Anglo Saxon Schools Geopolitics SIR HALFORD JOHN MACKINDER Founding father of geopolitics and geostrategics Treated both

physical and human geography Founder of the Geographical Association 1899 Published Britain and the British Seas 1904 formulated the Heartland Theory: opposed the A. T. Mahan about the significance of navies He based his ideas on land power because at that time Great Britain had a better railroad system Heartland Theory He was high commissioner of South Africa, and so he developed the theory World Island (Europe, Asia and Africa) Offshore Islands (Brittish Isles and Japanese Islands) Outlaying Islands (North and South America and Australia) Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World Island; who rules the World Island commands the World Taken up by the German School of Geopolitik. Extremely critical of the German exploitation of his ideas Influential in the making of the US strategic policy during the period of the Cold War Great Game Intence rivalry between the British and Russian Empire to colonize Central Asia in 19th century British sought to control in much of Central Asia, to buffer the crown jewel of its empire Later on the Germans entered the dispute Anglo-Russian Convention 1907 ended the dispute. With the end of the Cold War ended it began the Great Game II

ALFRED T. MAHAN Naval officer and geostrategic master. His main concept is sea power. It was based on the idea that countries with greater naval power will have greater worldwide impact. Britain was an island and limited with natural resources, thats why they manage to acquire the most part of the world 1920 because of the strong fleet. One of his ideas proposed that navies should be modernized. His basic idea stated that sea power naval and commercial determined the greatness of a country Russia is no longer an enemy for the US, instead he is now considered a rival To keep the Soviets out To keep the Americans in To keep the Germans down The main rivals of the US: China and Russia The US became a big economic power in the 19th century. After the civil war the southern aricultural part wanted to dominate the northern industralized part Containment------> stop the expansion of the Soviets and communism Nuclear Detterence------> Mutual Assured Destruction First Strike--------> The US should have the technological capacity to strike first on the Soviets Second Strike--------> The US should be capable to resist a first strike from the Soviets and survive Flexible Responses----------> The US should have the capacity to attack the Soviets in a flexible capacity Ex. If the Soviets attack using conventional weapons, the US should have the enough amount of conventional weapons. DTENTE: Method used in international politics to ease tension between two countries through diplomacy. It was created because for the Soviets had no longer the economic means to sustain the ARMS RACE Suspencion de la Dtente Salt I and II Main Objectives of NATO

Rearme masivo Recrudecimiento de la Guerra Fra Strategic Defense Inatiative Support with the big corporation: Regan started to build strategic defence initiatives . New system of weapons to block the soviets attacks. Soviets were afraid because of its incapacity to build the same system. US----> suffering economic crisis = Tend to increase the military budget. This led to the current effect of economic situation. Eliminate the weapons and the end of Cold War. Consequence of the agreement --------> Fall of the Berlin Wall 21st Century Problem: No clear winner of the Cold War The US didnt defeted the Soviet Union it collapsed on its own Launching of new geopolitical ideas after Cold War El fin de la historia ------> Francis Fukuyama