Subject Name : Fiber Optics and Laser Instrumentation Class & Sem. : IV Year VIII Sem.

Unit I Part A 1. What is refractive index? Give its relationship. 2. What is the refractive index for air, glass and water. 3. State Snells Law? 4. Define angle of incidence? 5. What is external reflection? 6. What is internal reflection? 7. What is total internal reflection? 8. What is critical angle of incidence? 9. What is optical fiber? 10. What are modes of wave guides? 11. Show the schematic structure of optical fiber. 12. Why refractive index of cladding is less than the refractive index of core? 13. What are the types of fiber? Explain. 14. What is the purpose of cladding and buffer coating? 15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of multimode fiber? 16. What is intermodal distortion or dispersion? 17. What is ray congruence? 18. What are meridional rays? How are they classified? 19. What are skew rays? 20. Give the formula for numerical aperture. 21. What are conditions that a fiber material should satisfy? 22. What are advantages and disadvantages for selecting glass as fiber material? 23. What is attenuation? 24. How absorption is caused? 25. How scattering loss is caused? 26. What is core cladding loss? 27. What is intramodal dispersion or distortion? 28. What is intermodal delay? 29. What is group delay? 30. What is pulse broadening? Part B 31. Explain in detail about optical fiber and its modes? 32. Explain about the ray optic representation. 33. Explain about step index fiber structure and graded index fiber structure. 34. Explain in detail about attenuation and its causes. 35. Explain about Signal degradation or distortion. 36. What is pulse broadening? Explain about the pulse broadening in graded index fiber . 37. Write notes on group delay? Unit II Part A 1. What is an optical sensor? 2. What are fiber optic probes? 3. State interferometric concept? 4. What are fiber optic gyroscopes? 5. What is micro bending?

6. What are different types of interferometry? 7. State the concepts behind liquid level sensors. 8. What is reciprocity? 9. What are resonators? 10. What is Bragg grating sensor concept? 11. Define modal Birefringence? 12. What are the two modes of operation in single mode fibers? 13. List the methods used to maintain polarization? 14. What is known as sagnac effect? 15. Draw the response curve of a reflective fiber optic sensor. Part B 1. Explain about liquid level sensors. 2. Write about pressure sensors in detail. 3. What are temperature sensor and explain? 4. Explain about the different types of interferometer. 5. Explain the concept of polarization in optical fibers and discuss the polarization sensors. 6. Write in detail about fiber grating sensor. 7. Explain about the fiber optic gyroscopes. 8. Write about the acoustic sensors in detail.

Unit III Part A 1. What is a double hetero structure optical source? 2. Define Radiance. 3. Define emission response time. 4. Define Quantum efficiency. 5. List the optical sources used for fiber optic communication. 6. State the reason for using group III-V materials for constructing light source materials. 7. What is surface emitter? 8. What is edge emitter? 9. What is diffusion length? 10. State the reasons for the reduction of internal efficiency. 11. What is stimulated and spontaneous emission? 12. Define lifetime. 13. State the properties of laser beams 14. What is Q-Switching? 15. What is mode-locking? Part B 1. Explain the construction of LED and the two types of LED in detail. 2. Derive an expression for the internal quantum efficiency of an LED. 3. Derive the laser rate equation. 4. a) Write notes on the properties of laser. b) Describe the modulation of an LED. 5. Describe the CO2 lasers in detail. 6. Explain the liquid dye laser in detail. 7. Explain the operation of semiconductor laser. 8. Explain the operation of Nd:YAG laser.

9. Write notes on a) mode-locking b) Q-Switching. 10. Write notes on a) Laser Modes b) Resonator Configuration c) Single Frequency Operation

Unit IV Part A 1. State the methods used for measuring distance using laser? 2. What is beam modulation telemetry? 3. Draw the block diagram of beam modulation distance measurement system. 4. What is pulse echo technique? 5. What is lidar? 6. What is laser tracking? 7. What is retro reflector? 8. What are the disadvantages of laser tracking? 9. What is laser cutting? Name the type of laser used? 10. How are laser used in industrial applications? Part B 1. Write notes on a) Laser welding. b) Hole Drilling. 2. Describe the following a) Laser tracking. b) Laser cutting. 3. With a neat block diagram, explain the operation of lidar. 4. Explain the interferometric methods used for measurement of distance. 5. Explain the beam modulation telemetry and pulse echo techniques for measurement of distance. Unit V Part - A 1. What is holography? 2. What are the applications of Holography? 3. State interferometry principle. 4. What is NDT? 5. Define LASER. 6. List out different Holography methods. 7. What is Gynecology? 8. What is oncology? 9. What are the disadvantages of Laser Treatment in plastic surgery? 10. Which type of laser is commonly used in medical application and state, its advantages?

Part - B 1. Explain Holography in detail. 2. a) Short Note on NDT. b) Short Note on interferometry. 3. Explain in detail the serious Medical applications of laser. 4. Explain in detail about the various instruments used for surgery.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Write Notes on a) Plastic surgery. b) removal of tumors in vocal chords. Describe tissue interaction in detail? Describe oncology in detail. Write note on a) gynecology b) brain surgery