EF EXAM SOLUTIONS HIGH SCHOOL MATH CONTEST FALL 2006

1. The correct answer is 2. Let r be the radius of the circle. The circumscribed square has area (2r)2 = 4r2 . The inscribed square has diameter 2r and side of length 2 r . So its 2 4r area is ( 2 r)2 = 2r2 . The ratio is 2 r2 = 2 .

2. The correct answer is 3. ( 2)log2 9 = ( 2)2 log2 3 = (21/2 )2 log2 3 = 2log2 3 = 3 .

3. The correct answer is two. The inequality is equivalent to x4 4x2 6 x4 4x2 + 14 or x4 4x2 6 (x4 4x2 + 14) . The second inequality gives The rst inequality gives 6 14 which has no solutions. 2x4 8x2 + 8 x4 4x2 + 4 (x2 2)2 0 0

0.

For a solution we only have x2 2 = 0 or x = 2 . So there are two solutions.

4. The correct answer is 8. Ler r2 = OA=OB and r1 = OD=OC. Let be angle AOB. The area of the larger sector is The area of The area of
2 2 r2 . 2 r1 . the smaller sector is 2 2 2 region ABCD is 2 r2 2 r1 2 2 r2 2 2 r1

and the desired ratio is

2 2 r1

2 2 r2 r2 r1 = 2 2 2 1 . r1 r1

We are given that r2 = 3r1 . So

2 r2 9r 2 1 = 21 1 = 9 1 = 8 . 2 r1 r1

5. The correct answer is x + 3 . x2006 x2005 + (x + 1)2 = q (x)(x2 1) + ax + b . Let x = 1 to obtain 4 = a + b and let x = 1 to obtain 2 = a + b . So b = 3 and a = 1 . The remainder is x + 3 .

6. The correct answer is 3. log2 3 log4 5 log6 7 = log4 3 log6 5 log8 7

ln 3 ln 2 ln 3 ln 4

ln 5 ln 4 ln 5 ln 6

ln 7 ln 6 ln 7 ln 8

ln 8 = log2 8 = 3 . ln 2

7. The correct answer is 20. There are nine such points.

There are 3 horizontal lines; there are 3 vertical lines; there are 3 lines making a 45 angle with the x-axis and there are 3 lines making a 135 angle with the x-axis. Additional lines: through (0, 1), (1, 1) through (1, 1), (1, 0) through (1, 1), (0, 1)

through (0, 1), (1, 1) through (1, 0), (1, 1) through (1, 0), (1, 1)

through (1, 1), (1, 0)

through (1, 1), (0, 1)

8. The correct answer is (c). (a7 )2 = a14 = a10 a4 = a3 a4 = a7 .

9. The correct answer is 150. Now x + 4y + 7z x + 3y + 5z = 225 = 200

and subtracting gives y + 2z y = = 25 25 2z .

Then x = = = so x + y + z = 125 + z + 25 2z + z = 150 . 10. The correct answer is 3. Assume face 3 is unique. It borders faces 1,2,4 and 5. Picture three rotates to picture one putting 4 on the bottom and 3 on top. So 4 is unique. Our assumption that 3 is unique puts faces 4 and 5 on the back and right side of picture one. But 4 is unique and is the bottom side of gure one. This contradiction implies 3 is not unique. 200 3y 5z

200 75 + 6z 5z 125 + z ,

11. The correct answer is 36 seconds. Gear 1 has 1 revolution in 27 15 secs. Gear 2 has 1 revolution in secs.
3 100 1 45 3 minutes or 1 revolution in ( 100 )60 = 4 3 9 5

=
20 15

1 minutes or 1 revolution in ( 45 )60 = (27)(20) 15 (20)(27) 15

Gear 1 has 20 revolutions in Gear 2 has 27 revolutions in

= 36 seconds. = 36 seconds.

To see that 36 is minimal, we seek N revolutions for Gear 1 and M 20 revolutions for Gear 2 such that 27 15 N = 15 M . Since 27 and 20 are relatively prime, N = 20 and M = 27 .

12. The correct answer is 36. Let b, h be the base and height of ANM . Let bs , hs be the base and hs height of ABC . Since ABC and ANM are similar, then h b = bs . We also have b = 6bs . The ratio of the areas is
1 2 bh 1 2 b s hs

6bs h 6h bh = = =6 b s hs b s hs hs

h hs

=6

b bs

=6

6bs bs

= 36 .

13. The correct answer is 38. 321 in base b is the number 3b2 + 2b + 1 , so 3b2 + 2b + 1
2

86 0 0 5.

3b + 2b 85 = (3b + 17)(b 5) = b

This means 123 in base b is b2 + 2b + 3 = 25 + 10 + 3 = 38 .

14. The correct answer is

n

2.

Let L = lim an . Then lim an+1 = 3 an + 4 2 an + 3 3L + 4 2L + 3 3L + 4 4 lim

L = 2L2 + 3L = 2L2 = L2 = L =

2 2.

15. The correct answer is

99 100

For any positive integer n , n 1 + n + 1 (n + 1)(n + 2) n(n + 2) 1 + (n + 1)(n + 2) (n + 1)(n + 2) n+1 (n + 1)2 = . (n + 1)(n + 2) n+2 , so using the formula,

= =
1 2

In the above sum, n = 1 gives

n 1 1 1 2 n+1 + = + = = . n + 1 (n + 1)(n + 2) 2 23 3 n+2 Inductively, 1 1 1 + + 2 23 34 1 1 1 + + + 2 23 99 100 = . . . = 99 100 (n = 98) 3 4 (n = 2)

49 16. The correct answer is 16 .

Let x = cos . Then f (x) = 4x2 + x 3 and f (x) = 8x + 1 .

The minimum value of f is f (1/8) =

1 f (x) = 0 when x = 8 and the minimum value of f (x) occurs when 1 1 1 . x = 8 . Since 1 8 1 then there is a with cos = 8

1 1 2 48 49 4 3= = . 64 8 16 16 16 16

17. The correct answer is

50 = 5 2 .

Let A be the point (a, b) , with a > 0 . Since AB has midpoint (0, 0) then B must be (a, b) . Both points are on the parabola y = 4x2 + 7x 1 , so b b = 4 a2 7 a 1 . = 4 a2 + 7 a 1

Adding gives 0 = a2 a So b = 4(1/2)2 + 7(1/2) 1 = AB has length 2 (1/2)2 + (7/2)2 =2

7 2

= = .

8 a2 2 1 4 1 . 2

50 (1/4) + (4/49) = 2 = 50 = 5 2 . 2

18. The correct answer is 10. S = 8 + 12 + + (4n + 4)

n

=
k=1

(4k + 4)
n

= 4
k=1

+ 4n + 4n

= 4

n(n + 1) 2

= 2 n2 + 6 n and T = 17 + 19 + + (2n + 15)

n

=
k=1

(2k + 15) n(n + 1) 2 + 15n

= 2

= n2 + 16n Then S = T n2 + 16n 0 10 . 2 n2 + 6 n = n2 10n =

n =

19. The correct answer is 1:3 Draw FH parallel to AGE. Since BG=GF then BE=EH. Proportionality applied to the triangle AEC (FH is parallel to AE) we have HC=2EH, since FC=2AF. So EC=EH+HC=3EH=3BE and E divides BC in the ratio 1:3.
A

2k
G

Note: This solution strongly uses the fact that if a line is drawn through a triangle parallel to one side, as pictured, then the line cuts the other two sides into the same ratio.
A

IC HB = AB AC

20. The correct answer is f29 (x) = (x + 1)/(2 x) .

f1 is an invertible function. f35 = f5 implies that f30 = i , the identity function. Since f30 = f1 f29 = i , then f29 is the inverse of f1 . One computes this inverse and obtains f29 (x) = (x + 1)/(2 x) .
105 64

21. The correct answer is xy =

y + 2a = y+ 35a 16 =

a3 x2 a2 x + 2a 3 2 3 9 a3 x2 + x + 3 2a 16a2 a3 3 x+ 3 4a
2

3a 16

35a 3 35a The vertex is ( 43 a , 16 ) . Eliminate a to obtain ( 4a )( 16 ) = 105 So the hyperbola is xy = 64 .

105 64

22. The correct answer is

24 19

seconds.

Since the particle is slowing down, the force is negative. We have ma = k where m is the particles mass, a is its acceleration and k is the constant force. a v s = k/m

= (k/m)t + 1000 = (k/(2m))t2 + 1000t

(v = velocity at time t) (s = position at time t)

At time t0 , 900 = 100 = k/m = and 1200 = (k/(2m))t2 0 + 1000t0 (k/m)t0 + 1000 (k/m)t0 100/t0 ,

1200 = (1/2)(100/t0)t2 0 + 1000t0 1200 = 50t0 + 1000t0 = 950t0 t0 = 1200/950 = 24/19 .