retail industry's economic impacts, this report considers all three impacts -- direct, indirect, and induced -- that in aggregate provide a measure of the total economic impact of the retail industry. Four main metrics are used to quantify the direct economic impact of the retail industry: 1. Number of establishments: An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment. 2. Employment: Jobs are positions filled by part-time and full-time employees or by self-employed individuals. 3. Labor income: This includes wages and salaries, commissions, vacation and sick-leave pay, fringe benefits, and all other forms of compensation, including employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds and government social insurance. It also includes proprietors income for selfemployed individuals and partnerships. 4. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Also known as margin or value added, the retail industry's GDP refers to the difference between receipts or revenues and the cost of goods sold.
1
The economic impact of the retail industry extends beyond the industry itself. In its role as the distributor of merchandise to the final consumer, the retail industry requires other inputs from various industries (such as Real Estate, Business Services, Finance, Accommodation, Communication Services, Transportation, and Wholesale Trade) for its operations. These industries, in turn, purchase goods and services from their supply chain, spurring further economic activities. These supply chain effects represent the retail industry's indirect economic impact. Additionally, the employees and business owners in the retail industry and its supply chain, in their role as consumers, purchase an array of goods and services, generating further demands that ripple through the economy. These represent the retail industry's induced economic impact. This study separately quantifies the industry's operational impact (due to its purchases of intermediate inputs other than merchandise intended for resale) and capital investment impact (due to its investment in new structures and equipment) at the national level. It further breaks out the industry's operational impact at the state and congressional district level.1 The rest of this report is organized as follows. Section II defines the retail industry for this study. Section III presents the retail industry's national economic impact. Section IV presents the industry's economic impact at the state level. Section V highlights the industry's economic impact at the congressional district level. A summary table for each state with its full congressional district level results is included in Appendix A. The data sources and methodology used in the impact analysis are discussed in Appendix B.
The industry's capital investment impact is not quantified at the state level due to data limitations.
1
II.
Industry Definition
In the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the retail industry is defined by two 2-digit NAICS codes: 44 and 45. In the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) system, the predecessor to the current NAICS system, the retail industry also included food services and drinking places, now classified as a service sector under NAICS 722. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include NAICS codes 44, 45 and 722, as shown in Table 1, below. Detailed NAICS descriptions follow the table. IMPLAN SECTOR Table 1. Composition of the Retail Industry in the Study NAICS Description
Retail Trade 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 451 452 453 454 Motor vehicle and parts dealers Furniture and home furnishings stores Electronics and appliances stores Building material and garden equipment and suppliers dealers Food and beverage stores Health and personal care stores Gasoline stations Clothing and clothing accessories stores Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores General merchandise stores Miscellaneous store retailers Nonstore retailers
Service Sector Formerly Classified as Retail Trade under the SIC Definition 413 722 Food services and drinking places
NAICS 441. Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers. Industries in the Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers subsector retail motor vehicles and parts from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector typically operate from a showroom and/or an open lot where the vehicles are on display. The display of vehicles and the related parts require little by way of display equipment. The personnel generally include both the sales and sales support staff familiar with the requirements for registering and financing a vehicle as well as a staff of parts experts and mechanics trained to provide repair and maintenance services for the vehicles. NAICS 442. Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores. Industries in the Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores subsector retail new furniture and home furnishings from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector usually operate from showrooms and have substantial areas for the presentation of their products. Many offer interior decorating services in addition to the sale of products.
3
NAICS 443. Electronics and Appliance Stores. Industries in the Electronics and Appliance Stores subsector retail new electronics and appliances from point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector often operate from locations that have special provisions for floor displays requiring special electrical capacity to accommodate the proper demonstration of the products. The staff includes sales personnel knowledgeable in the characteristics and warranties of the line of goods retailed and may also include trained repair persons to handle the maintenance and repair of the electronic equipment and appliances. The classifications within this subsector are made principally on the type of product and knowledge required to operate each type of store. NAICS 444. Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers. Industries in the Building Material and Garden Equipment and Supplies Dealers subsector retail new building material and garden equipment and supplies from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have display equipment designed to handle lumber and related products and garden equipment and supplies that may be kept either indoors or outdoors under covered areas. The staff is usually knowledgeable in the use of the specific products being retailed in the construction, repair, and maintenance of the home and associated grounds. NAICS 445. Food and Beverage Stores. Industries in the Food and Beverage Stores subsector usually retail food and beverages merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have special equipment (e.g., freezers, refrigerated display cases, refrigerators) for displaying food and beverage goods. They have staff trained in the processing of food products to guarantee the proper storage and sanitary conditions required by regulatory authority. NAICS 446. Health and Personal Care Stores. Industries in the Health and Personal Care Stores subsector retail health and personal care merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector are characterized principally by the products they retail, and some health and personal care stores may have specialized staff trained in dealing with the products. Staff may include pharmacists, opticians, and other professionals engaged in retailing, advising customers, and/or fitting the product sold to the customer's needs. NAICS 447. Gasoline Stations. Industries in the Gasoline Stations subsector retail automotive fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, gasohol) and automotive oils or retail these products in combination with convenience store items. These establishments have specialized equipment for the storage and dispensing of automotive fuels. NAICS 448. Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores. Industries in the Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores subsector retail new clothing and clothing accessories merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector have similar display equipment and staff that is knowledgeable regarding fashion trends and the proper match of styles, colors, and combinations of clothing and accessories to the characteristics and tastes of the customer. NAICS 451. Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores. Industries in the Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores subsector are engaged in retailing and providing expertise on use of sporting equipment or other specific leisure activities, such as needlework and musical instruments. Book stores are also included in this subsector.
NAICS 452. General Merchandise Stores. Industries in the General Merchandise Stores subsector retail new general merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector are unique in that they have the equipment and staff capable of retailing a large variety of goods from a single location. This includes a variety of display equipment and staff trained to provide information on many lines of products. NAICS 453. Miscellaneous Store Retailers. Industries in the Miscellaneous Store Retailers subsector retail merchandise from fixed point-of-sale locations not included in the above subsectors. Establishments in this subsector include stores with unique characteristics like florists, used merchandise stores, and pet and pet supply stores as well as other store retailers. NAICS 454. Nonstore Retailers. Industries in the Nonstore Retailers subsector retail merchandise using methods such as the broadcasting of infomercials, the broadcasting and publishing of direct-response advertising, the publishing of paper and electronic catalogs, door-to-door solicitation, in-home demonstration, selling from portable stalls and distribution through vending machines. Establishments in this subsector include mail-order houses, vending machine operators, home delivery sales, door-to-door sales, party plan sales, electronic shopping, and sales through portable stalls (e.g., street vendors, except food). Establishments engaged in the direct sale (i.e., nonstore) of products, such as home heating oil dealers and newspaper delivery service providers are included in this subsector. NAICS 722. Food Services and Drinking Places. Industries in the Food Services and Drinking Places subsector prepare meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. There is a wide range of establishments in these industries. Some provide food and drink only; while others provide various combinations of seating space, waiter/waitress services and incidental amenities, such as limited entertainment. The industries in the subsector are grouped based on the type and level of services provided. The industry groups are full-service restaurants; limited-service eating places; special food services, such as food service contractors, caterers, and mobile food services; and drinking places. Food and beverage services at hotels and motels; amusement parks, theaters, casinos, country clubs, and similar recreational facilities; and civic and social organizations are included in this subsector only if these services are provided by a separate establishment primarily engaged in providing food and beverage services.
III. National Results

Direct Economic Impact The direct economic impact is measured as the jobs, labor income, GDP and number of establishments within the retail industry. Table 2 shows the direct economic impact of the retail industry relative to the national economy in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), GDP, and the number of establishments. In 2009, there were more than 3.6 million retail establishments (including food services and drinking places) across the country, counting both those with paid employees and nonemployers (which primarily consist of self-employed individuals operating small unincorporated businesses). These businesses accounted for 11.9 percent all business establishments in the country in 2009. The retail industry directly provided 28.1 million jobs for American workers (accounting for 16.3 percent of the national total). The industry also directly paid out $770 billion in wages and salaries and fringe benefits and proprietors' income (8.7 percent of the national total), and generated $1.2 trillion in GDP (8.5 percent of the national total). Table 2. The Retail Industry's Direct National Impact, 2009 Item Direct National Impact 3,617,486 28,113,476 $770.1 billion $1.20 trillion Percent of U.S. Economy 11.9% 16.3% 8.7% 8.5%
Establishments(1) Employment (Jobs)(2) Labor Income(3) GDP
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. (1) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment. (2) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (3) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
As a point of reference, the retail industry (including food services and drinking places) was the largest private-sector employer in the country in 2009, providing more direct jobs than every other industry at the 2-digit NAICS code level (see Table 3a). In terms of the direct GDP impact, the retail industry is ranked as the third largest among all 2digit NAICS industries (see Table 3b). Table 3a. Direct Employment by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009
I ndu stry Description Retail trade (inclu ding food serv ices and drinking places) Health care and social assistance Manufacturing Professional, scientific, and technical serv ices A dministrativ e and waste serv ices Other serv ices, ex cept public administration Construction Finance and insurance Real estate and rental and leasing Wholesale trade Transportation and warehousing Educational serv ices A rts, entertainment, and recreation A griculture, forestry , fishing, and related activ ities Information Management of companies and enterprises Mining Utilities Em ploy m ent (Jobs) 28,113,47 6 1 8,7 82,1 00 1 2,393,7 00 1 1 ,828,800 9,939,300 9,882,5 00 9,5 05 ,000 9,432,000 7 ,5 34,1 00 6,1 61 ,900 5 ,499,300 3,923,400 3,822,000 3,468,300 3,35 9,300 1 ,962,600 1 ,35 8,5 00 600,200
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database).
Table 3b. Direct GDP by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009

I ndu stry Description Real estate and rental and leasing Manufacturing Retail trade (inclu ding food serv ices and drinking places) Finance and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical serv ices Health care and social assistance Wholesale trade Information Construction Transportation and warehousing A dministrativ e and waste serv ices Other serv ices, ex cept public administration Utilities Management of companies and enterprises Mining Educational serv ices A griculture, forestry , fishing, and hunting A rts, entertainment, and recreation GDP ($Billion) $1 ,868.7 $1 ,5 84.8 $1,204.2 $1 ,1 7 1 .6 $1 ,068.5 $1 ,05 7 .9 $7 80.8 $639.4 $5 37 .5 $389.5 $386.3 $335 .4 $268.1 $246.5 $240.8 $1 5 4.9 $1 33.1 $1 27 .3
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database).
Table 4 shows the direct impact of the retail industry by NAICS subsectors for the country as a whole in terms of the number of establishments, employment, labor income, and GDP.
7
Table 4. Direct Impact of the Retail Industry on the U.S. Economy by Sub-Sector, 2009
NAICS 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 451 452 453 454 7 22 Sub-sect or Descript ion Motor v ehicle and parts dealers Furniture and hom e furnishings stores Electronics and appliances stores Building m aterial and garden equipm ent and suppliers dealers Food and bev erage stores Health and personal care stores Gasoline stations Clothing and clothing accessories stores Sporting goods, hobby , book and m usic stores General m erchandise stores Miscellaneous store retailers Nonstore retailers Food serv ices and drinking places Tot al Ret ail Indust ry Employ ment (Jobs)
(1)
Labor Income ($ Millions)
(2)
GDP ($ Millions)
Number of Ret ail (3) Est ablishment s
1,841,545 519,262 526,664 1,222,563 2,952,521 1,165,033 853,428 1,561,153 777,133 2,988,235 1,576,367 1,700,913 10,428,660 28,113,476
93,933 19,056 24,895 46,652 88,873 44,541 28,776 36,117 17,038 82,077 31,966 31,472 $224,704 $770,099
$113,424 $34,251 $30,865 $73,468 $144,148 $69,760 $47,020 $71,554 $27,857 $133,534 $48,030 $92,059 $318,242 $1,204,211
284,473 96,800 77,526 109,060 251,281 217,670 114,908 261,309 141,994 79,693 373,056 797,871 811,845 3,617,486
Source: IMPLAN 2009 database, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income. (3) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment.
Total Economic Impact The total economic impact we have measured includes the direct impact (the jobs, labor income, and GDP within the retail industry), the indirect impact (the jobs, labor income, and GDP occurring in other industries due to the retail industry's purchases of inputs other than merchandise intended for resale), and the induced impact (the jobs, labor income, and GDP resulting from household spending of income earned either directly or indirectly from the retail industry's economic activities). PwC estimates that at the national level, the retail industry's operations directly and indirectly generated 41.0 million full-time and part-time jobs, provided $1.45 trillion in labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits, as well as proprietors' income), and added $2.42 trillion to the national GDP in 2009. Further, the industry's capital investment of $69.8 billion in 2009 supported an additional 0.6 million jobs, with an associated $36.1 billion in labor income and $60.4 billion in GDP. Combining both operational and capital investment impacts, the retail industry's total employment impact to the national economy amounted to 41.6 million full-time and part-time jobs in 2009, accounting for 24.1 percent of the total employment in the country (see Table 5). The industry's total impact on labor income through its operational spending and capital investment was estimated to be $1.49 trillion, or 16.9 percent of national labor income. The industry's total GDP impact was $2.48 trillion, accounting for 17.6 percent of U.S. GDP in 2009. Table 5. Total Impact of the Retail Industry on the U.S. Economy, 2009 Item Total National Impact Percent of U.S. Economy
Operational Impact Employment (Jobs)(1) Labor GDP Capital Investment Impact Employment (Jobs)(1) Labor GDP Total Impact Employment (Jobs)(1) Labor Income(2) GDP 41,620,604 $1.49 trillion $2.48 trillion 24.1% 16.9% 17.6% Income(2) 575,835 $36.1 billion $60.4 billion 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% Income(2) 41,044,768 $1.45 trillion $2.42 trillion 23.8% 16.4% 17.1%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of direct, indirect, and induced payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
Table 6 shows the retail industry's indirect and induced impacts by sector at the national level. PwC estimates that in addition to the 28.1 million direct jobs in the retail industry, the industry's operations and capital investment supported 12.9 million indirect and induced jobs across many sectors of the U.S. economy in 2009. The service sector accounts for the largest number of indirect and induced jobs attributable to the retail industry's operations and capital spending (7.0 million) in 2009, followed by Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Rental and Leasing (2.2 million), and Manufacturing (1.2 million). The industry's estimated national indirect and induced labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income) was $717 billion and the indirect and induced value added was $1.3 trillion in 2009. Table 6. The U.S. Retail Industry's Indirect and Induced Impact by Industry, 2009
Industry Im pacted
Employment (Jobs) (1)

Indirect Induced 255,041 51 ,7 59 48,240 91 ,41 1 61 0,21 9 386,062 349,983 21 7 ,41 2 1 ,605,47 1 5,235,521 386,97 0 9,238,089
Labor Income ($Millions) (2)

Indirect $7 ,1 1 5 $2,448 $4,956 $3,051 $37 ,1 89 $21 ,57 3 $1 7 ,1 94 $1 2,346 $26,566 $92,7 1 7 $1 4,488 $239,644 Induced $7 ,224 $4,886 $6,1 68 $4,530 $42,7 63 $29,266 $1 8,1 58 $1 9,441 $7 4,650 $244,626 $25,91 3 $47 7 ,626
GDP ($Millions)
Indirect $9,67 6 $5,51 4 $1 7 ,493 $3,586 $66,297 $37 ,1 55 $23,321 $24,589 $1 1 0,627 $1 1 3,948 $1 6,444 $428,649 Induced $9,834 $1 0,982 $21 ,7 7 1 $5,329 $82,1 03 $50,402 $25,002 $38,67 9 $288,87 8 $284,1 65 $29,41 6 $846,560
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale trade Transportation and warehousing Information Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing Serv ices Other T otal
251 ,01 0 25,936 37 ,61 1 61 ,668 582,7 03 284,663 343,482 1 35,582 606,7 43 1 ,7 20,562 21 9,07 9 4,269,038
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). The retail industry's indirect and induced impact reflects the industry's operational and capital investment impact. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
10
IV.
State Results
The retail industry's economic impact reaches all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The impact varies from state to state, depending on factors such as each state's industry mix, wage structure, spending and saving patterns, and connections to other economies. The state-level impact presented below reflects the industry's operational impact only (the industry's capital investment impact is not quantified at the sub-national level due to data limitations). Direct Economic Impact Table 7a shows the direct employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income) and GDP impacts of the retail industry, as well as the number of retail establishments by state, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 7b is the same as Table 7a, except that the states are ranked by the retail industry's direct employment. The number of jobs directly attributable to the retail industry's operations ranged from 61,000 (Wyoming) to over 3.1 million (California). The top 15 states, in terms of the number of retail jobs in 2009 were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Georgia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia, Massachusetts, Indiana, and Tennessee. Combined these states account for nearly 65 percent of the total national retail employment. The total number of retail establishments ranged from 8,300 (Wyoming) to over 400,000 (California). The top 15 states, in terms of the total number of retail establishments in 2009 were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia, Tennessee, Indiana, and Washington. Combined these states account for nearly 65 percent of the total retail establishments in the country. Table 7c shows per capita GDP directly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 by state, ranked by per capita retail GDP. The top 15 states using this metric were New Hampshire ($5,667), District of Columbia ($5,278), Connecticut ($5,048), Nevada ($4,987), Hawaii ($4,968), Vermont ($4,749), Alaska ($4,672), Maine ($4,658), New Jersey ($4,587), Massachusetts ($4,447), Washington ($4,445), Wyoming ($4,334), North Dakota ($4,292), Delaware ($4,284), and California ($4,263). Table 7d shows per capita labor income directly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 by state, ranked by per capita retail labor income. The top 15 states using this metric were District of Columbia ($3,634), New Hampshire ($3,504), Nevada ($3,330), Hawaii ($3,286), Connecticut ($3,069), Alaska ($2,984), Vermont ($2,945), Maine ($2,879), New Jersey ($2,838), Massachusetts ($2,827), Wyoming ($2,797), North Dakota ($2,775), Delaware ($2,773), Washington ($2,725), and California ($2,721).
11
Table 7a. Direct Impact of the Retail Industry by State, 2009 (Sorted Alphabetically)
Direct Employ ment St at e Jobs Alabam a Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Colum bia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary land Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nev ada New Ham pshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahom a Oregon Pennsy lv ania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Verm ont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wy om ing U.S. Tot al
(1)
Direct Labor Income
(2)
Direct GDP
Ret ail Est ablishment s(3) Unit s Percent of U.S. Ret ail
Percent of Percent of Percent of ($ Million) ($ Million) U.S. Ret ail U.S. Ret ail U.S. Ret ail
420,755 67,343 559,326 244,714 3,116,714 501,825 328,000 90,716 63,197 1,719,913 858,564 148,213 148,029 1,129,952 606,758 324,945 281,090 389,895 414,854 146,869 521,041 631,197 866,422 535,693 250,378 594,614 112,584 197,312 281,810 158,317 759,760 180,767 1,569,889 854,919 80,786 1,089,389 340,686 363,112 1,162,144 96,698 436,749 95,876 605,776 2,282,733 259,949 68,330 744,870 602,477 162,788 583,351 61,390 28,113,476
1.5% 0.2% 2.0% 0.9% 11.1% 1.8% 1.2% 0.3% 0.2% 6.1% 3.1% 0.5% 0.5% 4.0% 2.2% 1.2% 1.0% 1.4% 1.5% 0.5% 1.9% 2.2% 3.1% 1.9% 0.9% 2.1% 0.4% 0.7% 1.0% 0.6% 2.7% 0.6% 5.6% 3.0% 0.3% 3.9% 1.2% 1.3% 4.1% 0.3% 1.6% 0.3% 2.2% 8.1% 0.9% 0.2% 2.6% 2.1% 0.6% 2.1% 0.2% 100%
$10,226 $2,084 $16,465 $5,792 $100,558 $13,615 $10,797 $2,454 $2,179 $49,607 $22,622 $4,256 $3,634 $30,997 $14,118 $7,137 $6,691 $9,322 $10,894 $3,796 $15,003 $18,642 $21,108 $12,872 $5,993 $15,045 $2,623 $4,423 $8,802 $4,641 $24,710 $4,704 $49,090 $21,847 $1,795 $26,475 $8,516 $9,605 $29,715 $2,649 $10,957 $2,101 $16,354 $60,291 $6,807 $1,831 $19,527 $18,162 $3,804 $13,240 $1,522 $770,099
1.3% 0.3% 2.1% 0.8% 13.1% 1.8% 1.4% 0.3% 0.3% 6.4% 2.9% 0.6% 0.5% 4.0% 1.8% 0.9% 0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 0.5% 1.9% 2.4% 2.7% 1.7% 0.8% 2.0% 0.3% 0.6% 1.1% 0.6% 3.2% 0.6% 6.4% 2.8% 0.2% 3.4% 1.1% 1.2% 3.9% 0.3% 1.4% 0.3% 2.1% 7.8% 0.9% 0.2% 2.5% 2.4% 0.5% 1.7% 0.2% 100%
$15,786 $3,263 $25,853 $8,897 $157,574 $21,017 $17,761 $3,792 $3,165 $76,431 $35,079 $6,434 $5,748 $48,060 $21,898 $11,183 $10,344 $14,348 $16,633 $6,141 $23,114 $29,323 $32,563 $20,311 $9,211 $23,496 $4,036 $6,920 $13,180 $7,506 $39,940 $7,298 $78,293 $33,585 $2,776 $41,669 $13,192 $15,025 $47,341 $4,127 $16,831 $3,290 $25,348 $93,072 $10,934 $2,953 $30,279 $29,621 $5,854 $21,354 $2,359 $1,204,211
1.3% 0.3% 2.1% 0.7% 13.1% 1.7% 1.5% 0.3% 0.3% 6.3% 2.9% 0.5% 0.5% 4.0% 1.8% 0.9% 0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 0.5% 1.9% 2.4% 2.7% 1.7% 0.8% 2.0% 0.3% 0.6% 1.1% 0.6% 3.3% 0.6% 6.5% 2.8% 0.2% 3.5% 1.1% 1.2% 3.9% 0.3% 1.4% 0.3% 2.1% 7.7% 0.9% 0.2% 2.5% 2.5% 0.5% 1.8% 0.2% 100%
56,691 8,213 61,108 34,757 401,143 65,099 41,475 10,703 6,087 250,201 115,061 17,320 21,611 136,767 72,550 42,228 35,648 51,331 52,148 19,356 65,489 71,787 110,056 68,176 33,952 71,063 16,007 25,040 29,734 18,164 103,269 21,268 248,736 107,635 10,329 130,943 44,768 46,413 153,237 12,745 54,291 12,990 75,455 287,295 33,012 9,778 84,180 71,939 21,271 70,611 8,349 3,617,486
1.6% 0.2% 1.7% 1.0% 11.1% 1.8% 1.1% 0.3% 0.2% 6.9% 3.2% 0.5% 0.6% 3.8% 2.0% 1.2% 1.0% 1.4% 1.4% 0.5% 1.8% 2.0% 3.0% 1.9% 0.9% 2.0% 0.4% 0.7% 0.8% 0.5% 2.9% 0.6% 6.9% 3.0% 0.3% 3.6% 1.2% 1.3% 4.2% 0.4% 1.5% 0.4% 2.1% 7.9% 0.9% 0.3% 2.3% 2.0% 0.6% 2.0% 0.2% 100%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income. (3) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment.
12
Table 7b. Direct Impact of the Retail Industry by State, 2009 (Sorted by Direct Employment)
Direct Employ ment St at e Jobs California Texas Florida New York Pennsy lv ania Illinois Ohio Michigan Georgia North Carolina New Jersey Virginia Massachusetts Indiana Tennessee Washington Missouri Wisconsin Arizona Minnesota Mary land Colorado South Carolina Alabam a Louisiana Kentucky Oregon Oklahom a Connecticut Iowa Nev ada Kansas Utah Mississippi Arkansas Nebraska New Mexico West Virginia New Ham pshire Hawaii Idaho Maine Montana Rhode Island South Dakota Delaware North Dakota Verm ont Alaska District of Colum bia Wy om ing U.S. Tot al
(1)
Direct Labor Income
(2)
Direct GDP
Ret ail (3) Est ablishment s Unit s Percent of U.S. Ret ail
Percent of Percent of Percent of ($ Million) ($ Million) U.S. Ret ail U.S. Ret ail U.S. Ret ail
3,116,714 2,282,733 1,719,913 1,569,889 1,162,144 1,129,952 1,089,389 866,422 858,564 854,919 759,760 744,870 631,197 606,758 605,776 602,477 594,614 583,351 559,326 535,693 521,041 501,825 436,749 420,755 414,854 389,895 363,112 340,686 328,000 324,945 281,810 281,090 259,949 250,378 244,714 197,312 180,767 162,788 158,317 148,213 148,029 146,869 112,584 96,698 95,876 90,716 80,786 68,330 67,343 63,197 61,390 28,113,476
11.1% 8.1% 6.1% 5.6% 4.1% 4.0% 3.9% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 2.7% 2.6% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 100%
$100,558 $60,291 $49,607 $49,090 $29,715 $30,997 $26,475 $21,108 $22,622 $21,847 $24,710 $19,527 $18,642 $14,118 $16,354 $18,162 $15,045 $13,240 $16,465 $12,872 $15,003 $13,615 $10,957 $10,226 $10,894 $9,322 $9,605 $8,516 $10,797 $7,137 $8,802 $6,691 $6,807 $5,993 $5,792 $4,423 $4,704 $3,804 $4,641 $4,256 $3,634 $3,796 $2,623 $2,649 $2,101 $2,454 $1,795 $1,831 $2,084 $2,179 $1,522 $770,099
13.1% 7.8% 6.4% 6.4% 3.9% 4.0% 3.4% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 3.2% 2.5% 2.4% 1.8% 2.1% 2.4% 2.0% 1.7% 2.1% 1.7% 1.9% 1.8% 1.4% 1.3% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 100%
$157,574 $93,072 $76,431 $78,293 $47,341 $48,060 $41,669 $32,563 $35,079 $33,585 $39,940 $30,279 $29,323 $21,898 $25,348 $29,621 $23,496 $21,354 $25,853 $20,311 $23,114 $21,017 $16,831 $15,786 $16,633 $14,348 $15,025 $13,192 $17,761 $11,183 $13,180 $10,344 $10,934 $9,211 $8,897 $6,920 $7,298 $5,854 $7,506 $6,434 $5,748 $6,141 $4,036 $4,127 $3,290 $3,792 $2,776 $2,953 $3,263 $3,165 $2,359 $1,204,211
13.1% 7.7% 6.3% 6.5% 3.9% 4.0% 3.5% 2.7% 2.9% 2.8% 3.3% 2.5% 2.4% 1.8% 2.1% 2.5% 2.0% 1.8% 2.1% 1.7% 1.9% 1.7% 1.4% 1.3% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.5% 0.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 100%
401,143 287,295 250,201 248,736 153,237 136,767 130,943 110,056 115,061 107,635 103,269 84,180 71,787 72,550 75,455 71,939 71,063 70,611 61,108 68,176 65,489 65,099 54,291 56,691 52,148 51,331 46,413 44,768 41,475 42,228 29,734 35,648 33,012 33,952 34,757 25,040 21,268 21,271 18,164 17,320 21,611 19,356 16,007 12,745 12,990 10,703 10,329 9,778 8,213 6,087 8,349 3,617,486
11.1% 7.9% 6.9% 6.9% 4.2% 3.8% 3.6% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 2.9% 2.3% 2.0% 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.7% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.5% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 0.8% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 100%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income. (3) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment.
13
Table 7c. Per Capita GDP Directly Attributable to the Retail Industry by State, 2009 (Sorted by Per Capita GDP)
Direct GDP St at e Per Capit a ($ )
New Hampshire District of Columbia Connecticut Nev ada Hawaii V ermont Alaska Maine New Jersey Massachusetts Washington Wy oming North Dakota Delaware California
Colorado Montana Florida Mary land South Dakota Tennessee New York Oregon Utah Missouri Arizona Rhode Island Minnesota Nebraska Virginia Wisconsin Pennsy lv ania Texas Illinois Idaho Iowa Louisiana South Carolina Kansas New Mexico Ohio North Carolina Oklahom a Georgia Indiana Alabam a Kentucky Michigan West Virginia Mississippi Arkansas U.S. Average
$5,667 $5,278 $5,048 $4,987 $4,968 $4,749 $4,672 $4,658 $4,587 $4,447 $4,445 $4,334 $4,292 $4,284 $4,263 $4,183 $4,140 $4,123 $4,056 $4,050 $4,026 $4,006 $3,927 $3,927 $3,924 $3,920 $3,919 $3,857 $3,852 $3,841 $3,776 $3,756 $3,756 $3,723 $3,719 $3,718 $3,703 $3,690 $3,670 $3,631 $3,610 $3,580 $3,578 $3,569 $3,409 $3,353 $3,326 $3,266 $3,217 $3,120 $3,079 $3,922
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
14
Table 7d. Per Capita Labor Income Directly Attributable to the Retail Industry by State, 2009 (Sorted by Per Capita Labor Income)
Direct Labor Income St at e Per Capit a ($ )
(1)
District of Columbia New Hampshire Nev ada Hawaii Connecticut Alaska V ermont Maine New Jersey Massachusetts Wy oming North Dakota Delaware Washington California
Colorado Montana Florida Mary land Tennessee South Dakota Rhode Island Missouri New York Oregon Arizona Virginia Nebraska Utah Minnesota Texas Louisiana South Carolina Illinois Kansas Iowa Pennsy lv ania Idaho Wisconsin New Mexico North Carolina Oklahom a Georgia Ohio Indiana Alabam a Kentucky Michigan West Virginia Mississippi Arkansas U.S. Average
$3,634 $3,504 $3,330 $3,286 $3,069 $2,984 $2,945 $2,879 $2,838 $2,827 $2,797 $2,775 $2,773 $2,725 $2,721 $2,710 $2,691 $2,676 $2,632 $2,597 $2,586 $2,515 $2,513 $2,512 $2,511 $2,496 $2,477 $2,462 $2,445 $2,444 $2,433 $2,425 $2,402 $2,401 $2,374 $2,373 $2,357 $2,351 $2,341 $2,341 $2,329 $2,310 $2,302 $2,294 $2,198 $2,172 $2,161 $2,117 $2,090 $2,030 $2,005 $2,508
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
15
Total Economic Impact Table 8a shows the retail industry's state-by-state total operational impact (direct, indirect, and induced) in terms of jobs, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and GDP, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 8b is the same as Table 8a, except that the states are ranked in order of the industry's total employment impact as a percent of each state's total employment. The state-level results, as explained earlier, do not include the economic impact of the industry's capital investment in 2009. As a percent of each state's total employment, the retail industry's total employment impact from its operations ranged from 11.1 percent (the District of Columbia) to 27.3 percent (New Hampshire) in 2009. The retail industry directly and indirectly supported 20.0 percent or more of the total employment in all 50 states in 2009, with only the District of Columbia registering 11.1 percent. As a percent of each state's total labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), the labor income from the total jobs directly and indirectly supported by the retail industry's operations ranged from 6.1 percent (the District of Columbia) to one in every five dollars of labor income (Florida) in 2009. The retail industry's total labor income impact exceeded 13.0 percent of the state total in all 50 states. As a percent of each state's economy, the retail industry's total GDP impact from its operations ranged from 7.0 percent (the District of Columbia) to one in every five dollars of GDP (New Hampshire) in 2009. The retail industry's total GDP impact accounted for at least 14.0 percent of the state total in all 50 states.
16
Table 8a. Total Operational Impact of the Retail Industry by State in 2009 (Sorted Alphabetically)
Employ ment (1) St at e Jobs Alabam a Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaw are District of Colum bia Florida Georgia Haw aii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iow a Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary land Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nev ada New Ham pshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahom a Oregon Pennsy lv ania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Verm ont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wy om ing U.S. Tot al Percent of St at e Tot al Labor Income(2) ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al GDP ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al
590,762 93,843 825,526 345,806 4,783,627 703,948 476,568 122,447 92,348 2,607,843 1,261,347 196,971 206,741 1,693,548 856,530 460,038 395,186 546,140 583,000 206,768 742,952 920,621 1,254,843 788,370 346,632 859,441 153,199 278,328 402,705 222,787 1,110,430 250,351 2,333,626 1,239,009 111,025 1,564,384 482,405 540,270 1,697,147 137,335 618,934 127,526 884,161 3,374,411 384,340 96,792 1,046,203 881,938 216,257 848,002 81,359 41,044,768
23.8% 20.9% 25.9% 22.5% 24.1% 22.6% 22.1% 23.3% 11.1% 26.8% 24.1% 23.5% 23.5% 23.4% 24.6% 23.6% 22.0% 23.5% 23.4% 25.6% 22.2% 22.7% 25.1% 23.3% 23.4% 24.5% 24.4% 22.9% 27.1% 27.3% 22.6% 23.6% 21.5% 23.9% 22.4% 24.4% 22.8% 24.8% 24.0% 23.5% 25.6% 23.1% 25.1% 24.3% 23.9% 23.3% 22.1% 23.0% 24.1% 24.9% 21.1% 23.8%
$17,605 $3,473 $29,340 $10,113 $200,468 $24,705 $20,660 $4,241 $4,859 $90,589 $42,871 $6,452 $5,968 $63,756 $25,548 $13,036 $11,928 $15,951 $18,721 $6,309 $27,243 $37,776 $40,198 $26,041 $9,777 $27,614 $4,067 $8,223 $14,616 $7,928 $46,907 $7,705 $101,568 $39,558 $3,135 $49,294 $14,595 $17,611 $58,372 $4,757 $18,348 $3,495 $29,470 $117,426 $11,993 $2,977 $36,520 $33,402 $6,083 $25,535 $2,395 $1,451,223
16.3% 13.7% 19.3% 15.9% 17.3% 15.2% 15.2% 15.2% 6.1% 20.7% 16.9% 15.4% 17.4% 16.1% 16.5% 16.0% 14.8% 16.0% 16.2% 19.1% 14.3% 15.2% 16.9% 15.6% 16.7% 17.3% 17.7% 15.3% 20.3% 20.1% 15.7% 16.4% 14.6% 16.7% 15.0% 16.7% 15.8% 18.0% 16.4% 16.1% 18.3% 15.7% 18.6% 16.5% 17.5% 17.6% 13.6% 16.0% 15.4% 16.8% 13.8% 16.4%
$28,897 $5,814 $49,638 $16,259 $333,741 $41,655 $35,065 $7,075 $7,343 $151,762 $72,572 $10,652 $9,703 $105,357 $42,519 $21,606 $19,796 $26,420 $30,889 $10,466 $44,393 $61,496 $67,052 $43,587 $15,952 $45,589 $6,881 $13,417 $24,063 $13,283 $79,060 $12,496 $168,353 $65,736 $5,062 $81,895 $24,803 $29,124 $96,749 $7,774 $30,442 $5,635 $48,733 $201,280 $20,218 $4,957 $60,379 $56,782 $9,994 $42,531 $4,086 $2,419,033
17.1% 14.7% 19.7% 16.6% 17.8% 15.8% 15.9% 15.4% 7.0% 21.3% 17.6% 16.6% 18.6% 16.6% 17.0% 16.4% 15.2% 16.6% 16.4% 20.7% 15.5% 16.1% 17.5% 16.2% 17.5% 18.2% 18.2% 16.0% 20.2% 21.4% 16.5% 17.7% 15.5% 17.5% 15.5% 17.6% 15.9% 19.0% 17.4% 17.2% 19.1% 16.7% 19.3% 16.4% 18.6% 19.0% 14.8% 17.3% 16.2% 17.7% 14.1% 17.1%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of direct, indirect, and induced payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
17
Table 8b. Total Operational Impact of the Retail Industry by State in 2009 (Sorted by Job Share of State Total)
Employ ment St at e Jobs New Ham pshire Nev ada Florida Arizona Maine South Carolina Michigan Tennessee Wisconsin Oregon Indiana Missouri Ohio Montana Texas West Virginia California Georgia Pennsy lv ania Utah North Carolina Alabam a Iow a New Mexico Kentucky Rhode Island Haw aii Idaho Illinois Louisiana Mississippi Delaw are Verm ont Minnesota South Dakota Washington Nebraska Oklahom a Massachusetts Colorado New Jersey Arkansas North Dakota Mary land Virginia Connecticut Kansas New York Wy om ing Alaska District of Colum bia U.S. Tot al
(1)
(2)
222,787 402,705 2,607,843 825,526 206,768 618,934 1,254,843 884,161 848,002 540,270 856,530 859,441 1,564,384 153,199 3,374,411 216,257 4,783,627 1,261,347 1,697,147 384,340 1,239,009 590,762 460,038 250,351 546,140 137,335 196,971 206,741 1,693,548 583,000 346,632 122,447 96,792 788,370 127,526 881,938 278,328 482,405 920,621 703,948 1,110,430 345,806 111,025 742,952 1,046,203 476,568 395,186 2,333,626 81,359 93,843 92,348 41,044,768
27.3% 27.1% 26.8% 25.9% 25.6% 25.6% 25.1% 25.1% 24.9% 24.8% 24.6% 24.5% 24.4% 24.4% 24.3% 24.1% 24.1% 24.1% 24.0% 23.9% 23.9% 23.8% 23.6% 23.6% 23.5% 23.5% 23.5% 23.5% 23.4% 23.4% 23.4% 23.3% 23.3% 23.3% 23.1% 23.0% 22.9% 22.8% 22.7% 22.6% 22.6% 22.5% 22.4% 22.2% 22.1% 22.1% 22.0% 21.5% 21.1% 20.9% 11.1% 23.8%
$7,928 $14,616 $90,589 $29,340 $6,309 $18,348 $40,198 $29,470 $25,535 $17,611 $25,548 $27,614 $49,294 $4,067 $117,426 $6,083 $200,468 $42,871 $58,372 $11,993 $39,558 $17,605 $13,036 $7,705 $15,951 $4,757 $6,452 $5,968 $63,756 $18,721 $9,777 $4,241 $2,977 $26,041 $3,495 $33,402 $8,223 $14,595 $37,776 $24,705 $46,907 $10,113 $3,135 $27,243 $36,520 $20,660 $11,928 $101,568 $2,395 $3,473 $4,859 $1,451,223
20.1% 20.3% 20.7% 19.3% 19.1% 18.3% 16.9% 18.6% 16.8% 18.0% 16.5% 17.3% 16.7% 17.7% 16.5% 15.4% 17.3% 16.9% 16.4% 17.5% 16.7% 16.3% 16.0% 16.4% 16.0% 16.1% 15.4% 17.4% 16.1% 16.2% 16.7% 15.2% 17.6% 15.6% 15.7% 16.0% 15.3% 15.8% 15.2% 15.2% 15.7% 15.9% 15.0% 14.3% 13.6% 15.2% 14.8% 14.6% 13.8% 13.7% 6.1% 16.4%
$13,283 $24,063 $151,762 $49,638 $10,466 $30,442 $67,052 $48,733 $42,531 $29,124 $42,519 $45,589 $81,895 $6,881 $201,280 $9,994 $333,741 $72,572 $96,749 $20,218 $65,736 $28,897 $21,606 $12,496 $26,420 $7,774 $10,652 $9,703 $105,357 $30,889 $15,952 $7,075 $4,957 $43,587 $5,635 $56,782 $13,417 $24,803 $61,496 $41,655 $79,060 $16,259 $5,062 $44,393 $60,379 $35,065 $19,796 $168,353 $4,086 $5,814 $7,343 $2,419,033
21.4% 20.2% 21.3% 19.7% 20.7% 19.1% 17.5% 19.3% 17.7% 19.0% 17.0% 18.2% 17.6% 18.2% 16.4% 16.2% 17.8% 17.6% 17.4% 18.6% 17.5% 17.1% 16.4% 17.7% 16.6% 17.2% 16.6% 18.6% 16.6% 16.4% 17.5% 15.4% 19.0% 16.2% 16.7% 17.3% 16.0% 15.9% 16.1% 15.8% 16.5% 16.6% 15.5% 15.5% 14.8% 15.9% 15.2% 15.5% 14.1% 14.7% 7.0% 17.1%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) Employment is defined as the number of direct, indirect, and induced payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (2) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
18
The remainder of this section provides more details on the operational economic impacts of the retail industry at the state level. Table 9a shows the direct, indirect, induced, and total employment impact of the retail industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 9b is the same as Table 9a except that the states are ranked in order of the industry's total employment impact from its operations as a percent of each state's total number of full-time and part-time jobs. Using this metric, the top 15 states in 2009 were New Hampshire (27.3 percent), Nevada (27.1 percent), Florida (26.8 percent), Arizona (25.9 percent), Maine (25.6 percent), South Carolina (25.6 percent), Michigan (25.1 percent), Tennessee (25.1 percent), Wisconsin (24.9 percent), Oregon (24.8 percent), Indiana (24.6 percent), Missouri (24.5 percent), Ohio (24.4 percent), Montana (24.4 percent), and Texas (24.3 percent). Table 10a shows the direct, indirect, induced, and total labor income impact of the retail industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 10b is the same as Table 10a except the states are ranked in order of the industry's total impact from its operations as a percent of each state's total labor income. Using this metric, the top 15 states in 2009 were Florida (20.7 percent), Nevada (20.3 percent), New Hampshire (20.1 percent), Arizona (19.3 percent), Maine (19.1 percent), Tennessee (18.6 percent), South Carolina (18.3 percent), Oregon (18.0 percent), Montana (17.7 percent), Vermont (17.6 percent), Utah (17.5 percent), Idaho (17.4 percent), Missouri (17.3 percent), California (17.3 percent), and Michigan (16.9 percent). Table 11a shows the direct, indirect, induced, and total GDP impact of the retail industry from its operations in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the states are shown alphabetically. Table 11b is the same as Table 11a except that the states are ranked in order of the industry's total impact from its operations as a percent of each state's GDP. The top 15 states in 2009 were New Hampshire (21.4 percent), Florida (21.3 percent), Maine (20.7 percent), Nevada (20.2 percent), Arizona (19.7 percent), Tennessee (19.3 percent), South Carolina (19.1 percent), Oregon (19.0 percent), Vermont (19.0 percent), Utah (18.6 percent), Idaho (18.6 percent), Missouri (18.2 percent), Montana (18.2 percent), California (17.8 percent), and Wisconsin (17.7 percent).
19
Table 9a. Employment Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2009
State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary land Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nev ada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mex ico New Y ork North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsy lv ania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Tex as Utah V ermont V irginia Washington West V irginia Wisconsin Wy oming U.S. T otal Direct 420,755 67,343 559,326 244,714 3,116,714 501,825 328,000 90,716 63,197 1,719,913 858,564 148,213 148,029 1,129,952 606,758 324,945 281,090 389,895 414,854 146,869 521,041 631,197 866,422 535,693 250,378 594,614 112,584 197,312 281,810 158,317 759,760 180,767 1,569,889 854,919 80,786 1,089,389 340,686 363,112 1,162,144 96,698 436,749 95,876 605,776 2,282,733 259,949 68,330 744,870 602,477 162,788 583,351 61,390 28,113,476 Indirect 53,502 7,816 77,731 34,043 517,031 64,652 41,998 9,634 8,258 258,607 122,487 16,154 19,579 163,454 75,481 42,984 35,759 51,154 49,403 18,623 64,899 80,792 114,141 75,279 30,395 82,424 13,246 26,353 37,628 18,431 104,872 20,610 201,957 115,905 10,210 146,653 45,775 56,051 152,653 11,664 56,158 10,352 83,253 330,615 38,694 8,483 92,356 86,042 15,544 84,583 6,336 3,890,700 Induced 116,506 18,685 188,470 67,049 1,149,882 137,471 106,571 22,097 20,893 629,323 280,297 32,605 39,132 400,142 174,291 92,110 78,337 105,090 118,744 41,276 157,013 208,631 274,281 177,398 65,859 182,403 27,369 54,663 83,267 46,039 245,797 48,974 561,779 268,184 20,029 328,343 95,945 121,107 382,350 28,973 126,027 21,299 195,132 761,063 85,697 19,979 208,976 193,419 37,925 180,068 13,633 9,040,592 T otal 590,762 93,843 825,526 345,806 4,783,627 703,948 476,568 122,447 92,348 2,607,843 1,261,347 196,971 206,741 1,693,548 856,530 460,038 395,186 546,140 583,000 206,768 742,952 920,621 1,254,843 788,370 346,632 859,441 153,199 278,328 402,705 222,787 1,110,430 250,351 2,333,626 1,239,009 111,025 1,564,384 482,405 540,270 1,697,147 137,335 618,934 127,526 884,161 3,374,411 384,340 96,792 1,046,203 881,938 216,257 848,002 81,359 41,044,768 T otal Im pact as a % of State T otal Num ber of Jobs 23.8% 20.9% 25.9% 22.5% 24.1% 22.6% 22.1% 23.3% 11.1% 26.8% 24.1% 23.5% 23.5% 23.4% 24.6% 23.6% 22.0% 23.5% 23.4% 25.6% 22.2% 22.7% 25.1% 23.3% 23.4% 24.5% 24.4% 22.9% 27.1% 27.3% 22.6% 23.6% 21.5% 23.9% 22.4% 24.4% 22.8% 24.8% 24.0% 23.5% 25.6% 23.1% 25.1% 24.3% 23.9% 23.3% 22.1% 23.0% 24.1% 24.9% 21.1% 23.8%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs.
20
Table 9b. Employment Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations by State (Sorted by Job Share), 2009
State New Hampshire Nev ada Florida Arizona Maine South Carolina Michigan Tennessee Wisconsin Oregon Indiana Missouri Ohio Montana Tex as West V irginia California Georgia Pennsy lv ania Utah North Carolina Alabama Iowa New Mex ico Kentucky Rhode Island Hawaii Idaho Illinois Louisiana Mississippi Delaware V ermont Minnesota South Dakota Washington Nebraska Oklahoma Massachusetts Colorado New Jersey Arkansas North Dakota Mary land V irginia Connecticut Kansas New Y ork Wy oming Alaska District of Columbia U.S. T otal Direct 158,317 281,810 1,719,913 559,326 146,869 436,749 866,422 605,776 583,351 363,112 606,758 594,614 1,089,389 112,584 2,282,733 162,788 3,116,714 858,564 1,162,144 259,949 854,919 420,755 324,945 180,767 389,895 96,698 148,213 148,029 1,129,952 414,854 250,378 90,716 68,330 535,693 95,876 602,477 197,312 340,686 631,197 501,825 759,760 244,714 80,786 521,041 744,870 328,000 281,090 1,569,889 61,390 67,343 63,197 28,113,476 Indirect 18,431 37,628 258,607 77,731 18,623 56,158 114,141 83,253 84,583 56,051 75,481 82,424 146,653 13,246 330,615 15,544 517,031 122,487 152,653 38,694 115,905 53,502 42,984 20,610 51,154 11,664 16,154 19,579 163,454 49,403 30,395 9,634 8,483 75,279 10,352 86,042 26,353 45,775 80,792 64,652 104,872 34,043 10,210 64,899 92,356 41,998 35,759 201,957 6,336 7,816 8,258 3,890,700 Induced 46,039 83,267 629,323 188,470 41,276 126,027 274,281 195,132 180,068 121,107 174,291 182,403 328,343 27,369 761,063 37,925 1,149,882 280,297 382,350 85,697 268,184 116,506 92,110 48,974 105,090 28,973 32,605 39,132 400,142 118,744 65,859 22,097 19,979 177,398 21,299 193,419 54,663 95,945 208,631 137,471 245,797 67,049 20,029 157,013 208,976 106,571 78,337 561,779 13,633 18,685 20,893 9,040,592 T otal 222,787 402,705 2,607,843 825,526 206,768 618,934 1,254,843 884,161 848,002 540,270 856,530 859,441 1,564,384 153,199 3,374,411 216,257 4,783,627 1,261,347 1,697,147 384,340 1,239,009 590,762 460,038 250,351 546,140 137,335 196,971 206,741 1,693,548 583,000 346,632 122,447 96,792 788,370 127,526 881,938 278,328 482,405 920,621 703,948 1,110,430 345,806 111,025 742,952 1,046,203 476,568 395,186 2,333,626 81,359 93,843 92,348 41,044,768 T otal Im pact as a % of State T otal Num ber of Jobs 27.3% 27.1% 26.8% 25.9% 25.6% 25.6% 25.1% 25.1% 24.9% 24.8% 24.6% 24.5% 24.4% 24.4% 24.3% 24.1% 24.1% 24.1% 24.0% 23.9% 23.9% 23.8% 23.6% 23.6% 23.5% 23.5% 23.5% 23.5% 23.4% 23.4% 23.4% 23.3% 23.3% 23.3% 23.1% 23.0% 22.9% 22.8% 22.7% 22.6% 22.6% 22.5% 22.4% 22.2% 22.1% 22.1% 22.0% 21.5% 21.1% 20.9% 11.1% 23.8%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs.
21
Table 10a. Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations on Labor Income by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2009 ($ Million)
State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary land Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nev ada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mex ico New Y ork North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsy lv ania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Tex as Utah V ermont V irginia Washington West V irginia Wisconsin Wy oming U.S. T otal Direct $10,226 $2,084 $16,465 $5,792 $100,558 $13,615 $10,797 $2,454 $2,179 $49,607 $22,622 $4,256 $3,634 $30,997 $14,118 $7,137 $6,691 $9,322 $10,894 $3,796 $15,003 $18,642 $21,108 $12,872 $5,993 $15,045 $2,623 $4,423 $8,802 $4,641 $24,710 $4,704 $49,090 $21,847 $1,795 $26,475 $8,516 $9,605 $29,715 $2,649 $10,957 $2,101 $16,354 $60,291 $6,807 $1,831 $19,527 $18,162 $3,804 $13,240 $1,522 $770,099 Indirect $2,384 $419 $3,847 $1,506 $32,275 $3,794 $2,966 $567 $855 $12,431 $6,568 $744 $824 $10,315 $3,501 $1,970 $1,705 $2,164 $2,398 $789 $3,848 $5,699 $5,988 $4,181 $1,199 $4,063 $466 $1,307 $1,874 $970 $7,104 $944 $15,099 $5,580 $477 $7,428 $1,964 $2,629 $8,695 $638 $2,398 $480 $3,869 $17,827 $1,694 $350 $5,623 $4,932 $663 $4,033 $277 $214,323 Induced $4,994 $970 $9,028 $2,815 $67,635 $7,296 $6,896 $1,220 $1,826 $28,552 $13,681 $1,452 $1,510 $22,444 $7,928 $3,928 $3,531 $4,464 $5,430 $1,724 $8,393 $13,435 $13,102 $8,988 $2,585 $8,506 $978 $2,492 $3,940 $2,317 $15,093 $2,057 $37,378 $12,131 $864 $15,390 $4,114 $5,378 $19,963 $1,469 $4,994 $914 $9,247 $39,308 $3,493 $796 $11,369 $10,308 $1,616 $8,261 $595 $466,801 T otal $17,605 $3,473 $29,340 $10,113 $200,468 $24,705 $20,660 $4,241 $4,859 $90,589 $42,871 $6,452 $5,968 $63,756 $25,548 $13,036 $11,928 $15,951 $18,721 $6,309 $27,243 $37,776 $40,198 $26,041 $9,777 $27,614 $4,067 $8,223 $14,616 $7,928 $46,907 $7,705 $101,568 $39,558 $3,135 $49,294 $14,595 $17,611 $58,372 $4,757 $18,348 $3,495 $29,470 $117,426 $11,993 $2,977 $36,520 $33,402 $6,083 $25,535 $2,395 $1,451,223 T otal Im pact as a % of State T otal Labor Incom e 16.3% 13.7% 19.3% 15.9% 17.3% 15.2% 15.2% 15.2% 6.1% 20.7% 16.9% 15.4% 17.4% 16.1% 16.5% 16.0% 14.8% 16.0% 16.2% 19.1% 14.3% 15.2% 16.9% 15.6% 16.7% 17.3% 17.7% 15.3% 20.3% 20.1% 15.7% 16.4% 14.6% 16.7% 15.0% 16.7% 15.8% 18.0% 16.4% 16.1% 18.3% 15.7% 18.6% 16.5% 17.5% 17.6% 13.6% 16.0% 15.4% 16.8% 13.8% 16.4%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
22
Table 10b. Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations on Labor Income by State (Sorted by Labor Income Share), 2009 ($ Million)
State Florida Nev ada New Hampshire Arizona Maine Tennessee South Carolina Oregon Montana V ermont Utah Idaho Missouri California Michigan Georgia Wisconsin North Carolina Ohio Mississippi Indiana Tex as Pennsy lv ania New Mex ico Alabama Louisiana Rhode Island Illinois Washington Kentucky Iowa Arkansas Oklahoma South Dakota New Jersey Minnesota West V irginia Hawaii Nebraska Colorado Massachusetts Delaware Connecticut North Dakota Kansas New Y ork Mary land Wy oming Alaska V irginia District of Columbia U.S. T otal Direct $49,607 $8,802 $4,641 $16,465 $3,796 $16,354 $10,957 $9,605 $2,623 $1,831 $6,807 $3,634 $15,045 $100,558 $21,108 $22,622 $13,240 $21,847 $26,475 $5,993 $14,118 $60,291 $29,715 $4,704 $10,226 $10,894 $2,649 $30,997 $18,162 $9,322 $7,137 $5,792 $8,516 $2,101 $24,710 $12,872 $3,804 $4,256 $4,423 $13,615 $18,642 $2,454 $10,797 $1,795 $6,691 $49,090 $15,003 $1,522 $2,084 $19,527 $2,179 $770,099 Indirect $12,431 $1,874 $970 $3,847 $789 $3,869 $2,398 $2,629 $466 $350 $1,694 $824 $4,063 $32,275 $5,988 $6,568 $4,033 $5,580 $7,428 $1,199 $3,501 $17,827 $8,695 $944 $2,384 $2,398 $638 $10,315 $4,932 $2,164 $1,970 $1,506 $1,964 $480 $7,104 $4,181 $663 $744 $1,307 $3,794 $5,699 $567 $2,966 $477 $1,705 $15,099 $3,848 $277 $419 $5,623 $855 $214,323 Induced $28,552 $3,940 $2,317 $9,028 $1,724 $9,247 $4,994 $5,378 $978 $796 $3,493 $1,510 $8,506 $67,635 $13,102 $13,681 $8,261 $12,131 $15,390 $2,585 $7,928 $39,308 $19,963 $2,057 $4,994 $5,430 $1,469 $22,444 $10,308 $4,464 $3,928 $2,815 $4,114 $914 $15,093 $8,988 $1,616 $1,452 $2,492 $7,296 $13,435 $1,220 $6,896 $864 $3,531 $37,378 $8,393 $595 $970 $11,369 $1,826 $466,801 T otal $90,589 $14,616 $7,928 $29,340 $6,309 $29,470 $18,348 $17,611 $4,067 $2,977 $11,993 $5,968 $27,614 $200,468 $40,198 $42,871 $25,535 $39,558 $49,294 $9,777 $25,548 $117,426 $58,372 $7,705 $17,605 $18,721 $4,757 $63,756 $33,402 $15,951 $13,036 $10,113 $14,595 $3,495 $46,907 $26,041 $6,083 $6,452 $8,223 $24,705 $37,776 $4,241 $20,660 $3,135 $11,928 $101,568 $27,243 $2,395 $3,473 $36,520 $4,859 $1,451,223 T otal Im pact as a % of State T otal Labor Incom e 20.7% 20.3% 20.1% 19.3% 19.1% 18.6% 18.3% 18.0% 17.7% 17.6% 17.5% 17.4% 17.3% 17.3% 16.9% 16.9% 16.8% 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% 16.5% 16.5% 16.4% 16.4% 16.3% 16.2% 16.1% 16.1% 16.0% 16.0% 16.0% 15.9% 15.8% 15.7% 15.7% 15.6% 15.4% 15.4% 15.3% 15.2% 15.2% 15.2% 15.2% 15.0% 14.8% 14.6% 14.3% 13.8% 13.7% 13.6% 6.1% 16.4%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Labor income is defined as wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
23
Table 11a. Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations on GDP by State (Sorted Alphabetically), 2009 ($ Million)
State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary land Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nev ada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mex ico New Y ork North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsy lv ania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Tex as Utah V ermont V irginia Washington West V irginia Wisconsin Wy oming U.S. T otal Direct $15,786 $3,263 $25,853 $8,897 $157,574 $21,017 $17,761 $3,792 $3,165 $76,431 $35,079 $6,434 $5,748 $48,060 $21,898 $11,183 $10,344 $14,348 $16,633 $6,141 $23,114 $29,323 $32,563 $20,311 $9,211 $23,496 $4,036 $6,920 $13,180 $7,506 $39,940 $7,298 $78,293 $33,585 $2,776 $41,669 $13,192 $15,025 $47,341 $4,127 $16,831 $3,290 $25,348 $93,072 $10,934 $2,953 $30,279 $29,621 $5,854 $21,354 $2,359 $1,204,211 Indirect $4,326 $801 $7,248 $2,614 $56,488 $6,972 $5,304 $1,052 $1,411 $23,224 $12,502 $1,454 $1,389 $18,241 $6,574 $3,569 $3,150 $4,109 $4,495 $1,423 $6,777 $9,765 $11,010 $7,524 $2,208 $7,326 $963 $2,259 $3,547 $1,773 $12,542 $1,673 $26,643 $10,406 $827 $13,416 $3,849 $4,717 $15,392 $1,143 $4,549 $818 $7,225 $34,159 $3,069 $650 $9,927 $8,813 $1,285 $7,129 $569 $388,297 Induced $8,785 $1,750 $16,537 $4,748 $119,679 $13,666 $12,000 $2,231 $2,767 $52,106 $24,991 $2,764 $2,567 $39,055 $14,047 $6,855 $6,302 $7,963 $9,761 $2,903 $14,501 $22,408 $23,479 $15,752 $4,533 $14,767 $1,882 $4,238 $7,336 $4,004 $26,579 $3,526 $63,418 $21,745 $1,459 $26,810 $7,762 $9,381 $34,015 $2,503 $9,062 $1,528 $16,160 $74,049 $6,214 $1,354 $20,173 $18,348 $2,855 $14,047 $1,158 $826,525 T otal $28,897 $5,814 $49,638 $16,259 $333,741 $41,655 $35,065 $7,075 $7,343 $151,762 $72,572 $10,652 $9,703 $105,357 $42,519 $21,606 $19,796 $26,420 $30,889 $10,466 $44,393 $61,496 $67,052 $43,587 $15,952 $45,589 $6,881 $13,417 $24,063 $13,283 $79,060 $12,496 $168,353 $65,736 $5,062 $81,895 $24,803 $29,124 $96,749 $7,774 $30,442 $5,635 $48,733 $201,280 $20,218 $4,957 $60,379 $56,782 $9,994 $42,531 $4,086 $2,419,033 T otal Im pact as a % of State GDP 17.1% 14.7% 19.7% 16.6% 17.8% 15.8% 15.9% 15.4% 7.0% 21.3% 17.6% 16.6% 18.6% 16.6% 17.0% 16.4% 15.2% 16.6% 16.4% 20.7% 15.5% 16.1% 17.5% 16.2% 17.5% 18.2% 18.2% 16.0% 20.2% 21.4% 16.5% 17.7% 15.5% 17.5% 15.5% 17.6% 15.9% 19.0% 17.4% 17.2% 19.1% 16.7% 19.3% 16.4% 18.6% 19.0% 14.8% 17.3% 16.2% 17.7% 14.1% 17.1%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
24
Table 11b. Impact of the Retail Industry's Operations on GDP by State (Sorted by GDP Share), 2009 ($ Million)
State New Hampshire Florida Maine Nev ada Arizona Tennessee South Carolina Oregon V ermont Utah Idaho Missouri Montana California Wisconsin New Mex ico Georgia Ohio Michigan Mississippi North Carolina Pennsy lv ania Washington Rhode Island Alabama Indiana South Dakota Hawaii Kentucky Arkansas Illinois New Jersey Tex as Iowa Louisiana Minnesota West V irginia Massachusetts Nebraska Connecticut Oklahoma Colorado Mary land North Dakota New Y ork Delaware Kansas V irginia Alaska Wy oming District of Columbia U.S. T otal Direct $7,506 $76,431 $6,141 $13,180 $25,853 $25,348 $16,831 $15,025 $2,953 $10,934 $5,748 $23,496 $4,036 $157,574 $21,354 $7,298 $35,079 $41,669 $32,563 $9,211 $33,585 $47,341 $29,621 $4,127 $15,786 $21,898 $3,290 $6,434 $14,348 $8,897 $48,060 $39,940 $93,072 $11,183 $16,633 $20,311 $5,854 $29,323 $6,920 $17,761 $13,192 $21,017 $23,114 $2,776 $78,293 $3,792 $10,344 $30,279 $3,263 $2,359 $3,165 $1,204,211 Indirect $1,773 $23,224 $1,423 $3,547 $7,248 $7,225 $4,549 $4,717 $650 $3,069 $1,389 $7,326 $963 $56,488 $7,129 $1,673 $12,502 $13,416 $11,010 $2,208 $10,406 $15,392 $8,813 $1,143 $4,326 $6,574 $818 $1,454 $4,109 $2,614 $18,241 $12,542 $34,159 $3,569 $4,495 $7,524 $1,285 $9,765 $2,259 $5,304 $3,849 $6,972 $6,777 $827 $26,643 $1,052 $3,150 $9,927 $801 $569 $1,411 $388,297 Induced $4,004 $52,106 $2,903 $7,336 $16,537 $16,160 $9,062 $9,381 $1,354 $6,214 $2,567 $14,767 $1,882 $119,679 $14,047 $3,526 $24,991 $26,810 $23,479 $4,533 $21,745 $34,015 $18,348 $2,503 $8,785 $14,047 $1,528 $2,764 $7,963 $4,748 $39,055 $26,579 $74,049 $6,855 $9,761 $15,752 $2,855 $22,408 $4,238 $12,000 $7,762 $13,666 $14,501 $1,459 $63,418 $2,231 $6,302 $20,173 $1,750 $1,158 $2,767 $826,525 T otal $13,283 $151,762 $10,466 $24,063 $49,638 $48,733 $30,442 $29,124 $4,957 $20,218 $9,703 $45,589 $6,881 $333,741 $42,531 $12,496 $72,572 $81,895 $67,052 $15,952 $65,736 $96,749 $56,782 $7,774 $28,897 $42,519 $5,635 $10,652 $26,420 $16,259 $105,357 $79,060 $201,280 $21,606 $30,889 $43,587 $9,994 $61,496 $13,417 $35,065 $24,803 $41,655 $44,393 $5,062 $168,353 $7,075 $19,796 $60,379 $5,814 $4,086 $7,343 $2,419,033 T otal Im pact as a % of State GDP 21.4% 21.3% 20.7% 20.2% 19.7% 19.3% 19.1% 19.0% 19.0% 18.6% 18.6% 18.2% 18.2% 17.8% 17.7% 17.7% 17.6% 17.6% 17.5% 17.5% 17.5% 17.4% 17.3% 17.2% 17.1% 17.0% 16.7% 16.6% 16.6% 16.6% 16.6% 16.5% 16.4% 16.4% 16.4% 16.2% 16.2% 16.1% 16.0% 15.9% 15.9% 15.8% 15.5% 15.5% 15.5% 15.4% 15.2% 14.8% 14.7% 14.1% 7.0% 17.1%
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database). For this study, the
retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
25
V.
Congressional District Results
At the congressional district level, the number of jobs directly attributable to the retail industry was no less than 17,000 in any district in 2009. The retail industry directly provided 50,000 or more jobs in 373 congressional districts. Table 12, below, lists the top 15 congressional districts in terms of direct retail jobs in 2009. The 14th District of New York (which includes most of the East Side of Manhattan, all of Roosevelt Island and the neighborhoods of Astoria, Long Island City, and Sunnyside in Queens) had the highest retail employment (165,366). The 8th district of New York (covering most of Manhattan's Upper West Side, most parts of Hell's Kitchen, East Village, Chelsea, SoHo, Greenwich Village, TriBeCa, Downtown Manhattan, and part of Brooklyn) had the second highest retail employment (154,644). Texas had three congressional districts among the top 15 ranked by retail employment: the 7th, 21st, and 24th. Nevada's 3rd, Montana's at-large congressional district, South Carolina's 1st, California's 8th and 30th, Minnesota's 3rd, Arizona's 5th, Georgia's 5th, South Dakota's at-large congressional district, and Colorado's 1st are also in the top 15 congressional districts ranked by retail employment in 2009. Table 12. The Retail Industry's Direct Impact on Congressional Districts in 2009 Top 15 Congressional Districts, Ranked by Retail Employment
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Congressional District NY -1 4 NY -8 NV -3 MT-1 (At-Large) TX-7 TX-24 SC-1 CA-30 MN-3 AZ-5 CA-8 TX-21 GA-5 SD-1 (At-Large) CO-1 Em ploy m ent (Jobs)(1) 165,366 154,644 118,370 112,584 109,587 105,810 103,620 102,844 102,034 101,963 101,832 100,299 97,155 95,876 95,380 Labor Incom e ($Million)(2) $6,665 $6,085 $3,742 $2,623 $3,059 $3,036 $2,637 $3,254 $2,742 $3,096 $4,008 $2,637 $2,787 $2,101 $2,725 GDP ($Million) $10,740 $9,908 $5,604 $4,036 $4,738 $4,875 $4,021 $5,159 $4,517 $5,003 $6,401 $4,085 $4,345 $3,290 $4,167 Retail Establishm ents (3) 15,921 16,111 11,102 16,007 11,246 10,977 11,140 13,293 8,438 9,601 9,774 10,738 9,697 12,990 10,139
26
The top 15 congressional districts in terms of total jobs directly or indirectly attributable to the retail industry's operations in 2009 were New York's 14th (267,285) and 8th (240,548), Texas's 7th (170,435), 21st (145,630) and 24th (160,923), Illinois's 7th (169,021), Nevada's 3rd (165,455), California's 8th (161,369) and 30th (154,796), Georgia's 5th (153,734), Montana's at-large congressional district (153,199), Arizona's 5th (152,837), Minnesota's 3rd (146,616), South Carolina's 1st (144,602), and Colorado's 1st (144,220) (see Table 13). Full congressional district results by state are included in Appendix A. Table 13. The Retail Industry's Total Impact on Congressional Districts in 2009 Top 15 Congressional Districts, Ranked by Employment
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Congressional District NY -1 4 NY -8 TX-7 IL-7 NV -3 CA-8 TX-24 CA-30 GA-5 MT-1 (At-Large) AZ-5 MN-3 TX-21 SC-1 CO-1 Em ploy m ent (Jobs)(1) 267,285 240,548 170,435 169,021 165,455 161,369 160,923 154,796 153,734 153,199 152,837 146,616 145,630 144,602 144,220 Labor Incom e ($Million)(2) $17,856 $15,119 $7,276 $8,016 $6,028 $8,824 $6,358 $6,899 $6,217 $4,067 $5,678 $5,473 $4,950 $4,145 $5,649 GDP ($Million) $28,882 $24,373 $12,721 $12,762 $9,790 $14,209 $11,099 $11,323 $11,028 $6,881 $9,720 $9,513 $8,180 $6,780 $9,633
27
Appendix A Detailed Congressional District Results by State
A-1
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Alabama, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 420,755 63,780 58,640 58,198 43,369 67,630 77,651 51,487 T otal 590,762 89,744 83,426 81,097 61,226 91,604 109,071 74,596 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $10,226 $1,579 $1,393 $1,342 $1,007 $1,615 $2,003 $1,287 T otal $17,605 $2,690 $2,382 $2,245 $1,667 $2,757 $3,492 $2,372 GDP ($Million) Direct $15,786 $2,426 $2,154 $2,074 $1,549 $2,486 $3,089 $2,007 T otal $28,897 $4,385 $3,909 $3,659 $2,714 $4,321 $5,872 $4,037
Alabam a AL-1 AL-2 AL-3 AL-4 AL-5 AL-6 AL-7
56,691 8,009 8,218 8,200 7,701 8,761 9,392 6,410
Source: PwC calculations using the IMPLAN modeling system (2009 database) and data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For this study, the retail industry is defined to include retail trade and food services and drinking places. Details may not add to totals due to rounding. (1) An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted. A business may consist of more than one establishment. (2) Employment is defined as the number of payroll and self-employed jobs, including part-time jobs. (3) Labor income is defined as annual wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income.
A-2
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Alaska, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 67,343 67,343 T otal 93,843 93,843 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $2,084 $2,084 T otal $3,473 $3,473 GDP ($Million) Direct $3,263 $3,263 T otal $5,814 $5,814
Alaska AK-1 (At-Large)
8,213 8,213
A-3
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Arizona, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 559,326 50,222 69,063 85,484 58,800 101,963 66,008 65,231 62,554 T otal 825,526 69,896 95,209 128,621 97,997 152,837 91,886 95,793 93,288 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $16,465 $1,347 $2,097 $2,589 $1,748 $3,096 $2,037 $1,868 $1,685 T otal $29,340 $2,194 $3,263 $4,764 $3,849 $5,678 $3,272 $3,276 $3,044 GDP ($Million) Direct $25,853 $2,089 $3,208 $4,037 $2,887 $5,003 $3,159 $2,879 $2,591 T otal $49,638 $3,715 $5,380 $8,331 $6,651 $9,720 $5,494 $5,384 $4,963
Arizona AZ-1 AZ-2 AZ-3 AZ-4 AZ-5 AZ-6 AZ-7 AZ-8
61,108 8,105 6,884 8,746 5,955 9,601 6,520 7,504 7,794
A-4
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Arkansas, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 244,714 46,308 76,806 71,566 50,035 T otal 345,806 66,512 106,252 103,456 69,586 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $5,792 $1,074 $1,842 $1,718 $1,158 T otal $10,113 $1,803 $3,217 $3,179 $1,915 GDP ($Million) Direct $8,897 $1,657 $2,820 $2,631 $1,789 T otal $16,259 $2,895 $5,247 $5,024 $3,093
Arkansas AR-1 AR-2 AR-3 AR-4
34,757 7,873 8,771 10,323 7,790
A-5
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in California, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 3,116,714 54,562 56,607 64,882 66,745 55,123 63,414 47,828 101,832 49,009 66,178 59,548 71,417 54,555 67,479 57,372 52,233 52,206 51,242 49,537 37,030 54,595 59,672 49,748 70,600 58,141 70,667 59,348 47,249 69,845 102,844 T otal 4,783,627 86,774 86,790 97,009 97,521 84,634 96,750 66,975 161,369 79,909 97,289 89,719 104,402 82,942 105,234 86,956 77,017 83,390 83,159 76,255 63,238 89,971 91,407 76,027 105,597 83,451 107,658 93,450 73,265 108,259 154,796 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $100,558 $1,715 $1,702 $1,994 $2,014 $1,654 $2,134 $1,488 $4,008 $1,620 $2,136 $1,889 $2,576 $1,827 $2,417 $2,109 $1,889 $1,738 $1,472 $1,425 $1,107 $1,625 $1,814 $1,491 $2,140 $1,897 $2,218 $2,009 $1,574 $2,301 $3,254 T otal $200,468 $3,349 $3,118 $3,792 $3,554 $3,370 $3,954 $2,708 $8,824 $3,720 $4,156 $3,655 $5,287 $3,796 $5,741 $4,788 $3,948 $3,330 $3,002 $2,694 $2,387 $3,216 $3,461 $2,902 $4,131 $3,293 $4,136 $4,153 $3,204 $4,867 $6,899 GDP ($Million) Direct $157,574 $2,705 $2,677 $3,099 $3,149 $2,561 $3,343 $2,296 $6,401 $2,507 $3,279 $2,937 $4,110 $2,872 $3,936 $3,469 $3,146 $2,729 $2,292 $2,211 $1,716 $2,518 $2,806 $2,362 $3,347 $2,933 $3,453 $3,137 $2,450 $3,598 $5,159 T otal $333,741 $5,494 $5,136 $6,293 $5,997 $5,467 $6,605 $5,148 $14,209 $5,936 $7,079 $6,130 $9,142 $6,200 $9,164 $7,854 $6,754 $5,330 $4,857 $4,384 $3,861 $5,075 $5,737 $4,879 $6,901 $5,493 $6,896 $6,969 $5,314 $8,409 $11,323
California CA-1 CA-2 CA-3 CA-4 CA-5 CA-6 CA-7 CA-8 CA-9 CA-1 0 CA-1 1 CA-1 2 CA-1 3 CA-1 4 CA-1 5 CA-1 6 CA-1 7 CA-1 8 CA-1 9 CA-20 CA-21 CA-22 CA-23 CA-24 CA-25 CA-26 CA-27 CA-28 CA-29 CA-30
401,143 7,434 8,267 8,233 9,292 6,837 8,274 6,010 9,774 6,673 7,669 7,246 6,571 6,068 7,224 6,319 5,682 6,574 7,042 6,385 5,718 7,358 8,044 6,026 9,085 7,275 9,646 8,383 6,997 9,041 13,293
(continued next page)
A-6
CA-31 CA-32 CA-33 CA-34 CA-35 CA-36 CA-37 CA-38 CA-39 CA-40 CA-41 CA-42 CA-43 CA-44 CA-45 CA-46 CA-47 CA-48 CA-49 CA-50 CA-51 CA-52 CA-53
5,962 6,684 7,671 8,838 4,152 8,771 5,570 6,826 6,155 8,143 7,652 7,550 5,842 9,039 9,814 10,634 5,028 9,671 7,603 8,327 7,182 7,395 8,195
34,309 44,578 51,405 45,564 26,871 72,019 41,806 51,772 44,736 66,416 49,346 62,838 40,991 63,678 66,784 85,912 40,198 85,053 63,089 70,056 51,929 62,888 72,969
57,986 70,589 81,005 81,596 43,786 109,288 68,706 82,074 69,645 105,746 70,451 92,842 64,027 97,267 94,965 130,824 65,246 135,142 88,523 107,379 71,548 91,429 112,350
$1,094 $1,516 $1,638 $1,451 $909 $2,312 $1,391 $1,726 $1,498 $2,227 $1,508 $2,080 $1,246 $1,970 $2,025 $2,845 $1,319 $2,802 $1,861 $2,162 $1,631 $1,986 $2,125
$2,452 $2,967 $3,490 $3,621 $1,828 $4,713 $3,013 $3,463 $2,922 $4,546 $2,515 $3,799 $2,404 $3,661 $3,285 $5,490 $2,758 $5,764 $3,232 $4,390 $2,638 $3,603 $4,479
$1,711 $2,382 $2,599 $2,329 $1,419 $3,638 $2,184 $2,747 $2,338 $3,416 $2,318 $3,257 $1,917 $3,016 $3,099 $4,441 $2,041 $4,343 $2,972 $3,360 $2,531 $3,060 $3,257
$4,027 $5,034 $5,794 $6,130 $3,061 $7,693 $5,117 $5,877 $4,934 $7,511 $4,171 $6,431 $3,944 $6,033 $5,446 $9,304 $4,628 $9,781 $5,564 $7,251 $4,509 $6,027 $7,439
A-7
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Colorado, 2009

Colorado CO-1 CO-2 CO-3 CO-4 CO-5 CO-6 CO-7
65,099 10,139 8,632 10,455 9,353 9,460 9,432 7,628
A-8
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Connecticut, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 328,000 74,957 61,567 60,651 71,114 59,711 T otal 476,568 110,339 85,075 89,239 107,157 84,759 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $10,797 $2,319 $1,797 $1,924 $2,786 $1,970 T otal $20,660 $4,697 $3,202 $3,698 $5,586 $3,476 GDP ($Million) Direct $17,761 $3,682 $2,871 $3,112 $4,856 $3,240 T otal $35,065 $7,986 $5,400 $6,273 $9,472 $5,934
Connecticut CT-1 CT-2 CT-3 CT-4 CT-5
41,475 8,591 8,559 7,760 8,574 7,991
A-9
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Delaware, 2009

Delaware DE-1 (At-Large)
10,703 10,703
A-10
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in the District of Columbia, 2009
District of Colum bia DC-1 (At-Large)
6,087 6,087
A-11
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Florida, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 1,719,913 60,799 68,095 83,872 87,615 62,693 60,424 73,893 90,527 67,790 62,704 80,734 59,700 66,666 90,494 65,912 61,381 44,027 76,189 56,485 75,052 77,207 84,007 63,148 64,434 36,066 T otal 2,607,843 87,480 98,105 128,774 128,964 86,951 88,170 110,292 136,779 101,422 97,727 126,281 98,166 101,007 132,160 96,822 92,631 70,157 119,992 86,825 114,755 121,441 131,080 100,198 95,412 56,253 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $49,607 $1,576 $1,684 $2,364 $2,282 $1,618 $1,545 $1,980 $2,622 $2,019 $1,781 $2,478 $1,746 $1,858 $2,738 $1,776 $1,716 $1,393 $2,403 $1,774 $2,279 $2,428 $2,618 $1,999 $1,794 $1,135 T otal $90,589 $2,733 $2,936 $4,597 $4,346 $2,569 $2,744 $3,609 $4,788 $3,542 $3,422 $4,925 $3,493 $3,254 $4,491 $3,127 $2,989 $2,571 $4,561 $3,178 $4,122 $4,594 $4,894 $3,764 $3,274 $2,069 GDP ($Million) Direct $76,431 $2,398 $2,589 $3,597 $3,528 $2,478 $2,367 $3,030 $3,986 $3,105 $2,929 $3,894 $2,723 $2,846 $4,197 $2,714 $2,632 $2,139 $3,686 $2,750 $3,508 $3,801 $3,983 $3,052 $2,752 $1,747 T otal $151,762 $4,508 $4,852 $7,864 $7,221 $4,327 $4,565 $6,076 $8,018 $5,896 $5,835 $8,370 $5,889 $5,406 $7,468 $5,150 $4,993 $4,298 $7,620 $5,451 $6,853 $7,642 $8,134 $6,440 $5,410 $3,476
Florida FL-1 FL-2 FL-3 FL-4 FL-5 FL-6 FL-7 FL-8 FL-9 FL-1 0 FL-1 1 FL-1 2 FL-1 3 FL-1 4 FL-1 5 FL-1 6 FL-1 7 FL-1 8 FL-1 9 FL-20 FL-21 FL-22 FL-23 FL-24 FL-25
250,201 8,270 8,565 10,330 9,500 10,207 7,595 11,002 10,517 9,117 8,425 10,144 8,322 9,128 12,396 9,840 9,522 8,878 14,488 8,442 12,690 14,410 13,206 10,101 8,519 6,586
A-12
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Georgia, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 858,564 65,555 46,871 43,898 59,760 97,155 78,645 75,734 65,814 57,509 63,918 64,662 58,804 80,240 T otal 1,261,347 89,402 67,182 64,015 91,719 153,734 119,296 107,256 91,904 81,492 94,882 99,407 83,527 117,533 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $22,622 $1,587 $1,076 $1,033 $1,610 $2,787 $2,287 $2,117 $1,629 $1,390 $1,698 $1,709 $1,430 $2,269 T otal $42,871 $2,606 $1,973 $1,890 $3,297 $6,217 $4,592 $3,778 $2,769 $2,371 $3,098 $3,438 $2,564 $4,278 GDP ($Million) Direct $35,079 $2,453 $1,671 $1,597 $2,512 $4,345 $3,551 $3,281 $2,520 $2,161 $2,640 $2,671 $2,187 $3,490 T otal $72,572 $4,277 $3,267 $3,079 $5,517 $11,028 $7,655 $6,279 $4,677 $3,942 $5,052 $5,828 $4,185 $7,784
Georgia GA-1 GA-2 GA-3 GA-4 GA-5 GA-6 GA-7 GA-8 GA-9 GA-1 0 GA-1 1 GA-1 2 GA-1 3
115,061 8,963 6,917 6,580 7,157 9,697 9,168 10,695 9,184 9,342 10,159 9,299 7,250 10,650
A-13
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Hawaii, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 148,213 83,428 64,785 T otal 196,971 111,378 85,592 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $4,256 $2,288 $1,968 T otal $6,452 $3,651 $2,802 GDP ($Million) Direct $6,434 $3,484 $2,950 T otal $10,652 $5,989 $4,663
Hawaii HI-1 HI-2
17,320 9,081 8,239
A-14
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Idaho, 2009

Idaho ID-1 ID-2
21,611 10,988 10,623
A-15
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Illinois, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 1,129,952 33,266 35,141 55,632 36,665 45,680 74,960 94,833 66,582 58,933 76,685 57,549 52,130 75,343 77,766 57,234 57,876 55,803 61,454 56,419 T otal 1,693,548 47,406 50,582 85,944 57,687 71,463 116,170 169,021 96,628 88,271 115,976 81,982 73,577 109,527 112,212 83,305 83,748 79,365 88,515 82,167 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $30,997 $1,011 $1,080 $1,704 $1,113 $1,360 $2,273 $2,633 $2,040 $1,752 $2,452 $1,446 $1,255 $2,270 $1,911 $1,281 $1,355 $1,312 $1,439 $1,311 T otal $63,756 $1,787 $1,961 $3,500 $2,303 $2,853 $4,956 $8,016 $3,920 $3,450 $5,115 $2,719 $2,238 $4,320 $3,733 $2,579 $2,578 $2,483 $2,832 $2,410 GDP ($Million) Direct $48,060 $1,541 $1,623 $2,599 $1,698 $2,099 $3,580 $4,042 $3,237 $2,713 $4,040 $2,216 $1,916 $3,469 $3,007 $1,952 $2,087 $2,013 $2,191 $2,037 T otal $105,357 $3,010 $3,235 $5,712 $3,842 $4,776 $8,157 $12,762 $6,641 $5,609 $8,794 $4,601 $3,690 $7,129 $6,206 $4,377 $4,228 $4,050 $4,551 $3,990
Illinois IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-7 IL-8 IL-9 IL-1 0 IL-1 1 IL-1 2 IL-1 3 IL-1 4 IL-1 5 IL-1 6 IL-1 7 IL-1 8 IL-1 9
136,767 4,161 4,231 6,197 5,254 5,883 6,828 9,219 7,435 6,940 7,608 7,687 7,176 7,797 9,186 8,084 8,536 7,802 8,189 8,555
A-16
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Indiana, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 606,758 60,562 66,045 66,050 76,428 91,057 59,381 58,628 62,196 66,412 T otal 856,530 81,158 94,817 95,380 107,686 126,059 83,743 87,002 88,221 92,463 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $14,118 $1,444 $1,485 $1,495 $1,753 $2,153 $1,280 $1,596 $1,414 $1,498 T otal $25,548 $2,406 $2,721 $2,800 $3,179 $3,801 $2,282 $3,161 $2,595 $2,602 GDP ($Million) Direct $21,898 $2,250 $2,293 $2,317 $2,711 $3,350 $1,980 $2,517 $2,182 $2,299 T otal $42,519 $4,110 $4,417 $4,570 $5,369 $6,371 $3,798 $5,287 $4,279 $4,317
Indiana IN-1 IN-2 IN-3 IN-4 IN-5 IN-6 IN-7 IN-8 IN-9
72,550 6,844 8,487 9,087 8,390 8,877 8,212 5,692 8,090 8,872
A-17
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Iowa, 2009

Iowa IA-1 IA-2 IA-3 IA-4 IA-5
42,228 7,687 8,107 8,849 8,970 8,615
A-18
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Kansas, 2009

Kansas KS-1 KS-2 KS-3 KS-4
35,648 10,472 8,428 8,591 8,157
A-19
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Kentucky, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 389,895 64,305 64,435 73,955 70,129 45,247 71,825 T otal 546,140 87,214 90,288 106,777 98,466 62,142 101,252 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $9,322 $1,476 $1,504 $1,908 $1,632 $1,089 $1,713 T otal $15,951 $2,381 $2,504 $3,533 $2,886 $1,767 $2,879 GDP ($Million) Direct $14,348 $2,282 $2,314 $2,900 $2,506 $1,673 $2,672 T otal $26,420 $3,895 $4,227 $5,957 $4,730 $2,874 $4,738
Kentucky KY -1 KY -2 KY -3 KY -4 KY -5 KY -6
51,331 9,602 9,388 7,203 8,843 7,862 8,433
A-20
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Louisiana, 2009

Louisiana LA-1 LA-2 LA-3 LA-4 LA-5 LA-6 LA-7
52,148 8,912 5,388 6,584 6,963 7,265 8,606 8,429
A-21
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Maine, 2009

Maine ME-1 ME-2
19,356 9,977 9,379
A-22
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Maryland, 2009

Mary land MD-1 MD-2 MD-3 MD-4 MD-5 MD-6 MD-7 MD-8
65,489 10,295 6,887 9,809 6,846 8,635 9,265 6,113 7,639
A-23
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Massachusetts, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 631,197 57,119 51,572 64,201 68,590 52,217 72,584 49,282 73,498 70,344 71,791 T otal 920,621 80,359 73,434 92,963 100,304 77,302 102,838 74,803 112,071 106,700 99,846 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $18,642 $1,548 $1,392 $1,789 $1,962 $1,583 $2,079 $1,559 $2,389 $2,228 $2,115 T otal $37,776 $2,702 $2,624 $3,532 $3,862 $3,329 $3,985 $3,421 $5,719 $5,009 $3,594 GDP ($Million) Direct $29,323 $2,458 $2,193 $2,810 $3,111 $2,485 $3,341 $2,435 $3,719 $3,465 $3,305 T otal $61,496 $4,532 $4,325 $5,764 $6,325 $5,416 $6,644 $5,425 $8,977 $8,113 $5,975
Massachusetts MA-1 MA-2 MA-3 MA-4 MA-5 MA-6 MA-7 MA-8 MA-9 MA-1 0
71,787 7,426 6,706 7,634 7,826 6,002 8,167 5,507 6,640 6,895 8,985
A-24
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Michigan, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 866,422 60,373 66,153 65,210 55,608 49,207 62,712 54,420 57,278 87,377 56,560 73,516 55,380 29,135 33,147 60,346 T otal 1,254,843 81,708 96,524 101,100 79,985 68,739 91,051 79,501 81,482 133,933 77,592 101,226 83,610 45,996 47,613 84,783 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $21,108 $1,338 $1,497 $1,598 $1,252 $1,139 $1,328 $1,315 $1,369 $2,426 $1,356 $1,909 $1,443 $725 $878 $1,534 T otal $40,198 $2,167 $2,749 $3,219 $2,268 $2,012 $2,628 $2,531 $2,511 $5,030 $2,266 $3,487 $2,956 $1,747 $1,697 $2,931 GDP ($Million) Direct $32,563 $2,080 $2,329 $2,560 $1,939 $1,749 $2,065 $2,020 $2,096 $3,706 $2,101 $2,958 $2,197 $1,090 $1,327 $2,346 T otal $67,052 $3,658 $4,597 $5,465 $3,751 $3,303 $4,485 $4,248 $4,234 $8,313 $3,851 $5,698 $4,883 $3,022 $2,743 $4,802
Michigan MI-1 MI-2 MI-3 MI-4 MI-5 MI-6 MI-7 MI-8 MI-9 MI-1 0 MI-1 1 MI-1 2 MI-1 3 MI-1 4 MI-1 5
110,056 9,055 8,927 7,236 8,118 6,488 7,737 7,542 7,237 8,954 7,808 7,039 7,432 4,555 5,018 6,910
A-25
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Minnesota, 2009

Minnesota MN-1 MN-2 MN-3 MN-4 MN-5 MN-6 MN-7 MN-8
68,176 9,267 8,512 8,438 6,663 6,345 9,293 9,827 9,833
A-26
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Mississippi, 2009

Mississippi MS-1 MS-2 MS-3 MS-4
33,952 9,739 7,246 8,811 8,156
A-27
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Missouri, 2009

Missouri MO-1 MO-2 MO-3 MO-4 MO-5 MO-6 MO-7 MO-8 MO-9
71,063 5,515 8,319 6,469 8,365 6,863 8,564 9,815 8,011 9,143
A-28
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Montana, 2009

Montana MT-1 (At-Large)
16,007 16,007
A-29
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Nebraska, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 197,312 64,476 72,150 60,687 T otal 278,328 90,124 103,792 84,412 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $4,423 $1,347 $1,823 $1,253 T otal $8,223 $2,493 $3,480 $2,250 GDP ($Million) Direct $6,920 $2,076 $2,883 $1,962 T otal $13,417 $3,998 $5,800 $3,619
Nebraska NE-1 NE-2 NE-3
25,040 8,681 6,773 9,586
A-30
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Nevada, 2009

Nev ada NV-1 NV-2 NV-3
29,734 8,519 10,113 11,102
A-31
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in New Hampshire, 2009

New Ham pshire NH-1 NH-2
18,164 8,525 9,639
A-32
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in New Jersey, 2009

New Jersey NJ-1 NJ-2 NJ-3 NJ-4 NJ-5 NJ-6 NJ-7 NJ-8 NJ-9 NJ-1 0 NJ-1 1 NJ-1 2 NJ-1 3
103,269 7,145 8,817 7,937 7,585 8,356 6,897 8,423 7,191 8,981 6,488 9,697 8,282 7,471
A-33
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in New Mexico, 2009

New Mex ico NM-1 NM-2 NM-3
21,268 6,875 6,573 7,820
A-34
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in New York, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 1,569,889 59,757 65,591 52,936 63,779 38,337 20,203 29,453 154,644 30,261 20,626 17,309 48,877 33,918 165,366 30,735 17,081 31,818 57,184 52,043 64,532 56,906 52,525 48,072 53,484 66,625 59,454 61,284 55,460 61,628 T otal 2,333,626 83,883 99,888 75,405 90,138 56,604 29,977 44,229 240,548 44,723 33,013 26,087 78,520 46,406 267,285 46,737 27,076 48,936 86,819 73,079 91,895 83,574 74,993 64,681 76,274 98,521 84,168 88,748 83,012 88,409 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $49,090 $1,948 $2,124 $1,716 $2,001 $1,167 $611 $877 $6,085 $922 $611 $519 $1,738 $951 $6,665 $1,243 $512 $1,017 $1,973 $1,596 $1,731 $1,656 $1,383 $1,203 $1,314 $1,721 $1,447 $1,493 $1,329 $1,539 T otal $101,568 $3,393 $4,395 $3,178 $3,544 $2,215 $1,121 $1,662 $15,119 $1,628 $1,190 $942 $3,603 $1,585 $17,856 $2,246 $993 $2,033 $4,107 $2,833 $3,085 $3,198 $2,464 $1,968 $2,369 $3,482 $2,699 $2,912 $2,844 $2,904 GDP ($Million) Direct $78,293 $3,080 $3,476 $2,741 $3,223 $1,900 $934 $1,377 $9,908 $1,460 $994 $851 $2,877 $1,501 $10,740 $1,965 $841 $1,601 $3,161 $2,543 $2,766 $2,539 $2,223 $1,903 $2,067 $2,649 $2,232 $2,280 $2,065 $2,395 T otal $168,353 $5,559 $7,368 $5,278 $6,045 $3,814 $1,892 $2,859 $24,373 $2,809 $2,112 $1,703 $6,194 $2,690 $28,882 $4,046 $1,740 $3,483 $7,046 $4,843 $5,162 $5,113 $4,096 $3,317 $3,861 $5,716 $4,356 $4,713 $4,655 $4,628
New Y ork NY -1 NY -2 NY -3 NY -4 NY -5 NY -6 NY -7 NY -8 NY -9 NY -1 0 NY -1 1 NY -1 2 NY -1 3 NY -1 4 NY -1 5 NY -1 6 NY -1 7 NY -1 8 NY -1 9 NY -20 NY -21 NY -22 NY -23 NY -24 NY -25 NY -26 NY -27 NY -28 NY -29
248,736 9,490 9,130 7,183 8,314 9,493 5,661 9,591 16,111 10,386 6,413 5,489 11,517 8,640 15,921 4,737 6,794 6,685 8,114 8,336 10,724 7,228 7,669 7,629 8,225 8,615 7,056 7,478 7,301 8,805
A-35
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in North Carolina, 2009

North Carolina NC-1 NC-2 NC-3 NC-4 NC-5 NC-6 NC-7 NC-8 NC-9 NC-1 0 NC-1 1 NC-1 2 NC-1 3
107,635 6,486 7,324 8,452 7,615 8,853 8,424 8,922 6,719 9,180 7,565 9,752 9,471 8,872
A-36
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in North Dakota, 2009

North Dakota ND-1 (At-Large)
10,329 10,329
A-37
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Ohio, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 1,089,389 58,122 68,962 55,518 50,673 48,301 53,320 66,324 48,842 71,938 63,407 45,450 90,741 59,568 63,230 75,615 54,317 60,621 54,443 T otal 1,564,384 86,636 103,339 80,074 71,344 69,316 73,163 90,516 71,374 101,581 93,030 72,678 130,516 84,603 89,440 110,620 76,657 83,882 75,615 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $26,475 $1,520 $1,765 $1,349 $1,172 $1,069 $1,214 $1,581 $1,168 $1,664 $1,655 $1,150 $2,378 $1,449 $1,521 $1,972 $1,223 $1,388 $1,238 T otal $49,294 $3,102 $3,564 $2,618 $2,046 $1,942 $2,011 $2,683 $2,221 $2,951 $3,201 $2,595 $4,492 $2,618 $2,777 $3,803 $2,213 $2,399 $2,059 GDP ($Million) Direct $41,669 $2,365 $2,720 $2,074 $1,812 $1,666 $1,896 $2,514 $1,863 $2,581 $2,606 $1,806 $3,844 $2,239 $2,384 $3,253 $1,912 $2,198 $1,934 T otal $81,895 $5,046 $5,897 $4,245 $3,363 $3,284 $3,339 $4,417 $3,756 $4,826 $5,276 $4,300 $7,684 $4,270 $4,643 $6,531 $3,637 $3,981 $3,399
Ohio OH-1 OH-2 OH-3 OH-4 OH-5 OH-6 OH-7 OH-8 OH-9 OH-1 0 OH-1 1 OH-1 2 OH-1 3 OH-1 4 OH-1 5 OH-1 6 OH-1 7 OH-1 8
130,943 5,763 7,919 6,985 7,188 7,424 7,816 7,650 6,435 7,774 6,687 5,719 8,775 7,122 7,975 7,322 6,994 7,111 8,284
A-38
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Oklahoma, 2009

Oklahom a OK-1 OK-2 OK-3 OK-4 OK-5
44,768 8,757 8,577 9,494 9,266 8,674
A-39
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Oregon, 2009

Oregon OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5
46,413 9,430 10,317 8,997 8,728 8,941
A-40
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Pennsylvania, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 1,162,144 45,897 34,481 55,781 75,874 57,377 75,766 68,839 77,547 58,559 53,947 64,485 52,927 48,667 60,200 61,705 69,793 63,584 69,802 66,912 T otal 1,697,147 68,416 57,610 78,503 106,974 79,097 112,690 102,926 116,038 82,339 75,482 90,474 75,343 74,043 94,074 90,451 103,542 91,338 100,231 97,574 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $29,715 $1,310 $982 $1,286 $1,871 $1,259 $2,080 $1,963 $2,284 $1,327 $1,242 $1,550 $1,231 $1,491 $1,544 $1,623 $1,738 $1,544 $1,769 $1,621 T otal $58,372 $2,753 $2,650 $2,299 $3,494 $2,181 $4,370 $4,040 $4,276 $2,339 $2,194 $2,778 $2,214 $3,150 $3,499 $3,231 $3,427 $2,984 $3,343 $3,152 GDP ($Million) Direct $47,341 $2,004 $1,520 $1,994 $2,940 $1,972 $3,428 $3,246 $3,772 $2,104 $1,942 $2,471 $1,907 $2,436 $2,436 $2,525 $2,864 $2,430 $2,791 $2,558 T otal $96,749 $4,418 $4,248 $3,757 $5,773 $3,583 $7,367 $6,921 $7,309 $3,805 $3,569 $4,628 $3,614 $5,306 $5,688 $5,287 $5,733 $4,950 $5,526 $5,268
Pennsy lv ania PA-1 PA-2 PA-3 PA-4 PA-5 PA-6 PA-7 PA-8 PA-9 PA-1 0 PA-1 1 PA-1 2 PA-1 3 PA-1 4 PA-1 5 PA-1 6 PA-1 7 PA-1 8 PA-1 9
153,237 6,873 5,328 7,156 8,571 8,674 8,828 7,557 9,665 9,201 8,876 8,518 7,315 6,131 6,124 8,616 9,653 9,087 7,383 9,681
A-41
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Rhode Island, 2009

Rhode Island RI-1 RI-2
12,745 6,073 6,672
A-42
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in South Carolina, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 436,749 103,620 85,166 56,687 74,590 56,965 59,720 T otal 618,934 144,602 119,246 78,402 108,679 81,149 86,855 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $10,957 $2,637 $2,156 $1,312 $1,988 $1,391 $1,472 T otal $18,348 $4,145 $3,522 $2,202 $3,485 $2,376 $2,618 GDP ($Million) Direct $16,831 $4,021 $3,294 $2,025 $3,066 $2,152 $2,273 T otal $30,442 $6,780 $5,929 $3,650 $5,735 $3,961 $4,386
South Carolina SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 SC-4 SC-5 SC-6
54,291 11,140 9,540 8,193 8,687 8,649 8,083
A-43
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in South Dakota, 2009

South Dakota SD-1 (At-Large)
12,990 12,990
A-44
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Tennessee, 2009

T ennessee TN-1 TN-2 TN-3 TN-4 TN-5 TN-6 TN-7 TN-8 TN-9
75,455 8,609 8,340 8,036 7,790 8,044 10,354 9,363 7,453 7,467
A-45
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Texas, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 2,282,733 72,599 71,824 84,754 70,695 54,788 66,659 109,587 63,021 58,851 90,472 67,343 66,527 62,538 71,650 46,269 66,027 66,027 73,165 70,042 75,975 100,299 66,420 73,276 105,810 70,596 T otal 3,374,411 106,131 97,205 123,314 103,903 81,096 96,773 170,435 86,090 94,404 131,263 98,463 104,602 93,727 95,625 70,360 95,042 95,042 119,840 101,521 111,457 145,630 91,979 104,380 160,923 104,617 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $60,291 $1,819 $2,020 $2,467 $1,774 $1,563 $1,804 $3,059 $1,554 $1,644 $2,568 $1,636 $1,807 $1,483 $1,812 $1,090 $1,502 $1,502 $2,056 $1,527 $1,990 $2,637 $1,837 $1,777 $3,036 $1,766 T otal $117,426 $3,340 $3,462 $4,865 $3,192 $2,789 $3,190 $7,276 $2,598 $3,894 $4,809 $3,013 $3,670 $2,832 $3,025 $1,910 $2,607 $2,607 $5,252 $2,822 $3,775 $4,950 $3,370 $3,115 $6,358 $3,224 GDP ($Million) Direct $93,072 $2,793 $3,069 $3,800 $2,730 $2,390 $2,782 $4,738 $2,437 $2,540 $3,972 $2,505 $2,751 $2,275 $2,771 $1,685 $2,327 $2,327 $3,146 $2,410 $3,070 $4,085 $2,775 $2,797 $4,875 $2,708 T otal $201,280 $5,447 $6,162 $8,275 $5,312 $4,705 $5,391 $12,721 $4,443 $6,650 $8,135 $5,091 $6,177 $4,756 $5,620 $3,130 $4,465 $4,465 $9,119 $4,799 $6,175 $8,180 $5,891 $5,264 $11,099 $5,205
T ex as TX-1 TX-2 TX-3 TX-4 TX-5 TX-6 TX-7 TX-8 TX-9 TX-1 0 TX-1 1 TX-1 2 TX-1 3 TX-1 4 TX-1 5 TX-1 6 TX-1 7 TX-1 8 TX-1 9 TX-20 TX-21 TX-22 TX-23 TX-24 TX-25
287,295 8,740 7,442 9,991 10,337 7,200 8,591 11,246 8,473 7,744 9,899 9,574 9,101 8,680 9,920 9,376 9,361 8,373 8,869 7,952 7,696 10,738 8,882 9,573 10,977 11,477
(continued next page)
A-46
TX-26 TX-27 TX-28 TX-29 TX-30 TX-31 TX-32
10,236 8,566 7,786 6,010 7,640 8,279 8,566
72,293 66,145 55,051 44,693 69,126 65,371 84,841
109,976 92,924 77,697 67,440 116,702 91,606 134,243
$1,988 $1,536 $1,350 $1,333 $2,128 $1,641 $2,585
$3,996 $2,678 $2,298 $3,035 $4,949 $2,945 $5,582
$3,056 $2,349 $2,061 $2,011 $3,230 $2,502 $4,107
$6,848 $4,448 $3,838 $6,257 $8,488 $4,869 $9,853
A-47
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Utah, 2009

Utah UT-1 UT-2 UT-3
33,012 12,384 11,367 9,261
A-48
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Vermont, 2009

Verm ont VT-1 (At-Large)
9,778 9,778
A-49
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Virginia, 2009

State / Congressional District Num ber of Retail Establishm ents (1) Em ploy m ent (Jobs) (2) Direct 744,870 68,981 67,581 61,093 51,976 63,628 64,976 78,865 81,192 59,334 81,904 65,342 T otal 1,046,203 94,638 93,463 87,277 71,377 90,785 93,271 111,985 117,608 82,135 116,547 87,117 Labor Incom e ($Million) (3) Direct $19,527 $1,738 $1,646 $1,528 $1,265 $1,493 $1,556 $2,047 $2,535 $1,378 $2,405 $1,936 T otal $36,520 $2,948 $2,885 $3,128 $2,200 $2,644 $2,824 $3,815 $5,514 $2,327 $4,833 $3,402 GDP ($Million) Direct $30,279 $2,644 $2,537 $2,374 $1,981 $2,354 $2,520 $3,197 $3,853 $2,171 $3,671 $2,977 T otal $60,379 $4,917 $4,804 $5,299 $3,776 $4,451 $4,727 $6,611 $8,736 $3,857 $7,689 $5,511
Virginia VA-1 VA-2 VA-3 VA-4 VA-5 VA-6 VA-7 VA-8 VA-9 VA-1 0 VA-1 1
84,180 8,325 7,075 6,827 6,134 8,199 7,456 8,862 7,700 7,539 8,982 7,080
A-50
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Washington, 2009

Washington WA-1 WA-2 WA-3 WA-4 WA-5 WA-6 WA-7 WA-8 WA-9
71,939 8,350 8,904 8,728 7,486 7,966 7,370 9,324 5,982 7,827
A-51
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in West Virginia, 2009

West Virginia WV-1 WV-2 WV-3
21,271 7,420 7,285 6,566
A-52
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Wisconsin, 2009

Wisconsin WI-1 WI-2 WI-3 WI-4 WI-5 WI-6 WI-7 WI-8
70,611 7,986 8,562 10,460 5,168 9,159 9,701 9,764 9,811
A-53
The Economic Impact of the Retail Industry in Wyoming, 2009

Wy om ing WY -1 (At-Large)
8,349 8,349
A-54
Appendix B: Data Sources and Methodology

This section describes the data sources and methodology used to derive the results for the study. It first discusses the data sources PwC utilized to develop estimates of the retail industry's direct economic impacts. It then describes the development of the indirect and induced economic impact estimates. I. Data Sources PwC developed its estimates of the retail industry's economic impacts using data from a number of sources: The IMPLAN Model Data Files - IMPLAN is a well-known economic impact modeling system developed by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group. The model is primarily based on government data sources, such as the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The IMPLAN model can address a wide range of impact topics in a given region (county, State, or the country as a whole) and is built around an input -output table that relates the purchases that each industry has made from other industries to the value of the output of each industry. The IMPLAN sectors that correspond to PwC's definition of the retail industry are shown in Table 1 of the report. This study uses the latest IMPLAN database (released in October 2010) for 2009 economic activity. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) This data source, produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), provides comprehensive information on employment and wages at the national, state, and local levels for workers covered by state unemployment insurance programs. In addition to data on employment and wages, QCEW also reports counts of establishments with paid employees by detailed industry sector. Industry classifications are based on the 2007 North American Industry Classification System ("NAICS"). Data from this source pertain to 2009 employment and wages. Nonemployer Statistics (NES) Released annually by the U.S. Census Bureau, NES contains data on the number of establishments that have no paid employees and annual business receipts of $1,000 or more. Nonemployers are typically selfemployed individuals or partnerships operating unincorporated businesses. Data are reported at the national, state, and county levels and by detailed industry, based on 2007 NAICS codes. Data from this source pertain to nonemployer operations in 2008 (the most recent year for which data are currently available), and are adjusted to 2009 levels as described below. Regional Economic Information System ("REIS") This data source, produced by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis ("BEA"), provides information on employment and compensation by industry at the state and local levels. BEA produces this information based by compiling information collected by other organizations, both governmental and private. Industry classifications are based on 2007 NAICS codes. Employment in REIS includes both full-time and parttime employment. Unlike QCEW, employment figures in the REIS database
B-1
include self-employed individuals. employment and compensation.
Data from this source pertain to 2009
Annual Capital Expenditure Survey ("ACES") Released annually by the U.S. Census Bureau, ACES provides data on capital spending for new and used structures and equipment by U.S. nonfarm businesses with and without employees. Data have been collected annually beginning with data for 1994. For quantifying the economic impact of the retail industry's capital investment, its capital spending is translated into purchases of capital assets by type through the use of the so-called "capital flow matrix" from the U.S. Department of Commerce. Data from this source pertain to 2009 capital spending. Zip Code Business Patterns ("ZBP") Zip Code Business Patterns, released annually by the U.S. Census Bureau, provides counts of establishments by employment-size class (e.g., fewer than 5 employees, 5 to 10, etc.) at the 6-digit NAICS level. Data from this source pertain to 2008, the most recent year for which data are currently available. Election Data Services five-digit ZIP+DISTRICT file ("EDS") Election Data Services Inc. is a political consulting firm specializing in redistricting, election administration, and the analysis and presentation of census and political data. Among other services, EDS provides political information products that include congressional and legislative district boundary files such as their ZIP+DISTRICT data files which link postal zip codes to congressional and legislative districts. The EDS data, along with data from the U.S. Postal Service, were used to develop mappings of zip codes to counties and congressional districts.
II. Estimates of Direct Economic Impacts PwC has estimated the retail industry's direct economic impacts in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), GDP, and the number of retail establishments (including food services and drinking places). Retail Employment, Labor Income and GDP Retail employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as proprietors' income), and GDP at the national, state, and congressional district level were obtained from the IMPLAN input-output modeling system. PwC constructed customized IMPLAN economic impact models for the United States, the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and the 436 congressional districts. For developing the congressional district models, PwC obtained a mapping of all the zip codes in the U.S. to congressional districts from EDS. In cases where a particular zip code falls within more than one congressional district, we have assumed that employment in the zip code is divided equally across all affected congressional districts. This mapping was then merged with information from the U.S. Postal Service that lists all zip codes in the U.S. along with the state and county in which the zip code is located. Combining the two datasets provides a list of zip codes in every county, along with the congressional district that corresponds to a particular zip code. To determine the share of a countys employment in a particular industry that is located in a particular zip code and thus in a given congressional district, the ZBP data were used.
B-2
ZBP provides data on the total number of establishments for more than 40,000 5-digit zip code areas nationwide. In addition, ZBP provides the number of establishments by employment-size class by detailed (6-digit NAICS) industry for each zip code. Using the establishment data, we constructed estimates of employment by zip code by multiplying the number of establishments in a given size class by the midpoint of that size class and summing over all size classes. The resulting database was then merged with the zip code-to-county-to-congressional district mapping mentioned above. Next employment was aggregated first by county and then by congressional districts within a given county. Finally, allocation percentages were created by dividing ZBP employment for a given congressional district within a county by total ZBP employment in the county. The result was a list of percentages mapping employment in every county to each congressional district that falls in whole or in part within that county. These allocation percentages were used to develop IMPLAN congressional district models. Retail Establishments Retail businesses with paid employees For retail businesses with paid employees, PwC obtained national and state-level establishment counts from QCEW by detailed (3-digit) NAICS code for 2009.2 State-level establishment counts were then allocated across the congressional districts in a given state using data from the ZBP. In particular, data on retail establishments were obtained by zip code from the 2008 edition of the ZBP. Each zip code was mapped to the appropriate congressional district (or districts) using the mapping obtained from EDS.3 ZBP retail establishment counts were aggregated first by state and then by congressional districts within a given state. Allocation percentages were then created by dividing the number of ZBP retail establishments in a given congressional district within a state by total ZBP retail establishments in the state. The result was a list of percentages mapping retail establishments in each state to each congressional district in that state. These allocation percentages were applied to the state-level establishment counts for 2009 from the QCEW to derive the estimated count of retail establishments by congressional district. Retail businesses without paid employees These establishments, often referred to as nonemployers, are typically small sole proprietorships or partnerships operating unincorporated businesses. According to the Census Bureau, there were 2.1 million nonemployers in the retail industry (including food services and drinking places) in 2008, the most recent year for which data were available. PwC obtained counts of establishments by 3 digit NAICS industry at the national, state, and county levels from the 2008 edition of Nonemployer Statistics. Data from the REIS database were used to obtain implied growth rate for nonemployers in the retail industry between 2008 and 2009. These growth rates were used to estimate the number of nonemployer establishments in 2009. This calculation was done separately for each state and for the nation as a whole. The state-level estimates were then scaled to match the national total.
Due to minor differences between the sum of the state-level data and the national establishment counts for certain industries, the state data were summed to derive the national level estimates. 3 If a particular zip code is split across multiple congressional districts, it was assumed that the establishments resident in that zip code are split equally across all congressional districts in that zip code. For example, if there were 10 retail establishments in a zip code which was split across two congressional districts, 5 establishments were mapped to each of the congressional districts.
2
B-3
At the national and state levels, the NES data were complete for all relevant industries. However, at the county level some data are suppressed for disclosure reasons. To overcome this issue, PwC used a standard raking procedure to fill in the missing values. For allocating the county-level nonemployer retail establishment counts across congressional districts, we first mapped the ZBP retail establishment data to the county level using data obtained from the U.S. Postal Service and to the congressional district using the mapping obtained from EDS. Next the ZBP retail establishment counts were aggregated first by county and then by congressional districts within a given county. Allocation percentages were then created by dividing the number of ZBP retail establishments for a given congressional district within a county by total ZBP retail establishments in the county. The result was a list of percentages mapping retail establishments in every county to each congressional district that falls in whole or in part within that county. The allocation percentages were applied to the county-level retail establishment estimates from the raking procedure described above to derive estimates of the number of nonemployer retail establishments by congressional district for 2008. These estimates were then scaled to match the state totals of nonemployer retail establishments for 2009. III. Estimates of Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts The initial round of output, income, and employment generated by retail operations leads to successive rounds of re-spending in the chain of production. Such indirect and induced economic impacts by the retail industry can be measured using various approaches. The most common is multiplier analysis. In broad terms, a multiplier is an index that indicates the overall change in the level of economic activity that results from a given initial change. It effectively adds up all the successive rounds of re-spending, based on a number of assumptions that are embedded in the method of estimation. There are different methods available for calculating multipliers. The method used in this report is input-output analysis. It is the most commonly used approach in regional economic impact studies. The input-output model developed by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group is one of the best known input-output models for regional economic studies in the United States and is widely used by government, academics and private-sector researchers. The IMPLAN models are built around an "input-output" table that relates the purchases that each industry has made from other industries to the value of the output of each industry. To meet the demand for goods and services from an industry, purchases are made in other industries according to the patterns recorded in the input-output table. These purchases in turn spark still more purchases by the industry's suppliers, and so on. Additionally, employees and business owners make personal purchases out of the additional income that is generated by this process, sending more new demands rippling through the economy. Multipliers describe these iterations. The Type I multiplier measures the direct and indirect effects of a change in economic activity. It captures the inter-industry effects only, i.e., industries buying from local industries. The Type II (Social Accounting Matrix or SAM) multiplier captures the direct and indirect effects and, in addition, it also reflects induced effects (i.e., changes in spending from households as income increases or decreases due to the changes in production). The indirect and induced impacts by the retail industry on other sectors of the economy in terms of employment, labor income (including wages and salaries and benefits as well as
B-4
proprietors' income), and contribution to GDP were calculated through the multiplier process built in each model.4 For this study, PwC built customized IMPLAN input-output models for the national economy and each state or congressional district to calculate the industry's indirect and induced economic impact in each study area in terms of employment, labor income, and GDP. Because IMPLAN regional models capture only the indirect and induced effects within a region, the indirect and induced effects crossing state borders ("cross-state spillover effects") are not captured by the IMPLAN state models. As such, if not adjusted, the state-level indirect and induced impacts calculated by the IMPLAN state models would not add up to the overall impact captured by the national model, which includes the cross-state effects. PwC allocated the cross-state indirect and induced employment, labor income, and GDP effects by industry across the 50 states and the District of Columbia in proportion to each state's share of the total national employment, labor income, and GDP in each industry. The state indirect and induced effects reported throughout this study include such allocation of the cross-state spillover effects. Likewise, in a state with multiple congressional districts, the indirect and induced effects captured in each congressional district model show only the impact of retailing within the congressional district. Cross-district "spillover" effects by industry were allocated within a state in proportion to each congressional districts share of that industry within the state.
Because the IMPLAN models are used for total impact analysis (as opposed to marginal impact analysis) in this study, necessary adjustments are made to the initial indirect and induced impact estimates to prevent double-counting. For instance, any indirect or induced effects from the initial estimates for IMPLAN sectors that are fully mapped to the retail industry are removed.
4
B-5

NRF Retail Impact Report PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NRF Retail Impact Report PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.pwc.

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Establishments(1) Employment (Jobs)(2) Labor Income(3) GDP

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Table E-2b. Direct GDP by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Employment (Jobs)(1) Labor Income(2) GDP

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Labor Income ($ Million)

GDP ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Labor Income ($ Million)

GDP ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. RETAIL INDUSTRY I. Introduction

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

III. National Results

Establishments(1) Employment (Jobs)(2) Labor Income(3) GDP

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Table 3b. Direct GDP by 2-Digit NAICS Industry, 2009

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Labor Income ($ Millions)

Number of Ret ail (3) Est ablishment s

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Employment (Jobs) (1)

Labor Income ($Millions) (2)

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Direct Labor Income

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Direct Labor Income

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Labor Income ($ Million)

GDP ($ Million) Percent of St at e Tot al

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

The Economic Impact of the U.S. Retail Industry

Congressional District Results