MS221/S

Course Examination 2006 Exploring Mathematics

Wednesday 18 October 2006 2.30 pm5.30 pm Time allowed: 3 hours

There are TWO parts to this paper. In Part 1 you should attempt as many questions as you can. Credit will be given for answers to no more than TWO questions in Part 2. In Part 2 of the paper, if you submit attempts to more than two questions, your best two scores will count towards your result. Your answers to each part should be written in the answer books provided. You should start your answer to each question on a new page. You are advised not to cross through any work until you have replaced it with another solution to the same question. Part 1 of the examination carries 72% of the available marks and Part 2 28%. In the examiners opinion, most candidates would make best use of their time by nishing as much as they can of Part 1 before starting Part 2. In most questions, some marks will be awarded for intermediate steps in the working. A correct answer, not supported by working as, for example, one taken from a calculator program may not receive full credit. At the end of the examination Check that you have written your personal identier and examination number on each answer book used. Failure to do so will mean that your work cannot be identied. Put all your used answer books and your question paper together, with your signed desk record on top. Fix them all together with the fastener provided.

Copyright c 2006 The Open University

PART 1 Instructions (i) You should attempt as many questions as you can in this part of the examination. (ii) Part 1 carries 72% of the available examination marks (6% of the marks to each question). The allocation of marks to parts of questions is shown on the right. (iii) You should record your answers to each question in the answer book(s) provided, beginning each question on a new page. You are strongly advised to show all your working, including any rough working. Question 1 (a) Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola x2 y2 = 1. 24 30 Hence nd the coordinates of its foci, and the equations of its directrices. (b) The hyperbola in part (a) is moved using the translation t2,3 . Sketch the hyperbola after translation, showing its axes of symmetry, its foci with their coordinates, and its directrices with their equations. Question 2 The angles and are shown in the right-angled triangles below, with lengths of sides as shown.

[2 ]

[4 ]

6
1

(a) Find the exact values of tan() and tan(), and use an appropriate formula to show that 15 1 . tan( ) = 3+ 5 (b) Rationalise the denominator of the expression for tan( ) in part (a), and simplify your answer. Question 3 (a) Find, in degrees to three decimal places, the inclination, , of the conic L with equation 5x2 + 2xy 3y 2 + 60 = 0. (b) Hence nd the equation of the conic K such that L = r (K ). You should give the coecients to two decimal places.

[3 ] [3 ]

[1 ] [5 ]

MS221/S

Question 4 x2 3 x + 8. The number 4 is This question is about the function f (x) = 1 8 2 an attracting xed point of f . (a) Use the gradient criterion to determine an interval of attraction for the given xed point. (b) Each of the following Mathcad diagrams illustrates the eect of iterating f with a particular initial term x0 . The initial term is x0 = 5 in diagram (i) and x0 = 15 in diagram (ii). In each case state the long-term behaviour of the iteration sequence. (i) (ii) [4 ]

[2 ] Question 5 The linear transformation f is the composite of an x-shear with factor 2 followed by a scaling with factors 2 and 3 in the x- and y -directions, respectively. (a) Find the matrix of f . (b) Find the images of the points (1, 2) and (2, 1) under f . , (c) Given that the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (1, 2) and (2, 1) has area 3 2 use your answer to part (a) to nd the area of the image of this triangle under f . [3 ] [1 ]

[2 ]

MS221/S

TURN OVER

Question 6 (a) Given that the matrix A = 2 6 has eigenvalues 1 and 2, nd 2 5 its corresponding eigenlines, showing your working.

[3 ]

(b) Each of the following Mathcad diagrams shows the eigenlines of the matrix A, from part (a), and three points, x0 , x1 and x2 . In each case, state whether these points could be the rst three points of an iteration sequence generated by A, and briey justify your answers. (i) (ii)

x1 x0

x2 x0 = x2 x1

[3 ] Question 7 Dierentiate each of the following functions, simplifying your answers as far as possible. (a) f (x) = e2x sec x (b) g(x) = arcsin 1 x ( 1 <x< 1 ) 2 2 (x > 1) [3 ] [3 ]

Question 8 (a) Using integration by parts, nd the indenite integral (x 1) sin

1 x 3

dx.

[3 ]

(b) Using the substitution u = ln x, or otherwise, nd the indenite integral 1 (x > 1). 2 dx x (ln x)

[3 ]

MS221/S

Question 9 (a) Using a standard Taylor series, write down the Taylor series about 0 for the function 1 . f (x) = 1 + x2 (Your answer should include at least the rst four non-zero terms of the series.) (b) For what range of values of x is the Taylor series in part (a) valid? (c) By integrating the series for f (x) term by term, nd the Taylor series about 0 for the function arctan x. (You should give the same amount of detail as in part (a).) (d) Use the corresponding Taylor polynomial of order 5 to estimate the value of arctan(0.3) to four decimal places. Question 10 Let z = 4 3i and w = 7 + 4i. (a) Write down |z |, z, z+w and zz, [4 ] [2 ]

[2 ]

[1 ]

[2 ] [1 ]

where z is the complex conjugate of z . You should write complex numbers in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. (b) Find a complex number v such that vz = 2 + 3i. Question 11 This question is about the set G = {3, 6, 9, 12} and multiplication modulo 15. (a) Construct a Cayley table for (G, 15 ). (b) Which element acts as the identity for (G, 15 )? Justify your answer briey. (c) Draw up a table of inverses for the elements in G. Question 12 (a) Use Euclids Algorithm to nd the multiplicative inverse of 7 in Z22 . (b) The result of enciphering a single number using the exponential cipher with rule E7 (m) m7 (mod 23) is 2. Which number was enciphered?

[2 ] [2 ] [2 ]

[2 ]

[4 ]

MS221/S

TURN OVER

PART 2 Instructions (i) Credit will be given for answers to no more than TWO questions from this part of the examination. (ii) Each question in this part carries 14% of the total marks for the examination. (iii) You may answer the questions in any order. Write your answers in the answer book(s) provided, beginning each question on a new page. (iv) Show all your working. Question 13 This question is about the recurrence system u0 = 2, u1 = 5, un+2 = 5un+1 6un (n = 0, 1, 2, . . .). [1 ] [5 ] [1 ]

(a) Find u2 and u3 . (b) Find a closed form for the sequence un . (c) Find the value of the expression un1 un+1 u2 n when n = 2. (d) The following table gives the values of the expression un1 un+1 u2 n for some other small values of n. n un1 un+1 u2 n 1 2 3 4 5 1 36 216 1296

Use these values, and your answer to part (c), to write down a conjecture for the value of the expression un1 un+1 u2 n in terms of n. (e) Use the closed form for the sequence to prove the conjecture that you made in part (d).

[2 ] [5 ]

MS221/S

Question 14 (a) Let f be the linear transformation given by f (x) = 2 3 1 1 x. [2 ]

(i) Write down the rule of the inverse linear transformation f 1 , and nd the image of the point (x, y ) under f 1 . (ii) The unit circle has equation x2 + y 2 = 1. Find the equation of the image of the unit circle under f , in the form ax2 + bxy + cy 2 = d, where a, b, c and d are integers. (b) The function g is a rotation through point (1, 1).
1 2

[3 ] anticlockwise about the

(i) Plot the points (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) and their images under g on the same axes, making it clear which point maps to which. (ii) Write down the coordinates of the image points and hence, or otherwise, nd the rule of g, in the form g(x) = Ax + a, where A is a 2 2 matrix and a is a vector with two components. (iii) Let h be the ane transformation given by h(x) = 0 1 1 0 x+ 2 0 .

[3 ]

[3 ]

Show that h g is the identity transformation. Question 15 (a) The following result can be obtained by integration. (You are NOT asked to justify this.) eax cos(ax) dx = 1 ax e sin(ax) a eax sin(ax) dx (a > 0).

[3 ]

Find a similar result with

eax sin(ax) dx on the left-hand side, and [4 ]

use the two results to show that 1 ax eax cos(ax) dx = (a > 0). e (sin(ax) + cos(ax)) + c 2a (b) Using integration by substitution and the result of part (a), nd the indenite integral cos (ln x) dx (x > 0).

[3 ]

Parts (c) and (d) concern the function f (x) = ex cos x. (c) Use the result of part (a) to nd the area under the graph of f (x) , giving an exact answer. between x = 0 and x = 1 2 (d) Find the volume of revolution obtained when the region under the , is rotated about the graph of the function f (x), from x = 0 to x = 1 2 x-axis. You should give an exact answer. [3 ]

[4 ]

MS221/S

TURN OVER

Question 16 (a) Prove, using divisibility tests, that the number 1747 1478 0240 is divisible by 330. (b) This part of the question is about the following statement. If n is divisible by 20 then n is divisible by 5 and by 8. (i) Write down the statement that is the converse of this statement. One of the statement and its converse is true and the other is false. (ii) Write down which statement is false, and give a counter-example to prove that it is false. (iii) Give a proof of the statement that is true. (c) Use mathematical induction to prove that
n r =1

[5 ]

[3 ]

1 n = (r + 1)(r + 2) 2(n + 2) [6 ]

for any positive integer n. [END OF QUESTION PAPER]

MS221/S