Bounce Diagrams for Transmission Lines

Lectures 35

Solution to TL equation
V =V +V
+ "

1 + " + " I = (V " V ) = I + I Z0

!
+ V I+ = Z0

" V I" = " Z0

Solution to TL equation is summation of traveling waves ! propagating in the +z or -z directions

Example
t=0, close Rg V0 z=0

Z0 vp z=l

RL

Example, t=0
I+ Rg V0 + V+ Z0

At t=0, a wave originates at z=0 and starts to travel in the +z direction Until the wave propates to the end and reflects back, there is no V- wave, and the load resistance RL has no effect.

Example t=T
l T= vp

Time required for V+ wave to reach load end of the TL (I++ I-) + (V++V-) z=l

RL

Wave reflects to set up a - wave IN ADDITION TO the + wave

Definition: Reflection Coefficient

Voltage Reflection Coefficient

V # RL # Z 0 "= + = V RL + Z 0
Current Reflection Coefficient

I " "(V " / Z 0 ) V" = = " + = "# + + I (V / Z 0 ) V

Example, t=2T
I++I-+I-+ Rg V0 + V++V-+V-+ Z0

Reflected wave travels back towards the source, and gets there at t=2T The wave gets RE-REFLECTED at the source end and travels back toward the load as a + wave The re-reflection process continues forever until steady state conditions are reached

Special Case TL Terminations

Short-circuited line: RL=0

V # RL # Z 0 0 # Z 0 "= + = = = #1 V RL + Z 0 0 + Z 0 V # $ # Z0 "= + = =1 V $ + Z0

Open-circuited line: RL=infinity

Impedance-matched line: RL= Z0

V Z0 # Z0 "= + = =0 V Z0 + Z0

Bounce Diagram
t=0, close 40 100V z=0 First step: Calculate V+, I+, load, source Second step: Construct 2 bounce diagrams 1. Voltage 2. Current

Z0=60

T=1 sec z=l

120

Voltage

Current

t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z z t t

Voltage

Current

=-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

=1/3 t

=1/5

=-1/3

Voltage

Current

=-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 60V

V= 0V V+=60V

=1/3 t

=1/5
I= 1A

I= 0A I+=1A

=-1/3

Question: What is V(z) at t=0.25 sec?

V [volts] =-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 60V V= 0V V+=60V

=1/3

60

z=0

z=l

Question: What is V(z) at t=0.75 sec?

V [volts] =-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 60V V= 0V V+=60V

=1/3

60

z=0

z=l

Voltage

Current

=-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 60V

V= 0V V+=60V V-=20V

=1/3 t
V= 80V

=1/5
I= 1A

I= 0A I+=1A I-=-1/3 A

=-1/3

I= 2/3A

Question: What is V(z) at t=1.5 sec? V [volts] =-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z
V= 60V V-=20V V= 80V

V= 0V V+=60V

=1/3

80 60

z=0

z=l

Question: What is V(t) at z=0.25*l m? V [volts] =-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z
V= 60V V-=20V V= 80V

V= 0V V+=60V

=1/3

80 60 0 1 2

t=sec

Voltage

Current

=-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 76V V= 60V

V= 0V V+=60V V-=20V

=1/3 t
V= 80V

=1/5
I= 1A

I= 0A I+=1A I-=-1/3 A I-+=-1/15 A

=-1/3

I= 2/3A

V-+=-4V

I= 2/3 - 1/15

Voltage

Current

=-1/5 t=0 1 sec 2sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 6 sec z

V= 74.86V V= 60V

V= 0V V+=60V V-=20V

=1/3 t
V= 80V

=1/5
I= 1A

I= 0A I+=1A I-=-1/3 A I-+=-1/15 A

=-1/3

I= 2/3A

V-+=-4V V= 76V V-+-=-1.33V V= 74.6V V-+-=0.26 I= 0.624A

I= 2/3 - 1/15 I-=0.02 A I= 0.62A I-=0.004 A

Steady State
Eventually, the magnitude of the reflections die down, and the voltage and current reach constant, steady state values
1 1 V = 60(1 " + 2 + K) 15 15 1 1 " Vss = 20(1 " + 2 + K) 15 15 1 1 + Iss = 1(1 " + 2 + K) 15 15 1 1 1 " Iss = " (1 " + 2 + K) 3 15 15
+ ss

Sum of all + waves Sum of all - waves Sum of all + waves Sum of all - waves

! !

Steady State
VSS = V + V = 75V + " ISS = ISS + ISS = 0.625 A ! !
! 40
100V z=0
+ + VSS = ISS Z0 " " VSS = "ISS Z0

+ SS

" SS

Iss

+ Vss z=l

120

Next time: TL Discontinuity

t=0, close Rg V0

Z01 vp1

Z02 vp2

RL

incident
reflected

transmitted