Fachgebiet fr Kommunikationstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Klaus David

HSDPA for UMTS

Stephan Sigg 18.04.2005

Gliederung
HSDPA Concepts HSDPA Control Channels HSUPA Fast Scheduling in HSDPA

ComTec 2005

Fachgebiet fr Kommunikationstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus David

HSDPA for UMTS

Stephan Sigg 11.04.2005

Gliederung
Packet transmission in UMTS Rel. 99
Logical Channels

Packet transmission with HSDPA

HSDPA Concepts

ComTec 2005

Channel characteristics
DCH
Service Power control Soft handover Multicode operation Amount of data Bursty data Any Fast Yes No Large No Codespace reserved for theor. max. datarate

DSCH
Data Fast No Yes Large Yes High peak data rates but low activity

FACH
User data possible Slow No No Small Yes Mapped to same physical channel as PCH

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E b

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ComTec 2005

E b

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ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 8

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 9

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 10

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 11

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

New HSDPA Channels

HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel)
Fixed SF 16 ( multicode op. + code multipl.) AMC (16QAM/QPSK, turbo coding )
improved phase estimation and amplitude estimation necessary

TTI: 2ms

HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Uplink Channel

HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

used for physical layer control information

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ComTec 2005

Gain by use of multicode operation (Fixed SF 16) [1]

Codes
QPSK, rate QPSK, rate QPSK, rate 16 QAM, rate 16 QAM, rate

1 code
120 kbps 240 kbps 360 kbps

5 codes
600 kbps 1,2 Mbps 1,8 Mbps

15 codes
1,8 Mbps 3,6 Mbps 5,3 Mbps

480 kbps 720 kbps

2,4 Mbps 3,6 Mbps

7,2 Mbps 10,7 Mbps

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ComTec 2005

Gain by use of multicode operation (Fixed SF 16) [1]

Codes
QPSK, rate QPSK, rate QPSK, rate 16 QAM, rate 16 QAM, rate

1 code
120 kbps 240 kbps 360 kbps

5 codes
600 kbps 1,2 Mbps 1,8 Mbps

15 codes
1,8 Mbps 3,6 Mbps 5,3 Mbps

480 kbps 720 kbps

2,4 Mbps 3,6 Mbps

7,2 Mbps 10,7 Mbps

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ComTec 2005

Quelle: WCDMA for UMTS, Harri Holma and Antti Toskala[1]

Page 15 ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 16

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 17

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B
fast link adaptation, transmission combining
ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

Page 18

Measurement ofARQ) Channel quality (ACK/NACK, QoS,...) HARQ (FEC + Scheduling decisions AMC (turbo QPSK/16QAM) flow controlcoding, in Iub Fast scheduling New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B

fast link adaptation, transmission combining

ComTec 2005

Quelle: WCDMA for UMTS, Harri Holma and Antti Toskala [1]
Page 19 ComTec 2005

MAC-hs

New MAC sub layer allows for easier compatibility to previous specifications MAC-hs located in Node B
Handling of HARQ (fast retransmissions) RNC still retains Release 4 MAC functionalities
(from [1])

ComTec 2005

Fast scheduling
Scheduler prefers users with good conditions
Better performance than round-robin Gain due to multi-user diversity

Decision is taken for each TTI

(from [6])

ComTec 2005

HSDPA concepts

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B UE constantly checks rel. power level (DSCH to pilot) no fast power control
ComTec 2005

Page 22

HSDPA concepts

HARQ (FEC + ARQ) AMC (turbo coding, QPSK/16QAM) New HSDPA Channels New functionality in Node B UE constantly checks rel. power level (DSCH to pilot) no fast power control
ComTec 2005

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Summary

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ComTec 2005

Gliederung
HSDPA Concepts HSDPA Control Channels HSUPA SIR Scheduling
ComTec 2005

Fachgebiet fr Kommunikationstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus David

HSDPA Control Channels

Stephan Sigg 13.04.2005

New HSDPA Channels

HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel)
Fixed SF 16 ( multicode op. + code multipl.) AMC (16QAM/QPSK, turbo coding )
improved phase estimation and amplitude estimation necessary

TTI: 2ms

HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

used for physical layer control information

HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Uplink Channel

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ComTec 2005

HS-SCCH - Downlink
TTI: 2ms -> 3 timeslots
1st Timeslot:
Demodulation information Codes to despread

2-3rd Timeslot:
CRC-Information HARQ Process info First transmission or retransmission?

Terminal specific masking SF 128 (40 bits per timeslot) rate convolutional coding (separate per part)

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ComTec 2005

HS-SCCH and HS-DSCH timing relationship

Page 29

ComTec 2005

New HSDPA Channels

HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel)
Fixed SF 16 ( multicode op. + code multipl.) AMC (16QAM/QPSK, turbo coding )
improved phase estimation and amplitude estimation necessary

TTI: 2ms

HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel)

used for physical layer control information

HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel)

Uplink Channel

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ComTec 2005

HS-DPCCH - Uplink

Two parts
1st part:
ACK/NACK for physical layer retransmissions

2nd part:
CQI Feedback

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ComTec 2005

Terminal timing with respect to one HARQ process

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ComTec 2005

Gliederung
HSDPA Concepts HSDPA Control Channels HSUPA SIR Scheduling
ComTec 2005

Fachgebiet fr Kommunikationstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus David

HSUPA for UMTS Rel. 6

Enhanced Uplink DCH
Stephan Sigg 18.04.2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

Promise: 5,4 Mbps in Uplink direction

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

HARQ
Node B asks UE to retransmit New Mac-e layer necessary Node B controlled HARQ Increased system capacity higher tolerable Error prob. of physical channel
ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH HARQ

Incorrectly received packet

Correctly received packet

NACK

ACK

Quelle: 8301253 Advanced Topics in Radio Network Planning, TUT ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

Short TTI
2 ms or 10 ms ? (in discussion) delay reduction shortened RTT for HARQ increased throughput
ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

Node B scheduling
TFCs from which UE chooses various scheduling schemes are in discussion

ComTec 2005

Different Sets of Transport Format Combinations

Quelle: 3GPP TR 25.896 [7] ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH fast scheduling

R99 UL DCH R6 UL E-DCH

Data transmission

Scheduling info / scheduling assignment

Quelle: 8301253 Advanced Topics in Radio Network Planning, TUT ComTec 2005

Data transmission

Traffic volume measurements / TFC control

Enhanced Uplink DCH fast HARQ

R99 UL DCH R6 UL E-DCH

Correctly received packet Packet

Combining of packets

RLC ACK/NACK

Packet
L1 ACK/NACK Quelle: 8301253 Advanced Topics in Radio Network Planning, TUT ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

Node B scheduling
TFCs from which UE chooses various scheduling schemes are in discussion

ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink DCH

AMC HARQ Short TTI Node B scheduling Fast DCH setup

Fast DCH setup

Reducing synchronization time

ComTec 2005

Uplink/Downlink Synchronization (up to Rel. 5)

Quelle: 3GPP TR 25.896 [7] ComTec 2005

Enhanced Uplink/Downlink Synchronization (Rel. 6)

Quelle: 3GPP TR 25.896 [7] ComTec 2005

Summary

ComTec 2005

Gliederung
HSDPA Concepts HSDPA Control Channels HSUPA SIR Scheduling
ComTec 2005

Fachgebiet fr Kommunikationstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus David

Analysis of a Scheduling Algorithm SIR-Scheduling

Stephan Sigg 08.04.2005

Overview
The SIR-Scheduling Algorithm Definition of a scheduling problem How to improve the algorithm How to use with MxRRM

ComTec 2005

SIR-Scheduling Algorithm
PS scheduling algorithm Simple scheduling scheme:
Schedule packets with best SIR first

The algorithm in Literature Outperforms PF- and RR-Scheduler [2] Best overall PS-Throughput but unfair [3] Optimal when improved by QoS-awareness [5] SIR not optimal in worst case scenario [4]
Page 53 ComTec 2005

Introducing the Model to analyse

Preliminary Assumptions
Fixed Parameters
Only one code per user No QoS [5] Spreading Factor Amount of free resources SIR per packet session Amount of user data per request Datarate

Variable Parameters
Power level E b Time
Page 54 ComTec 2005

Page 55

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Improving the Model

Updated Assumptions
Fixed Parameters
Only one code per user No QoS [5] Spreading Factor Amount of free resources SIR per packet session Amount of user data per request

Variable Parameters
Powerlevel Datarate
E b

Channel coding Channel modulation

Time
Page 56 ComTec 2005

Page 57

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A scheduling problem

| ci

< d i >

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Concrete modelling
min wi cij
i j

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ComTec 2005

Assertion:
The Algorithm that schedules the packet with the minimum first will solve the Optimization criteria in a optimum way.

di wi

Proof (by contradiction) Assumption

There is a problem instance where the optimal schedule violates the assertion.

di d j < wi w j

but d j scheduled in advance of d i

di

dj

dj
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di
ComTec 2005

Proof (continued )

di d j < wi w j

d iwi + (d i + d j ) w j > d j w j + (d j + d i ) wi

d iwi + d i w j + d j w j > d j w j + d j wi + d i wi d i w j > d j wi di d j > wi w j

di

dj dj

di
ComTec 2005

Page 61

Conclusion
It is beneficial to schedule short packets first This is exactly what the SIR-Scheduler does

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How to improve the algorithm

We have assumed that the amount of delivered data is the same for all users It would be beneficial to know in advance the amount of data to be delivered.
Proposition
Categorize users according to their habits Introduce storage somewhere in the system to record user habits

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ComTec 2005

Further improving the Model

Updated Assumptions
Fixed Parameters
Only one code per user No QoS [5] Spreading Factor Amount of free resources SIR per packet session

Variable Parameters
Powerlevel Eb Datarate
Channel coding Channel modulation

Time Amount of user data per request

Page 64 ComTec 2005

How to introduce into MxRRM

Move scheduling decision to MxRRM Introduce GSM and UMTS models Combine both models by weighting

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Introduce GSM model

Page 66

ComTec 2005

Combining both models by weighting

Page 67

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Summary
We have introduced a fast and popular packet scheduling algorithm Including the algorithm into the simulator will hopefully improve system performance We have even learned a way to further improve the algorithm

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Literature
[1] Harry Holma and Antti Toskala; WCDMA for UMTS, volume 2. John Wiley and Sons, 2002. [2] H. van den Berg, R. Litjens and J. Lavermann; HSDPA Flow Level Performance: The impact of Key System and Traffic Aspects, Hans van den Berg, Remco Litjens, Joost Lavermann, MSWiM04 [3] 3GPP TR 25.848 v4.0.0; Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (Release 4) [4] Sem Borst; User-Level Performance of Channel-Aware Scheduling Algorithms in Wireless Data Networks, IEEE INFOCOM 2003 [5] M. Andrews, K. Kumaran, K. Ramanan, A. Stolyar, R. Vijayakumar and P. Whiting, CDMA Data QoS Scheduling on the Forward Link with Variable Channel Conditions, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies [6] Whitepaper WCDMA evolved, the first step - HSDPA, Ericsson, 284 23-2958 Uen Rev A, May 2004 [7] 3GPP TR 25.896 v6.0.0; Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD (Release 6)
Page 69 ComTec 2005