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liquid I2 - metallic solid (purple vapor) As2 - radioactive; extremely rare reactivity (oxidzing agents: X2 + 2e- 6 2X-)
Preparation Fluorine
6 2Na SO + M Cl + 2H O + Cl
Bromine (produced from brines) 2Br- + Cl2 x6 Br2 + 2ClIodine (from brines)
Astatine
209 83 1 Bi + 4 2He x6 20N + 211 85
At
J1/2
= 7.21 hours
- 44 mg in earth's crust
Hydrides HF,
8
weak acid H2SO4 + NaX 6 HX 8 + NaHSO4 HF reacts with glass ! 4HF + SiO2 6 SiF4 8 + 2H2O
Oxides halogen oxides - unstable oxidizing agents ClO, Cl2O, ClO2, Cl2O7 7 unpleasent, explosive substances Cl2O + CaO(aq) 6 Ca(OCl)2
a Calcium hypochlorie (bleach)
ClO2 6 used to bleach flours, wood pulp 5CO + I2O5(s) 6 I2(s) + 5CO2(g)
rare Ba(OH)2 + H2O2 + ClO2 6 Ba(ClO2)2 + 2H2O + O2 Ba(ClO2)2 + H2SO4 6 BaSO4 + 2HClO2
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X = Cl, I HXO4 a strong oxidizing acids NH4ClO4 7 used in space shuttle as propellent (each shuttle launch requires 700 tons) ! HBrO4 (discovered in 1968)
G G BrO3 + F2 + 2OH- 6 BrO4 + 2F- + H2O
chlorinated hydrocarbons (Freon's) bromine: productive of ethylene dibromide CH2 = CH2 + Br2 6 BrCH2CH2Br a anti-knock agent insecticides (CH3Br) flame-retardants (Br2C3H5O)3PO a can be incorporated in fibers photography - AgBr (photo sensitive)