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UNIT 5

Problems
1. The generator matrix (G) of a particular (7, 4) linear block code is given by G
1
= 1
0
1

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
0 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

i) Find the parity check matrix (H).


ii) List all the code vectors.
iii) compute the syndrome for the received vector 1101101. Is this a valid
code.
(16)
Solution :
i) List all the code vectors.
Code words.
X = DG
= [0000]
1
1
= [0000]
0
1
= [0000]

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
0 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

= 0000000

= [0001]

= 1100001

= [0010]

= 0110010

= [0011]

= 1010011

= [0100]

= 1010100

= [0101]

= 1100110

= [0110]

= 1100001

= [0111]

= 0000111

= [1000]

= 1111000

= [1001]

= 0011001

= [1010]

= 1001010

= [1011]

= 0101011

= [1100]

= 0101100

= [1101]

= 1001101

0
0
0
1

= 0000000,

= [1110]

= 0011110

= [1111]

= 1111111

= 1100001,

= 0110101,

= 0110010,

= 1100110,

= 1010011,

= 0000111,

= 0011001,

= 1001010,

= 0101011,

= 1001101,

= 0011110,

= 1111111

ii) The parity check matrix (P).


1
= 1
0
1

1
= 1
0
1

1
0
1
1

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
0 0

1
1
1
0

0
1
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
1
0
0

Given n = 7, K = 4 where
1 1
= 1 0
0 1
1 1
and
1
= 0
0
0
thus

=[

]=[

0
1
0
0

1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

]
1 0 0
= 0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1 0 1
= 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

0
0
1

= 1010100,

= 1111000,
= 0101100,

1
= 0
0

0 0
1 0
0 1

1
1
1

1
0
1

0 1
1 1
1 0

iii) Error detection:


Code vector received r = 1101101
The combination for error detection r.HT = 0
.
=0
100
0 1 0

0 0 1
[1101101] = 1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
= [0 1 0]
.
0
The code vector is not valid
2. The generator matrix (G) of a particular (7, 4) linear block code is given by G
1
= 1
1
1

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

i) Find the parity check matrix (P).


ii) List all the code vectors.
iii) compute the syndrome for the received vector 1101101. Is this a valid
code.
(16)
Solution :
i) List all the code vectors.
Code words.
X = DG
= [0000]
1
1
= [0000]
1
1
= [0000]
= [0001]
= [0010]

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

= 0000000
= 1110001
= 1110010

0
0
0
1

= [0011]
= [0100]
= [0101]
= [0110]
= [0111]
= [1000]
= [1001]
= [1010]
= [1011]
= [1100]
= [1101]
= [1110]
= [1111]

= 0000011
= 1010100
= 0100101
= 0100110
= 1010111
= 1111000
= 0001001
= 0001010
= 1111011
= 0101100
= 1011101
= 1011110
= 1111111

= 0000000, = 1110001, = 1110010, = 0000011, = 1010100,


= 0100101, = 0100110, = 1010111, = 1111000,
= 0001001,
= 0001010,
= 1111011,
= 0101100,
= 1011101,
= 1011110,
= 1111111
ii) The parity check matrix (P).
1
= 1
1
1

1
= 1
1
1

1
0
1
1

1
0
1
1

1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0

1
1
1
1

0
1
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
1
0
0

Given n = 7, K = 4 where
1 1
= 1 0
1 1
1 1
and
1
= 0
0
0
thus

=[

]=[

0
1
0
0

1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

0
0
1

1
= 0
0
1
= 1
1
1
1
= 1
1
1 0 0
= 0 1 0
0 0 1

0
1
0

0
0
1

1 1
0 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
0 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1

iii) Error detection:


Code vector received r = 1101101
The combination for error detection r.HT = 0
.
=0
100
0 1 0

0 0 1
[1101101] = 1 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
= [0 1 1]
.
0
The code vector is not valid
3. The generator matrix (G) of a particular (7, 4) linear block code is given by G
1
= 1
1
1

1
0
1
0

1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

i) Find the parity check matrix (P).


ii) List all the code vectors.
iii) compute the syndrome for the received vector 1101101. Is this a valid
code.

Solution :
i) List all the code vectors.
Code words.
X = DG

- 8marks
= [0000]
1
1
1
1

= [0000]

1
0
1
0

1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0

= [0000]
= [0001]
= [0010]
= [0011]
= [0100]
= [0101]
= [0110]
= [0111]
= [1000]
= [1001]
= [1010]
= [1011]
= [1100]
= [1101]
= [1110]
= [1111]

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

= 0000000
= 1010001
= 1110010
= 0100011
= 1010100
= 0000101
= 0100110
= 1110111
= 1111000
= 0101001
= 0001010
= 1011011
= 0101100
= 1111101
= 1011110
= 0001111

= 0000000, = 1010001, = 1110010, = 0100011, = 1010100,


= 0000101, = 0100110, = 1110111, = 1111000,
= 0101001,
= 0001010,
= 1011011,
= 0101100,
= 1111101,
= 1011110,
= 0001111
ii) The parity check matrix (P).

- 4marks
1 1 1 1
= 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0

1
= 1
1
1
Given n = 7, K = 4 where

1
0
1
0

1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

0
0
1

1
= 1
1
1

1
0
1
0

1
1
1
1

and
1
= 0
0
0
thus

=[

]=[

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

]
1
= 0
0
1
= 1
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0

1 1
= 1 0
1 1
1 0 0
= 0 1 0
0 0 1
iii) Error detection: `- 4marks
Code vector received r = 1101101
The combination for error detection r.HT = 0
.

1
1
1

0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
1
0
1

1 1
1 0
1 1

=0
100
0 1 0

0 0 1
[1101101] = 1 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
1 0 1
= [0 0 1]
.
0

The code vector is not valid

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