Submitted by:

Frenzie Mae V. Rivera

BSMT 4-AN

Give and Take

INTRODUCTION
When two different materials come into close contact electrons may be transferred from one material to the other. When this happens, one material ends up with an excess of electrons and becomes negatively charged, while the other ends up with a deficiency of electrons and becomes positively charged. This accumulation of imbalanced charges in objects is called electrification. The study of charges at rest is called electrostatics.

OBJECTIVE
Demonstrate how to charge objects with static electricity Demonstrate attraction and repulsion between charges

MATERIALS
2 glass rods or plastic rods A piece of nylon or silk cloth A plastic comb 2 hard rubber rods a piece of wool a balloon

ESTIMATED TIME FRAME

1 hour

PROCEDURE
A. CHARGING RODS 1. Rub briskly two glass rods for five minutes with a piece of nylon or silk. Suspend one of the glass rods by means of a string tied to a support so that the rod is free to rotate. 2. Bring the other glass rod near the suspended rod. Observe what happens. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 this time using rubber rods and wool or fur. Source: Angelina A. Silverio and Gloria De Castro-Bernas, Exploring Life Through Science Second Edition (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2012), 125-128.

Submitted by:

Frenzie Mae V. Rivera

BSMT 4-AN

4. Rub one glass rod with silk and rubber rod with wool for five minutes. Suspend the glass rod with a thread. 5. Bring the rubber rod near the suspended glass rod. Observe what happens. Record your observations. B. CHARGING COMB 1. Rub a plastic comb several times with your hair. 2. Hold the comb near but not touching your hair. Observe what happens. 3. Rub the comb again with your hair. 4. Place it near small pieces of paper without touching them. Observe what happens. C. CHARGING BALLOONS 1. Rub an inflated slender balloon for five minutes with your hair. 2. Touch the wall with the balloon. Remove your hand from the balloon. Observe what happens. 3. Charge another balloon by rubbing it against your hair. 4. Turn on the water faucet in such a way that the water flows in small but continuous stream. 5. Bring the balloon near the water stream. Observe what happens.

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

A. CHARGING RODS

In the first set-up, the rubber rod gets attracted to the glass because they have different charges. The rubber rod is negatively charged, and the glass rod is positively charged, thus, there is a force of attraction between the two rods because UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT.

Source: Angelina A. Silverio and Gloria De Castro-Bernas, Exploring Life Through Science Second Edition (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2012), 125-128.

Submitted by:

Frenzie Mae V. Rivera

BSMT 4-AN

In set-up B, the two rubber rods repel each other, as they both have the same negative charge. As we all know, LIKE CHARGES REPEL.

B. CHARGING COMB As you run the comb through your hair, electrons are passed from your hair to the comb causing a net negative charge to build up (this is what static electricity is). This negative charge acts on objects that typically have net positive charges (such as dust, bits of paper, etc.). You will also notice that your hair may be attracted to the comb afterwards; this is because in the process of losing electrons, your hair has obtained a net positive charge and is now attracted to the net negative charge of the comb. The link below gives a great description of static electricity. C. CHARGING BALLOONS

In the first set-up, the inflated balloon becomes negatively charged after it was rubbed with the hair. As it is placed near the wall, the atoms in the wall align themselves in a series that the negatively charged balloon is will be attracted to the wall. Source: Angelina A. Silverio and Gloria De Castro-Bernas, Exploring Life Through Science Second Edition (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2012), 125-128.

Submitted by:

Frenzie Mae V. Rivera

BSMT 4-AN

The negatively charged balloon has a different charge with the water from the faucet which is neutrally charged. As you bring the balloon closer to the water, the neutral flowing water from the faucet moves toward the negatively charged balloon.

CONCLUSION
Static electricity is an excess of electric charge trapped on the surface of an object. The charge remains until it is allowed to escape to an object with a weaker or opposite electrical charge, such as the ground, by means of an electric current or electrical discharge. Static electricity is named in contrast with current electricity, which flows through wires or other conductors and transmits energy. A static electric charge is created whenever two surfaces come into contact and separate, and at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical current (and is therefore an electrical insulator). The effects of static electricity are familiar to most people because people can feel, hear, and even see the spark as the excess charge is neutralized when brought close to a large electrical conductor (for example, a path to ground), or a region with an excess charge of the opposite polarity (positive or negative). The familiar phenomenon of a static shockmore specifically, an electrostatic dischargeis caused by the neutralization of charge.

Source: Angelina A. Silverio and Gloria De Castro-Bernas, Exploring Life Through Science Second Edition (Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2012), 125-128.