CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Casing generally are two types:
I. Volute casings for a higher head. II. Circular casings for low head and high capacity.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Volute casings:

A volute is a curved funnel increasing in area to the discharge port.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Volute casings:

Running volute-style pumps at a lower capacity than the manufacturer recommends can put lateral stress on the shaft of the pump, increasing wear-and-tear on the seals and bearings, and on the shaft itself.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Volute casings:

Double- volute casings are used when the radial thrusts become significant at reduced capacities.
the main purposes of a volute casing is to help balance the hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump at the manufacturer's recommended capacity .

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Circular casings:

have stationary diffusion vanes surrounding the impeller periphery that convert velocity energy to pressure energy.
Solid casing is one casting or fabricated piece. Split casing consists of two or more parts are fastened together.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Circular casings:
Split casing Horizontally split or axially split casing.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Circular casings:
Split casing

Vertically split or radially split casing.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Shaft weight

Shaft deflection

Cost

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
The ideal design would be one which reduces radial thrust to an acceptable level.

How?

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Some pump casings use a split volute design instead of a double volute.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Diffuser pump casings:

Some pump casings use a split volute design instead of a double volute.
The liquid leaves the diffuser at a higher pressure than it leaves the impeller, then enters the casing annulus and finally leaves at the discharge branch.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Diffuser pump casings:

Diffusers are frequently used in multi-stage pumps and are more efficient than volute types of casing.
However, diffuser designs are more costly than volute designs and therefore single-stage diffuser pumps are not used as often as volute types because of the expense.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:
Diffuser
1. Guides the liquid flow from one impeller to the next. 2. acts in a similar manner to a volute by converting velocity energy (kinetic energy) into pressure energy.
Diffuser

Impeller

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

LP HP LP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Multi-stage pumps:

LP

HP

LP

HP

LP

HP

HP

LP

Normal thrust on rotor

Normal thrust on rotor

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Suction and Discharge nozzle:

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Suction and Discharge nozzle:
End suction/Top discharge:
1) Always an overhung type.
2) Typically has lower NPSHR.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Suction and Discharge nozzle:
Top suction/Top discharge:
1) Always a radially split case pump.
2) It can be either an overhung type or between bearing type..

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Suction and Discharge nozzle:
Side suction/Side discharge:
This pump can have either an axially or radially split case type.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Seal Chamber and Stuffing Box:
If sealing is by mechanical seal, the chamber is referred to as a Seal Chamber. If sealing is by packing, the chamber is referred to as a Stuffing Box.

They either integral with or separate from the pump case housing that forms the region between the shaft and casing where sealing media are installed.

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Seal Chamber and Stuffing Box:

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Casing
Seal Chamber and Stuffing Box:
Internal circulating device
Gland

Throttle bushing

Throat bushing

Construction of Centrifugal Pumps

Bearing housing