INDEX

Accum, Friedrich, 4, 184

attacked by practical brewers, 12932,
148, 164, 175, 209
influence on literature, 147, 183
Treatise on Adulterations, 10910,
1289, 144
Treatise on the Art of Brewing, 144, 154
Adams, George, 54
Addison, Joseph, 72
Addison, Richard, 36
additives, 1178, 127, 175, 179, 2015
see also adulteration; colouring; heading
mixture; fining; preservatives; sugar;
unmalted grain
Admiralty, Board of, 69
adulteration, 42, 106, 10733, 113, 150,
173, 191, 207
poisoning narratives, 10911, 11416,
12832, 148, 174, 1836, 18990,
201
see also malt and hops purity argument
alchemy, 5, 7, 14, 22
alcohol
as basis of drinks valuation, 85, 978,
1404
as chemical principle, 1412, 147, 150,
152
by volume scale, 144
content in beer, 97100, 136, 1414,
183
lost in brewing process, 178
ale
Derby, 41
Burton, 41, 93, 98, 99
pale, 179
Windsor, 103

Allan, Alexander, 143, 147

Allix, William, 49
Allsopp (ale brewery, Burton), 182, 1846,
197
Allsopp, Henry, 1846, 187, 195
analysis, chemical
and adulteration, 128
practical brewers objections to, 72
promoted by Humphrey Jackson, 62,
657, 82
source of expert authority, 126, 131, 147
and sugar chemistry, 121, 1778, 1945
training for brewers, 190, 208
analysts
consulting, 55, 163, 174, 175, 176, 189,
190, 1978, 212
public, 18991
Andersons Institution, Glasgow, 147
Annals of Philosophy, 1445, 147, 149,
1512, 153
anonymous authorship, 78, 26, 525, 65
Appleby, John, 71
apprenticeships in brewing, 12, 22, 23, 41,
108
Armstrong, Henry Edward, 211
Ashmole, Elias, 14
Atkins, Robert, 54
attemperator see temperature, apparatus to
regulate

Copyright
Bacon, Francis, 13, 28, 79, 209
Bailey, Nathan, 20
Baldwin and Cradock (publishers), 161
Banks, Joseph, 2, 4, 6970, 141, 144
Barber Beaumont, John, 113, 126
Barclay Perkins (porter brewery, London),
70, 107, 126

283

284

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

Barclay, Charles, 113

Barclay, George, 1112, 115
Barker, John, 42
barley, 23, 28, 45, 90, 116, 13740, 1456,
148, 1524
see also malt; unmalted grain
Bass (ale brewery, Burton), 182, 1856
Bass, Michael, 184, 195
Baverstock, James B. (17411815), 84,
1003, 105, 106, 1501, 152, 154, 155
Baverstock, James Hinton (17851837),
148, 152
Beale, John, 13, 14, 29
beer
strong, 19, 23, 92, 108
small, 19, 92, 108, 149
table, 92
see also ale; brewers; brewing; porter
beer doctors, 107, 1146, 130, 174
Behan, Brendan, 2
Bent, William, 150
Bentham, Samuel, 52
Beresford, John, 67
Berkeley, George, 61
Berzelius, Jns Jacob, 146, 190
Best, James, 56, 64, 67, 118
bigg, 13740
Biot, Jean-Baptiste, 153
Birkbeck, George, 166
Black, Joseph, 50, 138
Black, William, 178, 184, 18990, 198, 210
on additives, 201
on popularity of John Richardson, 105
promotes diastase discovery, 154
and chemical authority, 1545, 157,
1637, 176, 181, 1878
background, 163
electrical theory of fermentation,
1646, 2001
Blagden, Charles, 141
Blair, David (pseudonym, Richard Phillips),
168
Blake, George, 53, 734, 756, 78, 80, 81,
104, 130, 168
Bleak House (Dickens novel), 186
Boerhaave, Herman, 21, 38, 40, 41, 42, 51,
53, 65

interpreted by Michael Combrune, 31,

33, 4250, 146, 212
marginalized as chemical authority, 50
promotes thermometers, 37, 42
Boileau, Nicolas, 72
booksellers as distributors, 59, 77, 81, 87
Booth, David, 152, 15863, 164, 170, 178,
194, 203
Bttinger, Henry, 182, 1845, 187
family, 195
Boulton, Matthew, 2, 125
Boyle, Robert, 13, 14, 28, 45, 59, 209
Boys, Jeffrey, 12, 1820, 223, 27, 108, 163
Bradley, Richard, 20
Brakspear, Robert, 71
Brande, William Thomas, 4, 1434, 145,
147, 168
family, 128
Brereton, William (Lord Brereton), 121
brewers
chemically trained see chemistry, brewing
chemists
consulting, 557, 5960, 7182, 102,
121, 1589, 161, 1637, 16976,
189, 1978, 200, 21011
country trade, 41, 64, 73, 80, 91, 103,
111, 118, 175
large-scale and wholesale (common brewers), 1112, 228, 38, 108, 163
see also porter; Burton upon Trent
London trade, 27, 146
see also porter
quantitative expertise, 2, 36, 52
small-scale and retail (brewing victuallers), 1112, 108
social status, 1215, 236, 33, 4950,
63, 72, 80, 108, 157, 1656, 168
see also brewing; trade knowledge
Brewers Company (London guild), 22, 33,
41, 478, 61
brewers druggists see drugs
brewers engineers, 55, 1589, 163, 1715,
187, 189
Brewers Guardian, 1823, 1901, 193,
196200
Brewers Journal, 1823, 18891, 196201,
2024, 211, 212
brewers pound see pound per barrel

Copyright

Index
brewhouse, as managerial regime, 19, 236,
54, 75, 113, 115, 1647, 200, 210
brewing victuallers see brewing, small-scale
commercial
brewing
commercial see brewers
domestic and private, 2, 1112, 15,
1820, 223, 27, 111, 118, 153, 158,
174, 207, 208
process defined, 1518
science, disciplinary identity of
see science; chemistry, brewing chemists
British Association for the Advancement of
Science, 1656, 176, 179
British National Brewing Company, 174
Brougham, Henry (Lord Brougham),
15961
Brown, Adrian, 182, 204, 208
Brown, Horace Tabberer, 1823, 187,
199200, 204, 21112
Brown, William Henry Robert, 124
Brydges, James see Chandos, Duke of
Bud, Robert, 176, 178
Burton upon Trent
eighteenth-century production see ale,
Burton
as nineteenth-century industrial and
scientific centre, 1827
Bushnan, J. Stevenson, 184, 186
Butcher, James, 124
Buxton, Thomas Fowell, 104

285

Chemical Society, 159, 1769, 182, 188,

193, 196, 211
Journal, 182, 193
chemistry
authority and social respectability, 658,
72, 74, 107, 1256, 131, 1459,
1589, 1627, 16871, 1735, 178,
186, 188, 200, 201, 205
brewing chemists, community of, 157,
177, 179, 1813, 2112
chemists as instructors to brewers, 609,
74, 76
see also Jackson, Humphrey
commercial (Peter Shaw), 2831, 33,
423
vs druggists, 109, 123, 126
industrial, 1769, 1913, 195, 200
literature, influence on brewery writing,
334, 417, 7982, 83, 14955,
16379
professionalization, 133, 1449, 155,
1578, 181, 209, 211
pure vs applied research, 166, 1812,
1913
as source of suspicion, 107, 115, 1213,
130
Chesterfield, Earl of (Philip Stanhope), 43
Child, Samuel, 110111, 1301
Cholmley, John, 15
Chomel, Nol, 20
cider, 1314
City and Guilds of London Institute, 192,
211
Clarke, Charles, 186
Clarke, John, 40, 86, 93, 946, 97, 104, 106,
141
Clarke, Timothy, 14
clerks, brewhouse, 236
Coates, Thomas, 161
Cobbett, William, 115, 149
cocculus indicus, 110, 115, 116, 120, 121,
126, 131
Cock, Simon, 127
Cole, Benjamin, 87
colouring, 149
from sugar see sugar, as colouring
from malt, 127
Colquhon, Agnes, 143

Copyright

Calvert family (brewers, Hertfordshire and

London), 23, 124
Cambridge, University of, 20
Campbell, Dugald, 190, 197
Candidus (anonymous correspondent,
Political Register), 1501, 154
carbonic acid gas, 3, 141, 154, 172, 194
see also fixed air
Chambers, Ephraim, 37, 38
Chandos, Duke of ( James Brydges), 34
Chapman, Alfred Chaston, 209
Chapman, Allan, 2
Charleton, Walter, 14
Chelsea Physic Garden, 34
Chemical and Agricultural College, Kennington, 174

286

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

Combe (porter brewery, London), 104, 120

Combe, Harvey, 1112
Combrune, Michael, 9, 31, 59, 60, 70, 84,
121
background, 412
as consultant, 567
early thermometric investigations, 423
Essay on Brewing, 33, 436, 479, 51, 52
philosophical aspirations, 4950, 157
reception of his work, 506, 66, 75, 76,
79, 83, 85, 145, 146, 155, 172
retirement and last years, 51
Theory and Practice of Brewing, 8, 33,
4653, 212
common brewers see brewing, large-scale and
wholesale
consultancy, 35
consultants see analysts, consulting; brewers,
consulting; brewers engineers; chemistry, chemists as instructors to brewers
Cook (brewer, Isle of Wight), 73
Cook, James, 6970
Cooper, John Thomas, 176
copperas (ferrous sulphate), 110, 121, 131
Cotton, John Hynde, 23, 246
Country Brewers Society, 190, 197
country house brewing see brewing, domestic
Coventry, Andrew, 13844
Cox, Charles, 15
credibility, 17, 34, 1467, 159, 205,
20712
paradoxes of see paradox of experiment;
paradox of the trade writer
Crowson, John, 174
Cruickshank, Isaac, 116

diastase, 1534, 163, 171, 173, 178, 193,

204
Dicas, John, 94, 101, 105
Digby, Kenelm, 11, 16
Dircks, Henry, 174
Directions on Brewing (anonymous treatise,
1700) see Boys, Jeffrey
Distillers Company, 62
distilling
industry, relationship to beer-brewing,
29, 85, 989, 1423, 151, 153, 200,
212
philosophical enquiry into, 14, 21, 29,
99, 1378
taxation see Excise
as technique for assessing strength of
beer, 656, 91, 97100, 1414, 151
use of malt, 13743
see also hydrometer
Dobson, John, 86
Dobson, Matthew, 86, 99
Dodsley, Robert, 43
Dollond, John, 49
Donovan, Michael, 158, 1613, 164, 167,
1723, 187, 212
Douglas, Mary, 108
Dring, John, 104
drugs, 107, 10910, 113, 164, 175, 183
brewers druggists, 11427, 12931,
186, 201
see also beer doctors; chemistry, vs
druggists
drunkenness see intoxication
Dublin Philosophical Journal, 148
Dublin Society for Improving Husbandry,
Manufactures and other Useful Arts
and Sciences, 2930, 38, 567, 78
Dubrunfaut, Augustin-Pierre, 154, 194
Duflos, Adolf, 177

Copyright
Dallowe, Timothy, 37, 50
Dalton, John, 141
Daux, James, 26
Davy, Humphry, 4, 107, 109, 1256, 147,
165, 167, 176
Dawson, Thomas, 64
de Coetlogon, Denis, 22
density see gravity
Desaguliers, John Theophilus, 34, 42, 86
dextrin(e), 1534, 1936, 197, 201, 203
dextrin-maltose (patent synthetic sugar),
1956, 201

Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1467

Edinburgh Review, 160
Edinburgh, University of, 138
Einhof, Heinrich, 146, 148
electrical action see fermentation, role of
electricity
Elliot, John, 129
Ellis, John, 70

Index
Ellis, Richard, 27
Ellis, William, 11, 268, 31, 41, 545, 65,
75, 79, 209
see also London and Country Brewer
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 52, 105, 123,
1357, 1449, 152, 155, 162
Encyclopaedia Edinensis, 146
engineers see brewers engineers
England
comparisons with Irish practice, 2930,
67
comparisons with Scottish practice, 51,
13740, 160, 164
Englands Interest (anonymous improvement
miscellany), 20
essentia bina see sugar, as colouring
Everard (brewer, Kings Lynn), 73
Every Man His Own Brewer (pamphlet,
c. 1790) see Child, Samuel
Every Man His Own Brewer (treatise, 1768),
53
Excise
and beer purity, 114, 202
vs brewers, 912
use of chemists and philosophical consultants, 123, 13543, 185, 202
Scottish and English regimes, 13740
spirits hydrometry, 856, 934, 100,
136, 1404
surveillance and enforcement, 24, 36, 92,
107, 113, 11920, 1247, 129, 153
taxation (duty) regimes, 23, 23, 29,
106, 108, 111, 114, 116, 119, 137,
144, 149, 153, 160, 164, 1845, 192,
2025
vs Treasury, 11820, 124
experimentation, 19, 40, 45, 50, 72, 1769,
211
vs experience, 75, 167
see also paradox of experiment

287

Faulkner, Frank, 181, 183, 196204, 207,

210, 212
Ferguson, William, 1767
fermentation, 3, 80
Boerhaavian account, 21
forcing tray, 199
John Richardsons theory of, 989
microbial account, 10, 1923, 1989,
201, 212
process in brewing, 17, 67, 118, 121, 150,
172, 178, 207
role of electricity, 1647, 200
role of heat, 42, 523
sugar chemistry of, 1412, 147, 1514
see also fixed air, carbonic acid gas
fining (clarification of beer), 47
using fish products see isinglass
using other materials, 28, 64
fixed air, 3, 69, 99100, 141
see also carbonic acid gas
Folkes, Martin, 42, 49
Fox, Charles James, 1112
France
French vs British brewing methods, 199
French vs German technical prowess,
1923
French-language chemical literature, 52,
147, 148, 1524, 177, 193, 1989
Frankland, Edward, 182, 195
free mash-tun (1880 legislative regime),
2015, 21112
free trade lobby, 113, 183, 2025
Freemasonry, 42
Furze, John, 1789

Copyright

Fabbroni, Giovanni, 1434

Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel see thermometer,
Fahrenheit scale
Faraday, Michael, 127, 166
Farey, John, Jr, 1467
Farmers Magazine, 7, 140

Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis, 143, 146

Gentlemans Magazine, 478
George II, King, 43
George III, King, 128
Germany
German vs British brewing methods, 173,
185, 190, 192, 201
German-language chemical literature, 52,
105, 128, 147, 177, 193
see also Liebig, Justus von; Giessen,
University of
Giessen, University of, 166, 1812, 185,
187, 191, 200

288

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

Gillray, James, 1112, 115

Gilpin, George, 141
gin, 989
Gladstone, William, 203, 208
Glasgow, University of, 135, 147
Golden Lane Brewery, 104, 114, 1247
Golinski, Jan, 378
Goodwyn, Henry Jr (17401824)
Goodwyn, Henry Sr (17131805), 23, 40
Graeme, William, 42
Graham, Charles, 1913, 198, 201, 203,
209, 210
Graham, Thomas, 1545, 1657, 178, 181,
1845, 190
grains of paradise, 118, 120
gravity
as basis for wort assessment, 66, 85,
912, 94100, 1056, 141, 146,
1502, 203
estimates from spirit content, 1845
standard values, 92, 203
see also hydrometer; hydrostatic beam
balance; saccharometer
Greenall Whitley (brewers, St Helens), 197
Grenville, William (Lord Grenville), 1112
Griess, Peter, 182
Guinness, 57, 211

sensory judgment, 36, 91

see also malt, role of heat in production;
mashing, role of heat; fermentation,
role of heat; thermometer
Heidelberg, University of, 191
Henry, Thomas, 99
Henry, Thomas Hetherington, 1767
Heron, John, 182
Hill, Abraham, 11, 13, 14
Hind family (brewers, London), 15
Hirsch, Adolf, 177
Hitchcock, Thomas, 172, 175
Hofmann, August von, 1812, 1846,
1956, 211
Holinshed, Raphael, 16
Hooke, Robert, 11, 13
Hooper, Egbert Grant, 208
Hope, Thomas, 13844
hops, 20, 31, 467, 62, 76, 115, 189
boiling process, 1619, 22, 67, 152, 169
cultivation, analysis and extraction, 30,
38, 66, 72, 177, 179
duty, 202
prepared extract see humuline
substitutes, 201, 202
see also quassia; wormwood
unfamiliarity to non-brewers, 15
see also malt and hops purity argument
House of Commons see Parliament
house-brewing see brewing, domestic
Household Words, 15
Huguenots, 41, 42, 49, 56
Hull Literary and Philosophical Society,
86, 99
Hume, Joseph, 127
humuline, 186, 1878
Hunt, Henry, 114
Hunter, John, 70
hydrometer
in brewing, 84, 86, 934, 1003, 104,
1502
in the distillery, 856, 934, 97, 1404
as heat gauge, 40
see also saccharometer
hydrostatic beam balance, 66, 97

Copyright
Haberkorn, Johann Christian, 49
hack literature, 78, 278, 12931, 1457,
148, 162, 187
Hales, Stephen, 80, 83
Halsey, Edmund, 24
Ham, John, 1512, 153, 158, 160, 164, 172,
178, 2023
Hansen, Emil Christian, 191
Harcourt, Simon, 11, 27
Hardwicke, Earl of (Philip Yorke), 49
Harris, John, 15
Harris, Thomas, 104
Harrison, Marion, 16
Harrison, William, 1617, 116
Hartlib, Samuel, 13, 1201
Hassall, Arthur Hill, 183
Hayman, E. N., 172
heading mixture, 110, 118, 122
heat
in Michael Combrunes theories, 4252

Imlay, Gilbert, 127

import substitution, 2831, 61, 68, 126

Index
Institutes of Brewing, 204, 209
instructors see brewers, consulting; chemistry, chemists as instructors to brewers
instrumentation see hydrometer; saccharometer; thermometer
intoxication, 98100
Ireland
improvement agenda, 2930, 67
porter production, 567
Irvine, William, 154
isinglass
true (sturgeon), 68, 118
substitutes, 614, 69, 1246
see also fining
Jackson, Humphrey, 4, 9, 57, 60, 79, 84, 94,
97, 148
on adulteration controversies, 121
collapse of reputation, 701, 91, 109,
1223, 129, 136, 209
instructor and consultant to brewers,
628, 78, 100, 101, 1212
manufactures isinglass substitute, 61
subject of parody, 713, 76, 82, 90, 122,
199
timber project and naval patronage,
6870
Jackson, Mary or Maria (wife of Humphrey),
62, 63
James, Robert, 61, 63
Jefferson, Thomas, 52, 56
Johnson, Samuel, 63, 70, 122
Joule, James Prescott, 1578

289

vs brewhouse, 64, 76, 80, 81, 85, 90, 136,

13840, 142, 149, 155, 183, 193,
199, 200, 211
as source of authoritative experimental
data, 66, 1656, 181, 202, 210
Lancet, 1836, 207
Lardner, Dionysius, 1612
Lavoisier, Antoine, 36, 147
oxygen-caloric theory, 141, 168
Lawrence, Christopher, 69
Leeuwenhoek, Antoine van, 154
Levesque, John, 54, 78, 172, 187
Lewis, William, 22, 65
Lexicon Technicum, 15
Liberal Party, 2024
Library of Useful Knowledge see Society for
the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
Liebig, Justus von, 166, 173, 176, 179, 181,
1856, 190, 192, 198200
Linnaeus, Carl, 27
liquor (water for brewing), 17, 19, 21, 66,
72, 118, 190
liquor as shibboleth term, 27
liquorice, 110, 115, 118, 120
Literary Gazette, 131, 166
Liverpool College of Chemistry, 187
Loch, David, 51
London and Country Brewer (treatise), 268,
37, 40, 52, 545, 75
see also Ellis, William
London Encyclopaedia, 147
London Literary Gazette see Literary Gazette
London Review, 723
London, University of, 160, 162, 165, 166,
176, 191
Long, John, 67, 734, 75, 76, 789, 80, 130,
172
Lyon, F. W., 190, 197, 200
Lyttle, William, 196

Copyright

Kalm, Pehr, 278

Keith, George Skene, 1378, 140, 141
King, Erasmus, 612
King, John Glen, 49
Kirchhoff, Gottlieb Sigismund, 154
Klein, Ursula, 4
Kwas see Quassi
Laboratory Club, 204
Laboratory of the Government Chemist,
185
laboratory
on brewery premises, 1823, 200

MacBride, David, 69, 99

Macdonald, Archibald, 1256
Maison Rustique (sixteenth-century miscellany), 1617
Malins, Joseph, 127
malt, 6, 14, 19, 212, 30, 1778, 211
brown vs pale, 20, 1056, 11920
duty, 13740, 114, 149, 153, 2023, 208

290

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

extract, concentrated, 69, 71, 122, 174

extract, gravimetric determination see
gravity
malting process defined, 1516
vs other materials, 121, 149, 1503
roasted (patent), 127, 173
role of heat in production, 35, 40, 457,
50
sugars of, 66, 74, 81, 85, 978, 1056,
136, 1412, 155, 192
see also saccharine principle; mucilage;
dextrin(e); maltose
volume, as basis for strength assessment,
85, 97, 139
malt and hops purity argument, 109,
11420, 121, 122, 124, 149, 153, 162,
175, 194, 202
vs brewing without malt or hops, 115,
120, 122
maltose, 1946
maltsters, 91, 127, 14950
Manchester Literary and Philosophical
Society, 86
Manners and Co (London brewery), 178
manuscript directions, 16, 56, 78, 93, 158,
160
Marburg, University of, 182
Markham, Gervase, 18, 19, 212
Martin, Benjamin, 49, 53, 54, 62, 70, 87,
97, 103
and brewery hydrometry, 86, 934, 100,
106
Martineau, John, 104, 151
mashing process, 1617, 19, 1501, 1678,
204
de-restriction of ingredients see free
mash-tun
role of heat, 27, 356, 467, 48, 524,
756, 152, 1534, 171, 1778, 194,
207
saccharometric management, 90
Mason College, Birmingham, 204
Mathias, Peter, 40, 47
Maty, Matthew, 42, 43, 49, 51
Mawbey, Joseph, 110
mechanics institutes, 166, 179
Mechanics Magazine, 1734, 188
medical literature on drink, 201

Medical Times and Gazette, 1846

Merceron, Joseph, 113
Merret, Christopher, 11, 13, 14
Meux Reid (porter brewery, London),
1267, 129, 177
Meux, Henry, 120
Meux, Thomas, 127
microbiology see fermentation, microbial
account of
microscope, 1923, 199200, 208
Millar, James, 147
Miller, Philip, 28, 34, 38, 49
Mills, John, 50, 66
The Mindful Hand (2007 edited volume),
34
monopolies, 12, 63, 64, 78, 846, 93, 101,
1046, 109, 111, 114, 119, 126, 196,
207, 210
Monthly Journal of Medical Science, 186
Monthly Review, 47, 64, 103
Moore, Jonas, 20
Moray, Robert, 1112, 14, 22
More, Samuel, 103
Morning Post, 116
Morrice, Alexander, 8, 131, 146
Mortimer, Cromwell, 40, 52
Mortimer, John, 12, 20, 121
mucilage, 1502, 154
Murdock, William, 1256
Murray, John, 168
Muspratt, Sheridan, 1878, 190, 201
Mylne, Robert, 70

Copyright
Ngeli, Carl, 212
Napier, Macvey, 1447, 155
Nesbit, John Collis, 174, 191
Neumann, Caspar, 65
Newbery, John, 61, 634
Newton, Isaac, 14
Nicholson, William, 128, 168
Noorthouck, John, 47, 51, 83, 103
nux vomica, 116, 179

OSullivan, Cornelius, 182, 1937, 201, 212

OSullivan, James, 182
original gravity see gravity
Oxford, University of, 200

Index
paradox of experiment, 67, 1623, 167,
16971, 1878, 21011
paradox of the trade writer, 56, 278, 55,
91, 101, 162, 189, 20911
Parkes, Samuel, 168
Parliament
brewery representation in, 15, 23,
11013, 124
Commons enquiries into barley and bigg
quality, 13844, 146, 148, 150, 151,
155
Commons enquiries into public houses
and beer quality, 107, 113, 126, 129,
147
and free mash-tun legislation, 2025
Parsons, Humphrey, 24
partial disclosure strategy, 5964, 77, 102,
121, 171, 209
Pasteur, Louis, 10, 183, 1924, 198201,
21112
patent malt see malt, roasted
patents, 67, 69, 71, 73, 127, 1456, 147,
158, 1716, 186, 187, 189, 1946,
1978, 201, 210
Payen, Anselme, 1534, 184
Pepper, John Henry, 186
periodical literature
brewing trade, 1823, 18891, 197201,
2024, 208
general and reviewing, 4751, 64, 723,
778, 1023, 128, 131, 14952, 166,
188
scientific, 159, 175, 1779, 182, 1901,
1936, 208
Perkins, Frederick, 107
Perkins, John, 70
Persoz, Jean-Franois, 1534
Petty, Lord Henry, 1112
Pharmaceutical Society, 185
Philips (unidentified associate of Abraham
Hill), 11
Phillips, Richard, 168
philosophical authority, 1, 4, 11, 1315,
2831, 335, 4752, 55, 56, 5960,
1489 see also chemistry, authority and
social respectability; science; theory/
practice divide
Philosophical Transactions, 107, 123, 143

291

Piesse, Septimus, 1778

Piozzi, Hester see Thrale, Hester
Platt, Harold, 10
Ploughman, William, 81
Plumer, Thomas (Solicitor General), 1246
poisoning see adulteration
Political Register, 14950
Pontifex and Sons (brewers engineers), 189
porter, 62, 77, 98, 99, 123
emulation outside London, 51, 557, 75,
93, 109, 163
large-scale industrialization and dominant great eleven breweries, 22, 108,
111, 113, 129
London product, 223, 27, 467, 53, 61,
105, 10720, 1247
potato beer, 153
Potyomkin, Grigory, 52
pound per barrel (brewers pound), 83, 87,
91, 97, 104, 141, 143, 161, 203
vs dry weight of extract, 105, 143, 203
Practical Brewer (anonymous 1775 pamphleteer) see Richardson, John
practical brewer rhetoric, 34, 60, 72,
759, 102, 12930, 136, 1456,
1607, 170, 198, 20910
see also trade knowledge; theory/practice
division
preservatives, 199, 204
Priestley, Joseph, 99
Pringle, John, 69
print
credibility problems, 5, 78
growing accessibility, 159
and non-trade audiences, 18
printing by subscription, 146, 16970,
171
see also hack literature; periodical literature; private instruction, by private
printing; treatises; readerships
private instruction
by manuscript see manuscript directions
by personal attendance see brewers,
consulting; chemistry, chemists as
instructors to brewers
by private printing, 623, 16970
see also trade secrecy
publicans, 108, 111, 114, 129, 130, 144

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292

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

see also brewers, small-scale and retail

Punch, 186, 207
pure beer see malt and hops purity argument
Pycroft, John, 24
Pyecraft (brewer, Goodwyns, 1760s), 234
Quarterly Journal of Science, 144, 148
Quarterly Review, 131
Quassi (Kwas; Kwasmukmba), 1112
quassia, 11012, 114, 115, 122, 131, 149,
179
Quin, Matthew, 101, 104
Quincy, John, 20, 22, 28
Ramsbottom, Richard and John, 103
Ranelagh, Viscountess see Jones, Katherine
Raspail, Franois-Vincent, 154
readerships, 48, 156, 19, 268, 523
commercial brewers, 84, 903, 97,
1301, 16770, 1889, 197
of gentlemanly journals see periodical
literature, general and reviewing
working-class, targeted by SDUK, 1603
Reddington, William, 31, 36, 37, 79, 934
Redwood, Theophilus, 185
Reed, William, 188, 190
Reid (porter brewery, London) see Meux
Reid
Reynoldson, John, 97, 1492
Richardson, Archibald, 138
Richardson, John, 9, 60, 129, 130, 142, 143
brewing career, 801, 86, 105
directions in manuscript, 78, 93, 160,
169
instructor and consultant to brewers, 71,
77, 102, 105
vs James Baverstock, 1003
Practical Brewer pamphlet vs Humphrey Jackson, 714, 79, 86, 90, 94,
122, 196, 199
promotes Excise reform, 913, 14950,
153, 160, 164, 203
reception and influence, 83, 1046, 119,
141, 1456, 148, 153, 158, 160, 163,
168, 1723, 192, 203, 20910
scientific rhetoric, 7982, 90, 1023,
105, 123, 165

Statical Estimates, 83100, 1046

Theoretic Hints, 779, 82, 86, 90, 98,
102, 105
see also saccharometer
Richardson, Philetus, 105
Rigby, Edward, 812
Roberts, Gerrylynn, 178, 181
Roberts, Lissa, 36
Roberts, W. H., 172
Ronalds, Henry, 127
Rouelle, Guillaume-Franois, 99, 1434
Royal College of Chemistry, 1812, 1856,
195, 200
Royal Dublin Society see Dublin Society for
Improving Husbandry, Manufactures
and other Useful Arts and Sciences
Royal Institution, 107, 125, 128
Royal Society, 9, 1115, 20, 2830, 40, 42,
4950, 51, 6970, 78, 1201, 123,
141, 143, 211
Royal Society of Arts see Society for the
Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce
rule of thumb, 91, 203, 212

Copyright

saccharine principle (malt extract), 66,

1412, 1502, 207
see also maltose
saccharometer
cost, 87
debate over significance of reading,
1502, 192
distinguished from hydrometer, 937,
1013, 104
general acceptance by brewers, 1046,
201
influence on malt preferences, 1056
legislative acceptance, 203
name, 96, 104
origins, 87, 93, 97, 145
proprietary patterns
Booth, 161
Dring and Fage, 104, 143
RichardsonTroughton, 83106
ThomsonAllan, 143, 147, 152, 161,
172
Tizard, 172
used by distillers, 143

Index
see also hydrometer
Salt (ale brewery, Burton), 182
salt of tartar, 115, 126, 129
Salusbury, Hester see Thrale, Hester
satire, 714, 76, 102, 1103, 1145, 124
Saussure, Thodore de, 1467
Schaffer, Simon, 74
Schwartz, John, 196
science
authority of, 1, 7982, 90, 130
see also chemistry, authority and social
respectability; philosophical authority
brewing science, disciplinary identity of,
10, 2045, 21112
chemistry vs microbiology see fermentation, microbial account of
professionalization, 8, 211
see also chemistry, professionalization;
theory/practice divide
Scotland, 51, 13743, 146, 1601, 164
scurvy, 69, 99
Secord, James, 4
secrecy see trade secrecy
sensory judgment see tacit skills
Shakespeare, William, 72
Shannon, Richard, 79, 105, 1456, 148, 172
Shapin, Steven, 13
Shaw, Peter, 2831, 37, 38, 52, 53, 59, 61,
62, 65, 94, 126, 209
influence on Michael Combrune, 33,
413, 457, 4951
Sheldrake, Timothy, 38
Shrubsole, William, 74
Sibum, Otto, 36
Silliman, Benjamin, 128
Skelton, John, 108
Sloane, Hans, 20, 28, 38, 40, 49
Slocock, Oliver, 24
Smith, George, 21, 31
Smollett, Tobias, 109
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 15863, 166, 176, 179
Society for the Encouragement of Arts,
Manufactures, and Commerce (Society
of Arts), 301, 51, 59, 68, 100, 1013,
104, 126, 191, 195
Journal, 196
Society of Apothecaries, 176

293

Society of Chemical Industry, 200, 212

Solander, Daniel, 70
Southby, Edmund Richard, 183, 191,
196200, 2034, 210
sparging, 160, 172
spirit
as measurable substance see alcohol
production see distilling
proof, 91
Sprat, Thomas, 29
Squire, William Stevens, 200, 212
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 65
Stanhope, Philip see Chesterfield, Earl of
starch, 150, 1524, 178, 1936
Stark, James, 155
steam engines, 125
Stein, Robert, 154, 164
Stephens, Joanna, 29
Stewart, William, 155
strychnine, 1846
sugar
cane sugar and molasses, 116, 118, 121,
122, 142, 150, 151, 175, 1845, 195,
202
as chemical principle, 121, 1412, 147,
164
as colouring, 110, 11920, 1212, 124,
126, 173, 202
from malt see malt
from starch, 1936, 202
see also dextrin(e); maltose; mucilage;
saccharine principle
Surflet, Richard, 1617

Copyright
tacit skills and sensory judgment, 6, 1518,
226, 36, 556, 85, 1637, 192
taxation see Excise
technical education movement, 181, 208
technology see brewers engineers; chemistry,
industrial; instrumentation; microscope; patents; technical education
movement; temperature, apparatus to
regulate; trades improvement schemes
temperance and teetotal activism, 2, 183,
184, 189, 190, 201, 203
temperature, 35, 501
apparatus to regulate (attemperator), 67,
734, 105, 171, 199, 200

294

Brewing Science, Technology and Print, 17001880

see also thermometer; heat

Temple (brewer, Portsmouth), 73
Thnard, Louis Jacques, 1467
theory/practice division, 34, 1315, 656,
74, 80, 1603, 169, 1739, 1813, 188,
1913, 198, 2001, 205, 20712
see also practical brewer rhetoric
thermometer
blind, 54, 62
in Boerhaavian chemistry, 37
in brewhouse practice, 38, 48, 516, 62,
67, 91
Fahrenheit scale, 37, 43, 53, 54, 83, 207
in malting, 40
and Michael Combrune, 34, 40, 523,
145
origins and introduction, 3640
Thomson, Thomas, 9, 106, 123, 133, 1357,
152, 1545, 162, 1656, 1723, 175,
1767, 20910, 212
compiles System of Chemistry, 138,
1412, 147
Excise consultancy, 13844, 146, 150,
151, 155
as journal editor see Annals of Philosophy
on vegetable principles, 150
writes for Encyclopaedia Britannica,
1449, 152, 155, 1601
Thornton, Robert, 701
Thrale, Henry, 634, 6871, 100, 110, 122,
209
Thrale, Hester (born Hester Salusbury; later
Hester Piozzi), 63, 68, 70, 122
Thrale, Ralph, 24
Threale, Thomas (supposed author of hackwork pamphlet), 8
Tizard, William Littell, 159, 1716, 187,
189, 198, 207, 208, 210
Topham, Jonathan, 135
topographic narratives, 1518
trade knowledge, 34, 1315, 18, 236, 29,
51, 54, 74, 75, 1607, 172, 176, 188,
192, 210
see also practical brewer rhetoric
trade secrecy, 15, 228, 29, 30, 33, 479,
54, 5960, 77, 91, 101, 108, 125, 127,
145, 1623, 167, 169, 187, 189, 195,
21012

trades improvement schemes, 1415, 20,

2831, 3840, 501, 65, 1212, 183,
191, 209
premiums, 29, 59, 68
see also useful knowledge agenda
Treasury, 11820
treatises
influence from chemistry, 34, 46
vs periodicals, 159, 208
pricing, 158
requirements for credibility, 1467,
20712
structural arrangement, 19, 28, 33,
1467, 149, 192
Trinity College Dublin, 148
Troughton, John, 87, 93, 96, 103, 104
Truman Hanbury (porter brewery, London),
113, 166, 1767
Tryon, Thomas, 18, 19, 22
Tuck, John, 34, 75, 78, 81, 12930, 163,
164, 175
Turner, Edward, 173, 176
Tyndall, John, 4, 211

Copyright

Unger, Richard, 10
United Kingdom Alliance, 183, 190, 201
universalizing knowledge agendas, 4, 6, 13,
18, 21, 34, 656, 80, 168
gravimetric, 83106, 1404
thermometric, 417, 49, 53, 56
University College London see London,
University of
unmalted grain, 116, 122, 149, 1524, 174,
2025
Ure, Andrew, 1478, 154, 1736
useful knowledge agenda, 5, 1315, 33, 55,
59, 61, 68, 15863, 1878, 209
Valentin, Basil, 195
Valentin, William George, 1957
Vallancey, Charles, 56
Vansittart, Nicholas, 119
vatted storage, 6871
Vauquelin, Nicolas-Louis, 154
Veley, Victor Herbert, 200
Victualling, Commissioners of, 69, 734,
767

Index
Walsby, John, 114
Warington, Robert Jr (18381907), 195
Warington, Robert Sr (180767), 1769,
182
water
for brewing see liquor
mineral, 99
Watkins, George, 55, 75, 77, 78, 79
Watney, Daniel, 203
Watt, James, 2, 125
Westrumb, Johann Friedrich, 146
Wheeler, Daniel, 1267
Whitbread (London porter brewery), 113,
120, 122
Whitbread, Samuel I (172096), 23, 24,
41, 63
Whitbread, Samuel II (17581815), 1112
Whitworth, Charles, 51
Wigan, Edward, 11920
Wigney, George (17891847), 169
Wigney, George Adolphus (17891872), 6,
152, 16774, 192, 21011
Williamson, Alexander, 191
wine
consumption, 20, 30
theory of, 11, 14
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 127

295

Wood, Matthew, 11920, 126

Worlidge, John, 14, 21
wormwood, 114, 116, 122
Worshipful Company of Brewers see Brewers Company
wort
composition see malt, sugars of
concentrated see malt extract
gravimetric determination see gravity;
saccharometer; hydrometer
management, 178, 194
production process see mashing
strength, as basis of taxation, 203
Worthington (ale brewery, Burton), 182,
183
Worthington, George Lloyd, 158
Wright, Gabriel, 103
yeast, 99, 118, 146, 200, 201
storage, 66
see also fermentation
Yeates, William, 125
Yorke, Philip, Earl of Hardwicke, 49
Young Brewers Monitor (anonymous 1824
treatise), 148
Yworth, William, 5, 7, 14, 18, 21, 22

Copyright