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CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION:
Use of admixtures to concrete has long been practised since BC. In the early 1900s, asbestos fibres were used in concrete, and in the 1950s the concept of composite materials came into being and fibre reinforced concrete was one of the topics of interest. There was a need to find replacement for the asbestos used in concrete. By the 1960s, steel, glass (GFRC) and synthetic fibres such as polypropylene fibres were used in concrete, and research into new fibre reinforced concrete continues today. Concrete in general weak in tensile strength and strong in compressive strength. The main aim of researchers or concrete technologists is to improve the tensile strength of concrete. To overcome this serious defect partial incorporation of fibres is practised. Great quantities of steel waste fibers are generated from industries related to lathes, empty beverage metal cans and soft drink bottle caps. This is an environmental issue as steel waste fibres are difficult to biodegrade and involves processes either to recycle or reuse. Fibre reinforced concrete is an interesting topic discussed by numerous researchers in the last two decades. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a composite material consisting of hydraulic cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and fibers. In this composite material, short discrete fibers are randomly distributed throughout the concrete mass. The behavioural efficiency of this composite material is far superior to that of plain concrete and many other construction materials of equal cost. Due to this benefit, the use of FRC has steadily increased during the last two decades and its current field of application includes: airport and highway pavements, earthquake-resistant and explosive-resistant structures, mine and tunnel linings, bridge deck overlays, hydraulic structures, rock-slope stabilization. Extensive research work on FRC has established that addition of various types of fibers such as steel, glass, synthetic, and carbon in plain concrete improves strength, toughness, ductility, post-cracking resistance, and etc.
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The use of low modulus fibers, though improving impact resistance of the concrete, does not result in an appreciable increase in its strength. Of the various high modulus fibers, steel fibers have been found to be most suitable for use in concrete, from considerations of providing higher modulus of elasticity, and increased resistance to alkali attack, thermal
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polyethylene etc., Natural fibers Jute, coir ,bamboo, san, hemp, leaf fibers etc.,
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The mechanical and physical properties of fiber reinforced concrete depend upon the fiber volume, fiber geometry, fiber orientation, mix proportions, size, shape and volume of coarse aggregate contents and mixing and compaction methods.
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Chart Title
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cube 1 Cube 2 Cube 3 Normalconcrete+lathe waste steel Normalcocrete
The above graphical representation of the compressive strength of normal concrete and concrete addition with lathe steel scrap. From the graph, it is observed that the addition of steel fibers in the concrete increases the compressive strength.
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Dept. of highway technology, DSCE
By interpolating we will get 0.45=175.0-8.75=166.25approximate166kg\m3 CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT W/c ratio=0.45 Water content=166kg\m3 Cement content =166/0.45=368.8kg\m3 Silica fume @ 8%wt =369-29.5=339.48approximate 340 polypropylene@2%=340-6.8=333.2approximate333 Codebook IS44-2008 Zone -2 Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregates (mm) 10 20 40 For 0.62=0.5 For 0.63=0.45
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Volume of Coarse Aggregate Per Unit Volume of Total Aggregates for Different Zones of Fine Aggregates Zone Zone III Zone II Zone I IV 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69
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