Department of Economics

Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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Outline

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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1.

2.
3.
4.

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, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

P(Q) = a bQ

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P = a bQ
TR(Q) = PQ = aQ bQ2 ,

MR(Q) = a 2bQ

MR(Q) = MC(Q)

P(Q) = a bQ.

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P = 10
I + II P = 7
II + III

TR = (II + III) (I + II) =

III I = PQ + QP

PQ+QP
P
P
MR = TR
= P + Q Q
Q Q
< 0
Q =
Q
MR < P
0

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MR < P, MR < AR

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MR = MC 4
8
2

A A+B+E

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Mr1

d1
MC

P1

E2

d2

E1
Mr2

Q1

Q2

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P = P(Q)
TR = p(Q) Q
:
dTR(Q)
dP
MR(Q) =
=P+Q
dQ
dQ
Q dP
=P+P
P dQ
(
)
1
=P 1
ed

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(
)
1
MR = P 1
ed

ed > 1 1/ed < 1 MR > 0, TR

Q

ed < 1 1/ed > 1 MR < 0, TR

Q

ed = 1 1/ed < 1 MR = 0, TR

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ed > 1

ed < 1
MR

TR

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1
1

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DA DB PA MC PB
MC

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P Q
MR(Q ) = MC(Q )
(
)
1

MC = P 1
ed
1
P MC
=

P
ed

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Q = 100P2
MC = 50

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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Q = 100P2
MC = 50

ed =

dQ p
P
= 2 100P3
=2
dP Q
100P2

1
1
P MC
P 50
=
=

P
ed
P
2
P = 100

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P
SMC
SAC
P1

G
E
MR

Q1

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

D(AR)

MR > SMC

MR = SMC

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 -
P

SMC

P1

SAC
AVC

P2
E
MR

D(AR)

Q1

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SMC 1
A

P1

LMC

SAC 1
F

H
P2

SMC 2

LAC

SAC 2

Es

EL

d(AR)
MR
Q1

Q2

Es EL
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TC = 60Q + Q2 ,
P = 100 Q

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TC = 60Q + Q2 ,
P = 100 Q
P = 100 Q
TR = P Q = 100Q Q2

MR = 100 2Q
MC = 60 + 2Q

MR = MC
Q = 10, P = 90

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MC-2

MC-1

MC-T

MR

MC-1 MC-2

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MC-2

MC-1

MC-T
PT

MR
QT

MC-1 MC-2 MC-T, MC-T = MR (QT )

(PT )

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MC-2

MC-1

MC-T
PT

MR
Q1

Q2

QT

MC-1=MC-2

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P = 120 3Q
MC1 = 10 + 20Q1 MC2 = 60 + 5Q2

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P = 120 3Q
MC1 = 10 + 20Q1 MC2 = 60 + 5Q2

1
MC1 = 10 + 20Q1 Q1 = 12 + 20
MC1
MC1 = 60 + 50Q2 Q2 = 12 + 15 MC2

Q = Q1 + Q2 = 12.5 + 0.25MCT MCT = 50 + 4Q

MR = MCT QT = 7, PT = 99
QT = 7 MCT = 50 + 4 7 = 78
1
Q1 = 21 + 20
MCT = 3.4
1
Q2 = 12 + 5 MCT = 3.6
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1.

2.

3.

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MC
Pm

Pc
d(AR)

MR
Q1
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Q2

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P = MC

P1

P2

P3

}
}
}
stage-1

stage-2

stage-3

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MC

Pb
Pa

Da+Db
MRa

Da

Mrb

Db

Qb

Qa

MRa+MRb
Qa+Qb

MRa = MRb = MRc = MC

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MRa = MRb = MRc
MRa > MRb b
a

MRa = MRb = MC
(
)
1
MRa = Pa 1
;
ed a
1
Pa
=
Pb
1

(
)
1
MRb = Pb 1
ed b

1
ed b
1
ed a

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P = 100 4q TC = 50 + 20q
P1 = 80 5q1 P2 = 180 20q2
TC = 50 + 20(q1 + q2 )

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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P = 100 4q TC = 50 + 20q
P1 = 80 5q1 P2 = 180 20q2
TC = 50 + 20(q1 + q2 )

P = 100 4q
TC = 50 + 20q
= TR TC = 100q 4q2 (50 + 20q)
d
dq = 100 8q 20 = 0
q = 10, p = 60, = 350

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P = 100 4q TC = 50 + 20q
P1 = 80 5q1 P2 = 180 20q2
TC = 50 + 20(q1 + q2 )

P1 = 80 5q1 P2 = 180 20q2

TC = 50 + 20(q1 + q2 )
= TR1 + TR2 TC
= 80q1 5q21 + 180q2 20q22 50 20(q1 + q2 )
d
dq1 = 80 10q1 20 = 0
d
dq2 = 180
q1 = 6, q2

40q2 20 = 0
= 4, P1 = 50, P2 = 100

= 450
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MC
P0

MC = MR
Ps

D=AR

AC
P1

MR
Q0

Q1

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AC

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

P0

AC

P1

MC
MR
Q0

Q1

D=AR
Q

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P > AC
P < AC

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Outline

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1.

2.

3.

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d D

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d1 ,
P1 P2

Q1 Q2
A B

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d1 ,
P1 P2
P1 P2
Q1 Q3
Q2

D
A H d1
d2
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D
D n1 (n
)
d D

d
D

d D

d D

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D
P
SMC
A

SAC

P1
P2

d1
d2

Mr 1
Mr 2

Q2

Q3 Q1

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

d1 D
A
A

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D
P
SMC
A

SAC

P1
P2

d1
d2

Mr 1
Mr 2

Q2

Q3 Q1

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

Q1

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D
P
SMC
A

P1

SAC
B

P2

d1
d2

Mr 1
Mr 2

Q2

Q3 Q1

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

C
Q2

d2
MR2

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D
P
SMC
A

P1

SAC
B

C
E

P2

d1
d2

Mr 1
Mr 2

Q2

Q3 Q1

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

C
A

MR2 = SMC

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d D
H

MR = SMC
E
Q P

,
( AVC
)

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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MR=LMC=SMC
AR=LAC=SAC
d
D

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1 E1
D d

ARSAC
LAC
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LAC

(QA Qc )

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(QA Qc )
(QA QB )

(QB QC )

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LMC

MC

Pc
Pn
P0

LAC

MC
AC
AR=MR=DD

AC
MR

AR

Qc
!"

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

MR

AR
Q0
%&#$

Qn
!"#$

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Outline

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 ()

AB
AB
AB

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 ()

-1
1
Q P1
2

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 ()

P1

(1/2)Q
(1/4)Q
0

Q1

Q2

-2 (1/2)Q,
1
Q
4

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 ()

P1
P2

(1/2)Q
0

(1/4)Q
Q2

Q1

(3/4)Q P2

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 ()

P1
P2

(1/2)Q

(1/4)Q
0

Q2

Q1

-1
(1/2)Q

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 ()

P1
P2

(3/8)Q

(1/4)Q
0

Q2

Q1

-1 -2 (1/4)Q,
(3/4)Q, (3/8)Q

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 ()

P3
P2

(3/8)Q

(1/4)Q
0

Q2

Q1

P3

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 ()

P3
P2

(3/8)Q

(1/4)Q
Q1

Q2

-1 (3/8)Q -2 (5/8)Q.

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 ()

P3
P2

(3/8)Q

(5/16)Q
Q1

Q2

-2 (5/16)Q

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 ()

-1
Q1 =

1 1
1
1

= Q
2 8 32
3

-1
Q2 =

1
1
1
1
+
+
+ = Q
4 16 64
3

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 ()

m
Qi =

1
Q
m+1

i m
m
Q
m+1

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 ()

-1 y1 -2 y2
(y1 + y2 ) P(y1 + y2 )
-1 TC1(y1 ) -2 TC2(y2 )

P(y1 + y2 )y1 TC1(y1 );

P(y1 + y2 )y2 TC2(y2 ).
-1
P (y1 + y2 )y1 + P(y1 + y2 ) MC1(y1 ) = 0

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 ()

-2 y2 = 0 -1 MR = MC
y1 = b1 (0)

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 ()

-2 y2 = y2 -1 MR = MC
y1 = b1 (y2 )

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-2 y2 -1

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 ()

-2 y2 -1 0

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 ()
-1 -2
-2

U AC

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 -
Qd = 10, 000 100P
40

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 -
Qd = 10, 000 100P
40
P = 100 0.01Q,
Qa , Qb
P = 100 0.01(Qa + Qb )
A TR = Qa [100 0.01(Qa + Qb )]
A MR = 100 0.02Qa 0.01Qb
A MR = MC
100 0.02Qa 0.01Qb = 40
A Qa = 3000 0.5Qb
B Qb = 3000 0.5Qa
Qa = Qb = 2000, P = 60.
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:
1 TC1 = 1.2Q21 + 2; 2
TC2 = 1.5Q22 + 8;
P = 100 Q, Q = Q1 + Q2
2 = TR2 TC2 = 100Q2 Q1 Q2 2.5Q22 8
2
Q2 = 100 Q1 5Q2 = 0 Q2 = 20 0.2Q1
1 = TR1 TC1 = [100 (Q1 + Q2 )]Q1 (1.2Q21 + 2),
Q2 = 20 0.2Q1
1 = 80Q1 2Q21 2
1
Q1 = 80 4Q1 = 0
Q1 = 20, Q2 = 16; P = 64
1 1 = 798, 2 2 = 632.

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1 2
1

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1
2
1 2 1
2

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:
1 TC1 = 1.2Q21 + 6; 2
TC2 = 1.5Q22 + 8;
Q = 100 0.5P
1 P 2
MC2 = P 3Q2 = P
2 S2 (P) : Q2 (P) = P/3
1 2
D1 (P) = (100 0.5P) P/3 = 100 56 P
P = 120 56 Q1 TR = P Q
MR1 = 120 12
5 Q1
MR1 = MC1 120 12
5 Q1 = 2.4Q1
Q1 = 25, P = 90, Q2 = 30
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SMC

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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Outline

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, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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LAC

LAC

, Department of Economics Tianjin University of Finance & Economics

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LAC

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P=LMC
P=LMC

P LMC

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