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EXTENDED SURFACES - FINS The Function of Fins Increase heat transfer rate for a fixed surface
temperature, or
Rewrite (3.63)
T =T +
s
& Q
s s
aS
A surface is extended by adding fins Examples of fins: Thin rods on the condenser in back of refrigerator. Honeycomb surface of a car radiator. Corrugated surface of a motorcycle engine. Coolers of PC boards. Types of Fins
(a) constant area (b) variable area straight fin straight fin Fig. 3.12
T
T
Fig. 3.13
h T ,,T
Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in Fins Heat flow through a fin is
axial and lateral (2-D)
& Energy in by conduction = Q x & + (dQ & /dx)dx Energy out by conduction = Q x x
conv
dS=P.dx dA s C P qx
(a) (b)
& + Eout = Q x
& dQ x dx
qx +
dqx dx dx
&c dq dQ
conv
( b)
dx
& dx + dQ
conv
=0
(c)
dT & Q = A x dx
& dQ
conv
(d) (e)
= (T T )P.dx
& dQ x dx
& dx + dQ
conv
=0
d dT A dx (T T )Pdx = 0 dx dx
(f)
Assume: constant
d 2T P (T T ) = 0 2 A dx
Boundary Conditions
Two B.C. are needed
d (T T ) & Qo = A dx
x =0
P mL = L A
P (T T ) = 0 A
d 2(T-T ) dx 2
d 2 (T - T ) 2 m (T T ) = 0 dx 2
d 2 (T - T ) 2 m (T T ) = 0 dx 2
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
Consider 3 cases of constant area fins (i) (ii) Specified temperature at the base, semi-infinite fin Finite fin, specified temperature at the base, insulated tip (iii) Finite fin, specified temperature at the base, heat transfer at the tip
0
To
C P
h,T
Fig. 3.16
Ac A
(a) (b)
T(x) T T T
o
= exp( mx)
= Am(T0 T )
& o = A P (T0 T ) Q
&o Q = (T0 T ) A P
Obviously, no dependence on the fin length
Case (ii): Finite length fin with specified temperature at the base and insulated tip
Same as Case (i) except the tip is insulated.
0
T & Q x = L = S x
Tip B.C.
,T h ,T
ht h,T , T
=0
x=L
To
Ac
Fig. 3.17
d (T T ) dx
x=L
=0
T(x) T = C1e mx + C 2 e mx
General solution:
Solution:
T ( x ) T cosh m( L - x ) = = cosh mL To T
TL T 1 = L T0 T cosh mL
d (T T ) & Qo = A dx
x =0
TL T = 0,014 T0 T
TL T = 0,014.(T0 T )
Case (iii): Finite length fin with specified temperature at the base and heat transfer at the tip
0
,T h ,T
h,T , T
,T
ht
To
Ac
Fig. 3.17
Corrected Length Lc Fins with insulated tips have simpler solutions than
fins with convection at the tip
Simplified model: Assume insulated tip and The corrected length Lc is Error negligible if
Lc = L + Lc
f =
AP (To T ) P = A(To T ) A
How to increase fin effectivness: high conductivity material high perimeter to area ratio P/A thin fin and close each to other use fin where heat transfer coefficient is low f must be >2, otherwise dont use the fin.
Fin Efficiency f : Compares heat transfer from a fin with the maximum heat that the fin can transfer. Defined as &o Q f = & o,max Q
&o Q f = S f (To T )
TOT =
& TOT,max Q
& TOT Q
Sf So
STOT
& TOT Q
Total finned surface (including surface between individual fins) STOT = S f + S o Total heat transfer rate from the total finned surface of an actual finned surface
TOT = 1
Sf STOT
(1 f )
Practical procedure how to calculate heat transfer rate from a finned surface
1. 2. Specify efficiency of an individual fin f using graphs Calculate total surface of fins and free space between fins STOT = S f + So Calculate total efficiency Sf ( TOT = 1 1 f ) STOT Calculate maximum heat transfer rate
& TOT,max = S TOT (To T ) Q
Sf So
3.
TOT
4. 5.