By : 2. Anup Dutt Sharma (CH05B006) 3. Mayank Shende (CH05B055) 4.

Srikanth (CH05B059)

What is an ESP??? An electrostatic precipitator

(ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream.

Electrostatic

Principle behind ESP

Precipitators

function by electrostatically charging the dust particles in the gas stream. The charged particles are then attracted to and deposited on plates or other collection devices. When enough dust has accumulated, the collectors are shaken to dislodge the dust, causing it to fall with the force of gravity to hoppers below. The dust is then removed by a conveyor system for disposal or recycling.

Particles it can separate

Six activities typically take place:

Ionization - Charging of particles Migration - Transporting the charged particles to

the collecting surfaces

Collection - Precipitation of the charged particles

onto the collecting surfaces

Charge Dissipation - Neutralizing the charged

particles on the collecting surfaces

Particle Dislodging - Removing the particles from

the collecting surface to the hopper the hopper to a disposal point

Particle Removal - Conveying the particles from

Most Basic-The Plate Precipitator

The

most basic precipitator contains a row of thin wires, and followed by a stack of large flat metal plates, with the plates typically spaced about 1 cm apart. enough an electric discharge ionizes the air around the electrodes. Negative ions flow to the plates and charge the gasflow particles. ionized particles, following the negative electric field created by the power supply, move to the grounded plates.

If the applied voltage is high

The

Components
The major precipitator components that accomplish these activities are as follows
Discharge Electrodes Collecting plates Power Supply and controls Rapping Systems Hoppers and Dust Handling Flue Gas Conditioning

Discharge Electrodes - Discharge electrodes emit

charging current and provide voltage that generates an electrical field between the discharge electrodes and the collecting plates
Power supply and controls - The power supply

system is designed to provide voltage to the electrical field (or bus section) at the highest possible level.
Rapping Systems - Rappers are time-controlled

systems provided for removing dust from the collecting plates and the discharge electrodes
Hoppers and Dust Handling - Precipitator hoppers

are designed to completely discharge dust load on demand.

Types of ESP
Dry ESP

They are employed on hot process exhausts(250850F) that operate above the dew point of the gas stream.
Wet ESP

Wet ESP's are employed on exhausts that contain wet, sticky, tarry, tacky or oily particulates. Wet ESP uses a water flushing system to remove the particles from the collecting surface

 Gas flow rate

Parameters of operation

A precipitator operates best with a gas velocity of 3.5 5.5 ft/sec. At higher velocity, particle re-entrainment increases rapidly. If velocity is too low, performance may suffer from poor gas flow distribution or from particle dropout in the ductwork. Particle size: .

Particle resistivity

The higher the resistivity, the harder it is for a particle to transfer its electrical charge Gas temperature Change in temperature changes the electrical resistivity and also the choice of material for construction of the ESP. Interactions Particle size distribution and particle resistivity affect the cohesiveness of the layer of precipitated material on the collecting plates

Design considerations
Precipitator Size

When sizing the precipitator, it is important to provide a cross-section that will maintain an acceptable gas velocit Gas Velocity Distribution Improving gas velocity distribution in the precipitator reduces particle re-entrainment and boosts precipitator efficiency. Gas velocity distribution can be modified by using flow control devices and baffles Particle Re-entrainment Minimizing re-entrainment of dust particles is important to improvement of precipitator efficiency. Corona Power An optimum amount of power should be supplied

Advantages
Versatility-effective performance on a wide range of

industrial processes Low pressure loss- typically less than 1 bar Designs can be produced to cover a temperature range from ambient up to 850C Low maintenance requirements Electrostatic Precipitator can be installed on any existing wet scrubber installation

Disadvantages
It cant be used with materials explosive in nature. Gases passing through ESP should not contain

entrained droplets & any other sticky material. It works best for particles having resistivity ranging between moderate levels(108 to 1010 ohms-cm) During startup of the unit, warm exhaust gases enter the precipitator. This can cause the formation of water or water and acid droplets which could cause severe corrosion in the unit. (overcome by using a bypass) Toxic gases such as ozone and oxides of nitrogen may be produced by negatively charged discharge electrodes.

Gravity Settling Chambers Baffle Chamber Mechanical Collectors Particulate Wet Scrubbers Cyclone Separators Fabric Filters

Related Techniques

Comparison Between ESP and Other Technique

In a ESP the energy input works only on the

paticles being collected but not on the entire gas stream as in other separators An ESP can handle input streams at a higher temperature. ESPs have higher efficiency as compared to any

ESPs can operate more range of particles

than other separators.

Cost comparison

Bibliography
Applied Electrostatic Precipitation By K. R.

Parker www.neundorfer.com/support/knowledge-base www.ppcbio.com http://www.epa.gov/eogapti1/module6/matter/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_precip