Define Weather : It refers to the condition of the atmosphere of a certain place at a certain time The elements of weather are

temperature ,pressure humidity ,precipitation ,wind direction and speed cloud cover and sunshine Define climate : it is the average of the atmospheric conditions of a large area such as a country over a long period of time such as 35 years How to get the mean daily temperature It is the average of the highest and lowest temperature during the 24 hour period of the day Who invented the first thermometer Galileo Galilei invented the first thermometer Who invented the mercury and alcohol thermometer German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury and alcohol thermometer What is freezing point of water in the Fahrenheit scale Freezing point of water in the Fahrenheit scale is -32K What is the boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit Scale Boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale is 212K What is the scale used in India The scale used in India is Celsius or centigrade scale What is temperature Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of air Describe how change in temperature affects the weather When Temperature is high there is a lot of evaporation and therefore high humidity When temperature falls there is condensation and sometimes precipitation results What are the factors that control temperature Latitude, Distance from the sea , Altitude , Winds , Ocean Currents What is the precipitation Precipitation is the fall of atmospheric moisture as a result of condensation .Precipitation takes various forms like rainfall ,snow,hail,sleet What is the instrument used to measure rainfall and what is annual rainfall The instrument used to measure rainfall is rain gauge .Annual rainfall is the sum total of daily recorded rainfall throughout the year What is atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure is the pressure that the atmosphere exerts on the surface of the earth because of the weight of the atmosphere

How does pressure and temperature influence each other When temperature is high pressure is low and vice versa What causes winds Pressure differences cause winds which is horizontal movement of air.Winds blow from high pressure areas to low pressure areas What are currents Vertical movement of air is called currents What is the instrument used to measure pressure Barometer is the instrument used to measure pressure What instrument is used to measure wind direction Wind vane helps identify wind direction What instrument is used to measure wind speed The anemometer is used to measure wind speed What is the Coriolis Force Winds which should move straight from high pressure areas to low pressure areas on the earths surface get deflected because of the force generated by the rotation of earth .This force is called Coriolis force What does wind speed depend upon Wind Speed depends on the difference in pressure , greater the difference greater is the wind speed What is humidity Humidity is the moisture content present in the air What is absolute humidity or AH It is the actual amount of moisture in air and expressed in gms/cubic metre of air What is Relative humidity Relative humidity is more important than AH .It is expressed as a percentage and refers to the percentage of water vapour actually in the air versus the maximum that air can hold at that temperature What does it mean when it is said that RH is 100% It means that atmosphere can hold no more water vapour than it is doing now .Any more water vapour will result in condensation What is the instrument used to measure relative humidity The instrument used to measure relative humidity is Hygrometer

Give reason : high humidity makes as uncomfortable High humidity reduces the rate of perspiration of the body and therefore makes us uncomfortable What are clouds Rising hot air goes up and cools with the reduction in temperature . It condenses into tiny droplets which are too small to fall as rain or snow .These droplets form clouds How does clouds affect the weather - Clouds reduce amount of solar radiation - It also does not allow heat to escape from surface of earth ,so cloudy days are warmer than sunshine days How is cloud cover expressed It is expressed in eights , or oktas What factors affect the sunshine a place receives - Latitude - Season - Amount of cloud cover in the sky