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2013
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Non-Violence War, the 3rd Choice.

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2 Theodor Mommsen, The History of Rome, trans. William Purdie Dickson. rev, ed, (London: Richard
Bentley & Son, 1894), vol, 1, pp. 346-350. An excerpt appears in Mulford Q. Sibley, ed., The Quiet
Battle: Writings on the Theory and Practice of Non-violent Resistance (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday,
Anchor Books, 1963), pp. 108-110.

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Roberts, ed., Civilian Resistance as a National Defense: Nonviolent Action Against Aggression
(Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1968).
- Halperin, Germany Tried Democracy, pp. 246-260 and pp. 288-289.
- Eyke, A History of The Weimar Republic, vol. 1, pp. 232-306 passim.
1

Jeremy Bennett, "The Resistance During the German Occupation of Denmark 1940-5," in Roberts,
ed., Civilian Resistance as a National Defense, pp. 154-172; Br. Ed.: The Strategy of Civilian Defense,
pp. 154-177.
Warmbrunn, The Dutch Under German Occupation 1940-1945.

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2
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New York. Publication Year: 1961. Page Number: 14.
3
M. K. Gand, Non-Violent Resistance (Satyagraha). Publisher: Schocken Books. Place of Publication:
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4
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Russell B., Peace and Non-Violence in the west London, 1982, 2nd Ed., P. 51.

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- Sidney Harcave, First Blood: The Russian Revolution of 1905 (New York: Macmillan, 1964, and
London: Collier Macmillan, 1964).
- Solomon M. Schwartz, The Russian Revolution of 1905: The Workers Movement and the Formation
of Bolshevism and Menshevism, trans. by Gertrude Vakar, with a Preface by Leopold H. Haimson
(Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1967), esp. pp. 129-195.
- Richard Charques, The Twilight of Imperial Russia (London: Phoenix House, 1958), pp. 111-139.
- Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (New York: Random House, 1960, and
London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1960), pp. 63-70 and 75.
- Hugh Seton-Watson, The Decline of Imperial Russia, 1855-1914 (New York: Frederick A. Praeger
and London: Methuen & Co., 1952), pp. 219-260.
- Bertram D. Wolfe, Three Who Made a Revolution (New York: Dial Press, 1948, and London:
Thames and Hudson, 1956), pp. 278-336.
- Michael Prawdin, The Unmentionable Nechaev: A Key to Bolshevism (London: Allen and Unwin,
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- S. Gopal, The Viceroyalty of Lord Irwin, 1926 1931 (London: Oxford University Press, 1957), pp.
54-122.
- Ranganath R Diwaker, Satyagraha: Its Technique and History (Bombay: Hind Kitabs, 1946).
- T. K. Mahadevan, eds., Gandhi: His relevance for Our Times (Berkeley, Calif.: World Without War
Council, 1971, and New Delhi: Gandhi Peace Foundation, and Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,
1967).
Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, (St.
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"" .
.

1 :
- Wilfred Harris Crook, The General Strike, pp. 496-527.
- Goodspeed, The Conspirators, pp. 108-143.
- Halperin, Germany Tried Democracy, pp. 168-188.
- Eyke, A History of The Weimar Republic, vol. 1, pp. 129-160.

225

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1940 .
.
.
.
1940 1945
..
25 1940
..

:
.
.
.
1941
.
.
) ( .

226

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.
.
.

:
.
.
.
.
1942 ) (
) (

) (.

.
.

.

227

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20 1942
. .

.
.

.
" :
".

1 :
- Magne Skodvin, "Norwegian Nonviolent Resistance During the German Occupation," in Roberts, ed.,
Civilian Resistance as a National Defense, pp., 136-153; Br. Ed.: The Strategy of Civilian Defense, pp.
136-153.
- Tyranny Could Not Quell Them (pamphlet) (London: Peace News, 1958 and Later edition).
- Magnus Jensen, "Kampen om Skolen," in Sverre Steen, general editor, Norges Krig (Oslo: Gyldendal
Norsk Forlag, 1947-50), vol, III, pp. 73-105, and Sverre S. Amundsen, gen. Ed., Kirkenes Ferds, 1942
(Oslo: J.W. Cappelens Forlag, 1946).

228

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

1968

.
" "77 " " .
- - 1967/1/7 250


.


.
23
.

229

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.
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)(
1980 .

. 1956 1970
.1976 . 1976
.
""
- .

)( 30 .1978
.
1980 .
150
14 1980

230

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.
.
. 21

. .
22
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22 .
. 26
.
31 1980
.

.
17
" "
. 29 3
31 . 10
.

231

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1980 "" .
2 1981 "" . 19
.
"" 27
31
.
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13 ) ( .

.
.
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.1982 "" 1 31
1982 1984 "" . ""

. 30 1986
. ""
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.

232

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1988


.

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.
.

233

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4 1989 60
.
""

10 .1

.
" :
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Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, (St.
Martin's Press, 2000).

234

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.
.


.


.

.

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.

235

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236

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237

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238

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Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, (St.
Martin's Press, 2000).

239

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1931
.

.
.



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.
1944

.
200

240

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300
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242

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1944


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2

Ibid., p. 211.

2 :

- Mario Rosenthal, Guatemala: The Story of an Emergent Latin-American Democracy (New York:
Twayan Publishers, 1962), pp. 191-214.
- Ronald M. Schneider, Communism in Guatemala 1944-1945 (New York: Frederick A. Praeger,
1958), pp, 5-14.

243

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

100




.
-
- -
-


.

244

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!
1955

.

-
-



.
1941 1953
.

26 1956 30
25

245

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.
30 1965



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.
1956

246

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%90

.

) (SCLC 1957
.
1962

.
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) ( : :

"




-

247

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.



.

1960 32
175 1966 66 250
.


.

) ( 4 .1968

1 .

248

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1973

.
.


)
(.

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"" 73
.

.
) (
.

249

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

.

.

.




.


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250

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

.

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.

:
.1 .
.2 .
3 .

. .

251

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.
1985

) .
(.
) :
(.

.

.
.


.
.

:

252

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

.

.
1986
:
.


)(
.

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)(

253

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

" "

.
.
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.


.
:
)( )(
)(
.
:
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.

:
.
.

254

@sbra@@baNN@a@ly

.

.


.

Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, (St.
Martin's Press, 2000).

255

sbra@@baNN@a@ly@

"

256

sbra@@baNN@a@ly@

: :
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Gene Sharp, CivilianBased Defence: A Post-military Weapons System.
Princeton, New Jersey and London: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Gene Sharp, Creative conflict in Politics, (Extending Horizons Books, Porter
Sargent Publishers Inc., 1973).
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257

sbra@@baNN@a@ly@
Jeremy Bennett, "The Resistance During the German Occupation of Denmark
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Strategy of Civilian Defense.
Magnus Jensen, "Kampen om Skolen," in Sverre Steen, general editor, Norges
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259

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:
. .. .. .. 2/1
.1986
).(31 30 / 1
.
.1997
.1999

.1995 1

.
. " "
) : .(2005
. " ") :
.(2005
.
..
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A Force More Powerful (2000). York Zimmerman Inc./ WETA Washington, D.C.
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http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/parties.htm

http://www.otpor.com/

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http://www.sudanjem.com/2004/index.php
/http://liberalsudan.org/students ( )

261

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http://www.nfsl-libya.com/site/docs/index.php

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262

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.
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