Wilma Rudolph

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Olympic medalist

Wilma Rudolph win 100 m at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Gold Gold Gold Bronze

Medal record Women's athletics 1960 Rome 100 m 1960 Rome 200 m 1960 Rome 4 x 100 m relay 1956 Melbourne 4 x 100 m relay

Wilma Glodean Rudolph (June 23, 1940 November 12, 1994) was an American athlete. Rudolph was considered the fastest woman in the world in the 1960s and competed in two Olympic Games, in 1956 and in 1960. In the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome Rudolph became the first American woman to win three gold medals in track and field during a single Olympic Games.[1] A track and field champion, she elevated women's track to a major presence in the United States. As member of the black community, she is also regarded as a civil rights and women's rights pioneer. Along with other 1960 Olympic athletes such as Cassius Clay, who later became Muhammad Ali, Rudolph became an international star due to the first international television coverage of the Olympics that year.[2] The powerful sprinter emerged from the 1960 Rome Olympics as "The Tornado," the fastest woman on earth.[3] The Italians nicknamed her La Gazzella Negra ("The Black Gazelle"); to the French she was La Perle Noire ("The Black Pearl").[4][5] She is one of the most famous Tennessee State University Tigerbelles, the name of the TSU women's track and field program.

Contents

1 Biography 2 Awards and honors 3 Career and family 4 Death o 4.1 Legacy

5 Resources 6 References 7 External links

Biography Biography
Wilma Rudolph was born prematurely at 4.5 lbs., the 20th of 22 siblings; her father Ed was a railway porter and her mother Blanche a maid.[6] Rudolph contracted infantile paralysis (caused by the polio virus) at age four. She recovered, but wore a brace on her left leg and foot (which had become twisted as a result) until she was nine. She was required to wear an orthopaedic shoe for support of her foot for another two years. Her family travelled regularly from segregated Clarksville, Tennessee, to Fisk University's black medical college hospital in Nashville, Tennessee for treatments for her twisted leg. In addition, by the time she was twelve years old she had also survived bouts of polio and scarlet fever.

Wilma Rudolph at the finish line during 50 yard dash at track meet in Madison Square Garden, 1961

In 1952, 12-year-old Rudolph finally achieved her dream of shedding her handicap and becoming like other children. Her older sister was on a basketball team, and Wilma vowed to follow in her footsteps. While in high school, Rudolph was on the basketball team when she was spotted by Tennessee State track and field coach Ed Temple. Being discovered by Temple was a major break for a young athlete. The day he saw the tenth grader for the first time, he knew he had found a natural athlete. Rudolph had already gained some track experience on Burt High School's track team two years before, mostly as a way to keep busy between basketball seasons.[7] While attending Burt High School, Rudolph became a basketball star setting state records for scoring and leading her team to the state championship. She also joined Temple's summer program at Tennessee State and trained regularly and raced with his Tigerbelles for two years.[6] By the time she was 16, she earned a berth on the U.S. Olympic track and field team

and came home from the 1956 Melbourne Games with an Olympic bronze medal in the 4 x 100 m relay to show her high school classmates.[6] At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome she won three Olympic titles: the 100 m, 200 m and the 4 x 100 m relay. As the temperature climbed toward 110 degrees, 80,000 spectators jammed the Stadio Olimpico. Rudolph ran the 100-meter dash in an impressive 11 seconds flat. However the time was not credited as a world record, because it was wind-aided. She also won the 200-meter dash in 23.2 seconds, a new Olympic record. After these wins, she was being hailed throughout the world as "the fastest woman in history". Finally, on September 11, 1960, she combined with Tennessee State teammates Martha Hudson, Lucinda Williams and Barbara Jones to win the 400-meter relay in 44.5 seconds, setting a world record.[6] Rudolph had a special, personal reason to hope for victoryto pay tribute to Jesse Owens, the celebrated American athlete who had been her inspiration, also the star of the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in Berlin, Germany.[8] Following post-games European tour by the American team Rudolph returned home to Clarksville. At her wishes, her homecoming parade and banquet were the first fully integrated municipal events in the city's history.[6] Rudolph retired from track competition in 1962 at age 22 after winning two races at a U.S. Soviet meet.

Awards and honors

Rudolph was United Press Athlete of the Year 1960 and Associated Press Woman Athlete of the Year for 1960 and 1961. Also in 1961, the year of her father's death, Rudolph won the James E. Sullivan Award, an award for the top amateur athlete in the United States, and visited President John F. Kennedy.[9] She was voted into the National Black Sports and Entertainment Hall of Fame in 1973[10] and the National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1974.[11] She was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 1983, honored with the National Sports Award in 1993, and inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.[12] In 1994, the portion of U. S. Route 79 in Clarksville, Tennessee between the Interstate 24 exit 4 in Clarksville to the Red River (Lynnwood-Tarpley) bridge near the Kraft Street intersection was renamed to honor Wilma Rudolph.

Career and family

In 1963, Rudolph was granted a full scholarship to Tennessee State University where she received her bachelor's degree in elementary education. After her athletic career, Rudolph worked as a teacher at Cobb Elementary School, coaching track at Burt High School, and became a sports commentator on national television. She married her high school sweetheart Robert Eldridge in 1963, and had four children: Yolanda (b. 1958), Djuanna (b. 1964), Robert Jr. (b. 1965) and Xurry (b. 1971). Rudolph and Eldridge later divorced.

Death
In July 1994, shortly after her mothers death, Rudolph was diagnosed with brain tumor. On November 12, 1994, at age 54, she died of cancer in her home in Nashville. At the time of her death, she had four children, eight grandchildren, and many nieces and nephews.[13] Thousands of mourners filled Tennessee State University's Kean Hall on November 17, 1994, for the memorial service in her honor. Others attended the funeral at Clarksville's First Baptist Church. Across Tennessee, the state flag flew at half-mast. Nine months after Rudolph's death, Tennessee State University, on August 11, 1995, dedicated its new six-story dormitory the "Wilma G. Rudolph Residence Center." A black marble marker was placed on her grave in Clarksville's Foster Memorial Garden Cemetery by the Wilma Rudolph Memorial Commission on November 21, 1995. In 1997, Governor Don Sundquist proclaimed that June 23 be known as "Wilma Rudolph Day" in Tennessee.[14]
Legacy

In 1994, Wilma Rudolph Boulevard was the name given to the portion of U.S. Route 79 in Clarksville, Tennessee. The Woman's Sports Foundation Wilma Rudolph Courage Award is presented to a female athlete who exhibits extraordinary courage in her athletic performance, demonstrates the ability to overcome adversity, makes significant contributions to sports and serves as an inspiration and role model to those who face challenges, overcomes them and strives for success at all levels. This award was first given in 1996 to Jackie Joyner-Kersee.[15] A life-size bronze statue of Rudolph stands at the southern end of the Cumberland River Walk at the base of the Pedestrian Overpass, College Street and Riverside Drive, in Clarksville.[16] In 2000 Sports Illustrated magazine ranked Rudolph as number one in its listing of the top fifty greatest sports figures in twentieth-century Tennessee.[17] Following the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Berlin in 1994, Berlin American High School (BAHS) was turned over to the people of Berlin and became the "Gesamtschule Am Hegewinkel." The school was renamed the "Wilma Rudolph Oberschule" in her honor in the summer 2000.[18] On July 14, 2004, the United States Postal Service issued a 23 cent Distinguished Americans series postage stamp in recognition of her accomplishments. In 1977 a made-for-TV docudrama titled Wilma (also known as The Story of Wilma Rudolph) was produced by Bud Greenspan; it starred Shirley Jo Finney, Cicely Tyson, Jason Bernard and Denzel Washington in one of his first roles.

Resources

SPORTS HERO: WILMA RUDOLPH by Jen A. from Sycamore Jr. High, Ohio
Wilma Rudolph. A name that may sound simple to some, but to others, it is a name that glows with inspiration. At the age of four, Wilma, was diagnosed with a disease called polio. The effects of this disease can be life crushing. Yet somehow, Wilma overcame her disabilities and became one of the greatest athletes in history. Born on June 23, 1940,Wilma Rudolph was the twentieth child in a poor family of twenty-two children. She was raised in the segregated town of Clarksville, Tennessee where her father worked as a railroad porter and her mother was a maid. At the young age of four, Wilma was diagnosed with a disease called polio, which caused her to become crippled and unable to walk. Doctors told Rudolph that she would never be able to walk again. But this did not stop the ambitious girl. With the help of her mother she decided to do everything in her power to once again be able to walk. Every week Wilma and her mother took the long bus ride to the hospital for therapy. Although the doctors claimed the therapy didnt help, Wilma and her family never gave up. The Rudolphs worked together; her siblings would help by rubbing her legs four times a day as therapy. Hard work pays off and by the time Wilma was eight she could walk with the help of a leg brace. After that Wilma used a high top shoe to support her feet, this helped her to play basketball. But Wilma still wanted to walk without help. Three years later when she was eleven, her mother came home and discovered to her surprise Wilma was playing basketball, shoeless, with no help or support!

A young Wilma Rudolph (espn.go.com/abcsports/ wwos/rtr/rtrw_rudolph.html)

A coach at her school encouraged Wilma to run track. Wilma took up the sport and wasnt only good, she was amazing. She ran so well that during her senior year of high school Wilma qualified for the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Australia where she won a bronze medal in the womans 400-meter relay. Wilma stuck with the sport and in 1959 she qualified for the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, Italy. After her first two events Wilma sprained her ankle, but she pushed through the pain and helped her team to win the gold in the womans 400-meter relay. That year Wilma won three gold medals. One for the 100-meter dash, a second for the 200-meter dash, which she broke the world record for, and a third for the 400-meter relay. Shortly after, Wilma retired from running track at the age of 22 but went on in life as a track coach and a role model for many. In 1973 she was inducted into the Black Athletes Hall of Fame, and the following year in 1974 Wilma was named into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. On November 12, 1994, Wilma died from brain cancer. She was an amazing athlete who can never be replaced. Wilma Rudolph is an excellent example of a Hero within, described in the book The Heroes Trail by T. A. Barron, for many reasons. She has not only overcome her physical disabilities, but has also overcome her own fears. She was Wilma wins gold in 400 meter realy (www.theleafchronicle.com/.../ always confident in herself and had a positive attitude and wilma.html) spirit. In the book, T. A. Barron said that the crucial qualities to a hero within are, faith in itself, faith in themselves, and faith in their own strength. All of these qualities have applied to Wilma many times throughout her life. She focused more so on her possibilities rather than her disabilities, and that is what has given her the will to never give up. Wilma Rudolph is a very inspirational woman who has broken many barriers of disbelief and overcame many unreachable obstacles. She is a woman who many can look up to and use as the strength to go on when times get tough.

Wilma shows off the golds. (http://www.kathyireland.com/WilmaRudolph.jpg)

Wilma Rudolph has made many great accomplishments throughout her life. Since she was four she has had it tougher than most can imagine. She proved all the doctors wrong and walked again, by herself! She then began to run track and not only succeed in it; she mastered the sport! During her senior year of high school, Wilma ran in the 1956 Olympics, achieving a goal many people only dream of. Her running career didnt stop there; she trained for the next four years and got to partake in the 1960 Olympics. That year Wilma broke several world records and won 3 gold medals! Although her track career ended after that, Wilma went on coaching and giving motivating speeches. She later wrote an inspiring biography that tells her amazing story. She is a woman who will never be forgotten. Wilma Rudolph, the little girl who had polio and would never walk again, overcoming the disease and becoming the fastest woman in the world!

Wilma and team celebrate the win. (http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp.htm)