The Vapor Pressure of Water

Odaro Osayimwen
Chem 1212L-197
February, 8 2013

Purpose and Procedure:

The purpose (goal) of this experiment is to determine the Enthalpy of Vaporization of
water. The procedure for the experiment is from the lab manual referenced below. There
were no significant deviations from that procedure.
Block/McKelvy/Denniston/Silverstein (2012). Laboratory Experiments for Chem 1211L
and 1212L, with contribution from Georgia Perimeter Faculty, 7e, p 123-129 (The Vapor
Pressure of Water)

DATA:
Temperature of Lab: 20 oC
Barometric Pressure: 734 torr

Results:
nair =

T(oC)

V (ml)

77.1

6.10

74.2

5.41

71.1

5.22

68.1

4.93

65.2

4.61

62.3

4.40

59.1

4.24

56.1

4.05

53.0

3.98

5.1

2.97

nair= (734 torr * 2.97 ml)/((62.4 L* torr/ K * mol) * (273 + 5.1)K * (1000 L/ml)
= 1.26 * 10-4 mol
T(oC)

T(K)

1/T(K-1)

77.1

(77.1 +273)=350.1

1/350.1 = 2.86 * 10-3

74.2

(74.2+273)=347.2

1/347.2 = 2.88 * 10-3

71.1

(71.1+273)=344.1

1/344.1 = 2.91 * 10-3

68.1

(68.1+273)=341.1

1/341.1 = 2.93 * 10-3

65.2

(65.2+273)=338.2

1/338.2 = 2.96 * 10-3

62.3

(62.3+273)=335.3

1/335.3 = 2.98 * 10-3

59.1

(59.1+273)=332.1

1/332.1 = 3.01 * 10-3

56.1

(56.1+273)=329.1

1/329.1 = 3.04 * 10-3

53.0

(53.0+273)=326.0

1/326.0 = 3.07 * 10-3

5.1

(5.1+273)=278.1

1/278.1 = 3.60 * 10-3

Pair of all t (oC):

Pair=
T(K)

Pair

350.1

(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 350.1 K)/( 6.10

ml/1000ml/L) = 450 torr

347.2

(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 347.2 K)/( 5.41

ml/1000ml/L) = 503 torr

344.1

(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 344.1 K)/( 5.22

ml/1000ml/L) = 517 torr

341.1

(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 341.1 K)/( 4.93

ml/1000ml/L) = 543 torr

338.2
335.3
332.1
329.1
326.0
278.1

(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 338.2 K)/( 4.61

ml/1000ml/L) = 575 torr
(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 335.3 K)/( 4.40
ml/1000ml/L) = 598 torr
(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 332.1 K)/( 4.24
ml/1000ml/L) = 614 torr
(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 329.1 K)/( 4.05
ml/1000ml/L) = 637 torr
(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 326.0 K)/( 3.98
ml/1000ml/L) = 642 torr
(1.26 * 10-4 mol)* (62.4 L* torr/ K * mol)*( 278.1 K)/( 2.97
ml/1000ml/L) = 734 torr

Pair

PH2O

ln PH2O

450 torr

734 torr - 450 torr = 284 torr

ln(284)= 5.65

503 torr

734 torr - 503 torr = 231 torr

ln(231) = 5.44

517 torr

734 torr - 517 torr = 217 torr

ln(217) = 5.38

543 torr

734 torr - 543 torr = 191 torr

ln(191) = 5.25

575 torr

734 torr - 575 torr = 159 torr

ln(159) = 5.07

598 torr

734 torr - 598 torr = 136 torr

ln(136) = 4.91

614 torr

734 torr - 614 torr = 120 torr

ln(120) = 4.79

637 torr

734 torr - 637 torr = 97 torr

ln(97) = 4.57

642 torr

734 torr - 642 torr = 92 torr

ln(92) = 4.52

734 torr

734 torr - 734 torr = 0 torr

ln(0) = und.

1/T(K-1)

ln PH2O

0.002856
0.00288
0.002906
0.002932
0.002957
0.002982
0.003011
0.003039

5.648974238
5.442417711
5.379897354
5.252273428
5.068904202
4.912654886
4.787491743
4.574710979

0.003067 4.521788577

ln PH2O VS. 1/T

6

y = -5458.8x + 21.218
R = 0.9906

ln PH2O

4
3
ln PH2O
2

Linear (ln PH2O)

1
0
0.0028 0.00285 0.0029 0.00295

0.003

0.00305 0.0031

1/T(K-1)

y = -5458.8x + 21.218
- Hvap/R = -5458.8
Hvap = - (-5458.8)* 8.3145
= 45387.1926
= 45387 J/mol = 45.4 KJ/mol

ln (284) ln (734) = -5458.8 ((1/T2) - (1/350.1))

-.950/ -5458.8 = ((1/T2) - (1/350.1))
1.74 * 10-4 = ( (1/350.1) - (1/T2) )
1.74 * 10-4 - 2.86 * 10-3 = - 1/T2
T2 = 1/2.68 * 10-3

= 372.8 K = 99.8 oC

Result:
Hvap = 45.4 KJ/mol
Normal Boiling Point of water = 99.8 oC
Error Analysis:
The most important source of my error came from reading the temperature and volume of the
cylinders. However, they werent major errors; they were only a few decimal places away, . 01.
Also the class temperature was 20 oC.
This affected my results in the following ways:
1. They may have altered the affecting the enthalpy of vaporization of water.
2. This affected the normal boiling temperature.
% error
Percent error =

= 12 % error
Reference: Chemistry, Zumdahl (2010), p. 471 states, water has an unusually large heat
of vaporization (40.7 KJ/mol).

Discussion:
In this experiment, we worked with water, H2O, and heated it. We recorded the volume of the
water in cylinder at different temperatures. With the data, we solved for the enthalpy of
vaporization of water and the normal boiling point of water.
My result for the enthalpy of vaporization is really close to the actual value, 12 % error. The
normal boiling point is really close, about a .2% error.
Question:
1. The uncertainty is about .01 ml. If it is a -.01 then the value would be lower, and if it is
+.01 the value would be higher.
2. The equation would be much better because the results would be more accurate.