6 DESIGN OF TRAILER BEAM

6.1 Sectional Properties

Channels are used for the trailer bed Geometrical Properties Total height Top flange width Top flange thickness Web thickness Bottom flange width Bottom flange thickness Derived Properties b mm Top flange Bottom flange Web Total 75 75 7 d mm 7 7 166 A mm 525 525 1162 2212 y mm bd/12 mm4 Ay2 mm4 3928181 3928181 0 I 4 mm 3930325 3930325 2668339 10528989 180 75 7 7 75 7 mm mm mm mm mm mm

86.5 2143.75 86.5 2143.75 0 2668339

6.2 Material Properties

Material Mild steel Density 78 kN/m Yield stress 235 N/mm Modulus of elastisity 210 GPa

6.3 Bending Moment

M = I y
= Allowable stress = y = Depth to neutral axis = I = Second moment of area

M = Maximum allowable bending moment =

y= I=

235 N/mm 90 mm 4 10528989 mm

M =

I
Y
27 kN m

M=

6.4 Axial Force

T = A
T = Maximum tension allowed A = Cross sectional area = A= T= 235 N/mm 2212 mm 520 kN

From the figures of bending moment diagrams and axial force diagrams, it can be noted that the observed values are much lower than these values and therefore, the safety is confirmed. Maximum deflection observed is 3.4 mm at the midspan of edges. This is a quite reasonable value.

For a beam with both ends fixed: At the midspan

M =

WL 8

W = Load applied at midspan L = Span of the beam

W =

8M L
27 kN m 0.742 m 296.41 kN

M= L= W

6.5 Deflection
Deflection at yield point

WL3 = 48 EI
= Defection

E = Modulus of elastisity W= L= E= I= = 296.41 kN 0.742 m 210 GPa 4 10528989 mm 1.14 mm

But in practical situations the deflection is not allowed to exceed span/800 L/800 = 0.9275 mm

Therefore, the load relevant to that deflection have to be taken as maximum allowable load. W kN 296 241 mm 1.14 0.93

Yield point Actual stage

Maximum allowable load for one channel =

241 kN

6.6 Modeling of the Structure

The structure was modeled using SAP 2000 and analyzed. Then the results obtained were compared with the allowable capacities.

Figure 1: 3D model of the structure

Figure 2: Defection of the structure

Figure 3: Bending Moment diagram

Figure 4: Shear force diagram

Figure 5: Axial force diagram

6.7 Comparison of Values The obtained and allowable values are tabulated below Criteria Deflection (mm) Bending moment (kN m) Axial force (kN) Observed value 0.08 0.95 1.44 Allowable Value 519.78 27.24 0.93

It can clearly be seen than the observed values are much lower than allowable values. Therefore, the trailer structure is of very high factor of safety.