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nfO;]G;df ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ ;d:of

oftfoft Aoj:yf ljefun] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq- nfO;]G;_sf]
6fon kl/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ eg]/ nfO;]G; ljt/0f aGb
u/]sf] b'O dlxgf eO;s]sf] 5 . ljefun] ut j}zfv ! ut]b]vLg} gofF
kl/Iff k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{eGb} cg'dlt kq ljt/0f aGb u/]b]vL g}
jfudtL afx]s !@ cf]6} c~rndf xfn;Dd cg'dlt kq ljt/0f 7Kk
/x]sf] 5 . /fhwfgLdf dfq k"jf{wf/ tof/ kf/]/ cGoq Vofn} gu/L
nfu' ul/Psf] gofF lgodsf sf/0f xhf/f}+ dflg;n] b'Mv kfO/x]sf 5g\
. cg'dlt kq ljt/0f aGb ePkl5 gofF cg'dlt kq lng rfxfg]x?
w]/} vr{ u/]/ sf7df8f} g} hfg'kg]{ jfWotf 5 . h;n] ubf{ j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf hfg]x?n] ;dodf cg'dlt kq kfpg g;Sbf leiffg}
u'dfpg' kl/ /x]sf] u'gf;f] ;d]t a9]sf] 5 .
Psflt/ nfO;]G; ljt/0f /fd|f] ePg ;'wf/ x'gk' 5{ eg]/ dfu
x'g' / ;/sf/n] klg ;'wf/ ug{ vf]Hg' /fd|f] s'/f xf] t/ ;'wf/sf] gfddf
k|lqmof g} 7Kk kfg'{ eg] sbfkL /fd|f] dfGg ;lsb}g . kl/Iff k|0ffnL
;'wf/ ug]{ xf] eg] klxn] To;nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yfkg
ug'{ kb{Yof] . t/ sf7df8f}n
+ fO{
dfq ;j} g]kfn dfGg] / sf7df8f}d+ f eP ;j}lt/ k'U5 eGg]
dfgl;stfn] k|zf;sx?df 3/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sf7df8f}df ;j}
k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]x{ ?n] sDtLdf ;j} cGrn gePklg x/]s If]qsf]
Pp6f cGrn;Dd k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/]/ gofF lgod nfu' u/]sf] eP
klg hgtfnfO{ s]xL /fxt ldNbYof] . t/ sf7df8f} aflx/ Joj:yfkg
ug]{ nfut cg'dfg / To;df nfUg] jh]6sf] Joj:yf ;d]t gul/ rln
/x]sf] k|lqmofnfO{ xr'jfsf] e/df cj?4 kfg'{ / gofF lgod nfu'
u/]sf] dlxgf}+ ljlt;Sbf klg k|lqmofsf] yfngL ;d]t gug'n
{ fO{ u}/
lhDd]jf/Lsf] k/fsfi7f jfx]s s]xL dfGg ;lsb}g .
gLlt lgdf{0f txdf a:g] lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lx?n] s'g}klg
k|lqmofnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{ cl3 To;n] ;j{;fwf/0fdf kg]{ gs/fTds
c;/ s] s:tf] x'g;S5 eGg] s'/fsf] Vofn ug'{ kb{Yof] . t/
bzsf}b+ v
] L Tolx k|lqmof l7s xf] eg]/ dfGb} cfPsf clwsf/Lx?n]
@$ dlxgf k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ ;do;Dd klg k'/fg} cj:yfdf hgtfnfO{
;]jf lbg'k5{ eGg] a'lemlbPsf] eP xhf/f}+ dflg;n] cgfxsdf b'Mv
kfpg] lyPgg\ . g]kfnsf k|zf;sx?df hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf x}g ;f:tL
g} lbg'k5{ eGg] k|j[lt 5 eGg] of] klg Pp6f ultnf] pbfx/0f xf] .
k};fsf] nflu cGwfnfO{ dfq x}g{ d/]sf] dflg;nfO{ ;d]t nfO;]G;
lbb} cfPsf sd{rf/Ln] k};f kfpFbf ;DaGwLt dfG5] pkl:yt gPklg
3/d} nfO;]G; k'ofpg klg kl5 kb}{gg eGg] rrf{ Aofks g} lyP .
h;n] ubf{ nfO;]G; jfF8g\ ] lgsfox? tnb]vL dfly;Dd g} hgtfnfO{
s;/L b'Mv lbg] pgLx?af6 jl9 cfly{s zf]if0f ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf p2t

5g\ / clxn] s]lGb|s[t ug]{ klg Tolx k|j[ltsf] kl/0ffd xf] eg]/ w]/}n]
eGb} cfPsf] s'/f xf] . k};fsf] nflu cGwfnfO{ dfq x}g{ d/]sf]
dflg;nfO{ ;d]t nfo;]G; lbPsf] 36gf ;fj{hlgs gePsf x}gg\ .
sd{rf/Ln] k};f kfpFbf ;DaGwLt dfG5] pkl:yt gPklg 3/d} nfO;]G;
k'ofpg] u/]sf rrf{ klg{ Aofks g} lyP . h;n] ubf{ nfO;]G; jfF8\g]
lgsfox? tnb]vL dfly;Dd g} hgtfnfO{ s;/L b'Mv lbg] pgLx?af6
jl9 cfly{s zf]if0f ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf p2t 5g\ / clxn] s]lGb|s[t ug]{
klg Tolx k|j[ltsf] kl/0ffd xf] eg]/ w]/n
} ] eGb} cfPsf] s'/f xf] .
xtf/ xtf/ kl/kq u/]/ sf/f]jf/ /f]Ssf ug'{ / b'O dlxgf
ljlt;Sbf klg gofF k|fjwfgnfO{ nfu' ug{ s'g} kxn gug'n
{ ] st}
cGrn cGrnaf6 e]nf x'g] Psd'i6 gh/fgfn] gk'u/] s]Gb|d} Psd'i6
hDdf kfg]{ lgot g} xf]sL eGg] w]/}sf] z\sf 5 . To;}klg ;jf/L
rfns cg'dlt kq ljt/0f ug]{ oftfoft ljefub]vL cGrn :t/;Ddsf
sd{rf/Ln] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq ljt/0f ubf{ /fh:j eGbf jl9
3'; glnO sfd ub}g{ g eGg] s'/fsf] ;j{q 1ft 5.
sd{rf/Lx?n] ;j{;fwf/0faf6 cfFkm}n] k|ToIf 3'; gp7fP/
s]xL 8fOle\ OlG:6Ro"6 / n]vfkl9 Joj;foL dfkm{t p7fpg] /
dlxgfdf ;j}n] jfF8Lr'8F L ug]{ ub{y] . cGrn cGrnaf6 p7]sf]
3';sf] /sd ljefu;Dd k'UbYof] v} ljefu / cGrnsf sd{rf/L aLr
s] ldn]g / clxn] ljefun] ;j}lt/ 7Kk kfl/ lbof] eGg] u5{g
klxn]sf s{rf/Lsf ldl8o6/sf] sfd ug]{ 8fOle\ :s"n ;Grfns /
n]vfkl9 Joj;foLx? . jf:tjdf rln /x]sf] k|lqmofnfO{ cj?4
kfg]{ gofF klg sfo{Gjog gug]{ / ljsNk ;d]t glbg] ljefusf]
jt{dfg e"ldsfn] pgLx?n] nufPsf] cf/f]k ;lx g} xf] eGg] cfz+sf
a9fpF5 . /fi6 ;]js sd{rf/Lx? klg ;j} hgf e|i6 5g\ eGg] x}g
t/ s]xL e|i6 sd{rf/Lx?sf] rnv]nn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ b'Mv lbg
OdfGbf/ /fi6 ;]jsnfO{ u'd/fxdf /fv]sf] x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ gul/ b]ze/Lsf dflg;x?nfO{ Tolt ;fgf]
sfdsf nflu sf7df8f} wfP/ xKtf} a;]/ bzf}+ xhf/ vr{ ug{ jfWo
kfg]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L b'Mv lbg] sfd s;af6 lsg eof] eGg]
s'/f ;dod} vf]hL u/]/ bf]ifLnfO{ s8f sfjf{xL / oyfl;3| k"jf{wf/
Joj:yfkgsf] sfd u/]/ cj?4 k|lqmofnfO{ ;'rf? ug{ ;DalGwt
dGqfno / lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lx?sf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 . gofF
k|fjwfg cg';f/ 6fon kl/Iff ;Grfng ug]{ k"jf{wf/sf nflu sDtLdf
Ps lj3f hUuf cfjZos kb{5 . t/ w]/} oftfoft sfof{nodf hUuf
Aoj:yfkgsf] d'n ;d:of 5 . olb k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ tTsfn ;+ej
eP u/]/ / geP k"jf{wf/ tof/ gx'Gh]n k'/fg} lgod cg';f/ ePklg
sfd ;'rf? ug'{ g} >]o:s/ x'G5 .

;Dkfbsk|sfzs M s[i0f e/fO{

;u/dfyf c~rn k|ltlglw M /fhg k/fh'nL, d]rL c~rn k|ltlglw M hLcf/ af:sf]6f,
cfj/0f M /fh]z a'9fyf]sL ;fh;Hhf M k|d] e/fO{
7]ufgf M O6x/L%, ;'g;/L, kmf]g M )@%%*@^!*, (*%@)%%&)%, zfvf sfof{no M lj/f6gu/, a/uf5L
E-mail : arthabeat@gmail.com, j]e M www.arthabeat.com.np, Ok]k/ M k|sfz OGkmf]l;;, lj/f6gu/
d'b|0f M c/lgsf] ckm;]6 k|;] , lj/f6gu/
2

c;f/ @)&)

cfj/0f

cy{la6 ;+jfbbftf
h]7 clGtd ;ftf k|sflzt ePsf] P;Pn;L kl/Iffsf]
glthf lgs} sdhf]/ b]vLof] . b]ze/Laf6 ;xeflu ePsf
ljBfyL{ dWo] $! k|ltzt ljBfyL{n] dfq kmnfd] 9f]sf kf/ ug{
;kmn eP .
ToxL kmnfd] 9f]sf kf/ ug{] lta| rfxfgf af]s]/ ;'g;/Lsf]
rt/fsf b'O k|f}9 dlxnfx? lbgx'F ljBfno wfO /x]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?sf] h;/L klg P;Pn;L kf; ul/ 5f8\g] b[9tf 5 . Tof]
b[9tfn] klg P;Pn;L kl/Iffsf] dxTjnfO{ emNsfpF5 . clxn]
hflu/ xf]; jf pRr lzIff cWoog h] ;'s}sf] nflu klg kf/
ug}k{ g]{ klxnf] v'6l\ snf] xf] P;Pn;L -k|jl] zsf_ kl/Iff .
h;/L ePklg P;Pn;L kf; u/]/} hf]8\g] b[9tf lnP/
ljBfno wfO /x]sf ;'g;/Lsf] a/fxIf]q uflj; j8f g+ #
rt/fsf #^ jifL{of /0fdfof tfdf\ / #% jifL{of lrgf /fO{
k9\g] OR5fnfO{ pd]/n] 5]Sb}g eGg] pbfx/0f ag]sf 5g\ .
/0fdfof cfk\mgf ^ hgf 5f]/f5f]/L x'ls{Pkl5 ljut #
jif{bv
] L pgLx?;Fu} :yfgLo cfb{z pRr dfWoflds ljBfno
rt/fdf egf{ eP/ cWoog ub}{ cfPsL 5g\ . xfn sIff !) df

cWoog/t /0fdfofsL h]7L 5f]/Ln] ut jif{g} P;Pn;L plt0f{

ul/ pRr lzIff cWoog/t 5g\ . h]7f] 5f]/f k|sfzn] o;} jif{
P;Pn;L lbP . dfOnf] 5f]/f bfjf / pgL eg] Pp6} sIffdf
cWoog ub}{ cfPsf5g\ . cGo b'O efO 5f]/f ;f]xL ljBfnodf
sIff ( df / sfG5L 5f]/L sIff & df cWoog/t /x]sf5g .
cfk\mgf 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu} ;]tf] ;6{, lgnf] :s6{, h'Qf df]hf /
6fOdf ;lhP/ ljBfno hfg] / ;Fu} kmls{g] /0fdfofsf] lbgrof{
rln /x]sf] 5 . h;/L ePklg P;Pn;L kf; ug]{ nIo /x]sf]
pgL atfpFl5g\ .
/0fdfof;Fu} sIff !) df cWoog/t #% jlif{of lrgf /fO{
klg ljut b'O jif{bv
] L ;f]xL ljBfnodf cWoog ub}{ cfPsL
5g\ . >Ldfg\ j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf uPkl5 5f]/f5f]/L klg lbpF;f]
ljBfno hfg yfn] . To;kl5 cfFk'm lbge/ 3/df PSn} x'g]
l:ytL ePkl5 >Ldfg;Fu} ;Nnfx u/]/ ljBfno cfpg yfn]sL
x'F . pgn] egLg\ . ;ft sIff plt0f{ ePkl5 ljjfx ePsfn]
k9fO k'/f ug{ gkfPsL lrgfdfof h;/L klg P;Pn;L kf;
u/]/ sn]h k9\g] OR5f /x]sf] atfpFl5g\ . lrgfdfofn] cfk\mgf
b'O 5f]/fnfO{ rfFxL af]l8{\ :s"n k9fpFb} cfPsL 5g\ . 5f]/f5f]/L
x'sf{P/ ljBfno cfpg yfn]sf pgLx?sf sf/0f ljBfnodf

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b'O{ hgf k|f9} ljBfyL{sf

sf/0f ;du| ljBfnodf /fd|f]
k|efj k/]sf] 5 .
k|frfo{
cWoog/t cGo ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;d]t cg'zfl;t
x'g d2t k'of{Psf] ljBfnosf lzIfs /fhg
9sfnsf] egfO 5 .
/0fdfofsf klt ch'{g tfdf\ klg >LdtL
k9\g uPsf]df v';L nfu]sf] atfpF5g\ . pgsf]
klxn]b]vL g} k9\g] OR5f ePsfn] d}n] 3/fo;L
sfd yfd]/ ePklg ljBfno hfg ;xof]u u/]sf]
xf] .ch'{gn] eg] . k9fOdf cfk\mgf 5f]/f 5f]/L
l;lgo/ ePsfn] cfFkm' n] ghfg]sf] s'/f pgLx?n]
l;sfO lbg] x'bF f 6\o;
" g k9\g' kg]{ cfjZostf
gk/]sf] /0fdfof atfpFl5g\ .
/0fdfof;Fu} sIff !) df cWoog/t pgsf
dfOnf 5f]/f bfjf tfdf\ cfdf ljBfno cfpg
yfn]sfn] cfFk'mx?nfO{ klg ;lhnf] ePsf]
atfpF5g\ . pxfF cfFkm} :s"n cfpg] ePsfn]
ljBfnodf / ljBfnoaf6 3/ uPkl5 x'g]
k9fOsf] nf]8 pxfFn] /fd|/L a'e\mg yfNg' ePsf]
5 . pgL eG5g\ .
ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks cf]ds'df/ zdf{
k|f}9 pd]/df lzIffsf] dxTj j'em]/ cfPsfn]
pgLx?af6 c?n] klg k|/] 0ff kfpg] atfpF5g\ .
pgLx?sf] pd]/ jl9 ePsfn] cGo jfnjflnsf
h:tf] l56f] a'e\mg ;Sb}gg\ t/ pgLx?sf]
k|oTgnfO{ eg] dfGg' k5{ . pgLx? b'O{ hgf k|f9}
ljBfyL{sf sf/0f ;du| ljBfnodf /fd|f] k|efj
k/]sf] zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . zdf{sf cg';f/
c? ljBfyL{ ljBfnodf w]/} cg'kl:yt ePklg
pgLx? lgoldt ljBfno cfpg] u/]sf]n]
pgLx?df lzIff cfh{gsf] lta| OR5f /x]sf]
cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 .
4

c;f/ @)&)

cfj/0f

vl:sbf]
P;Pn;L kl/)ffd

k"jf{Grnaf6 o; jif{ P;Pn;Ldf ;xeflu dWo] #! bzdnj

$$ k|ltzt dfq ljBfyL{ plt0f{ ePsf 5g\ . of] kl/0ffd ut
jif{sf] eGbf # bzdnj %^ k|ltztn] sd xf] .
If]qLo lzIff lgb]z
{ gfno wgs'6fsf cg';f/ k"jf{Grn If]qaf6
@)^( sf] P;Pn;L kl/Iffdf ** xhf/ $ ;o *! kl/IffyL{
;xeflu lyP . tL dWo] @@ xhf/ * ;o @^ hgf plt0f{ ePsf
x'g\ . lhNnfut tYof\s cg';f/ emfkfdf $( bzdnj %
k|ltzt,df]/\df $^ bzdnj ! k|ltzt, ;'g;/Ldf $@ bzdnj
!% k|ltzt, ;f]nv
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bzdnj #* k|ltzt / wgs'6fdf @% bzdnj !& k|ltzt
ljBfyL{ plt0f{ ePsf5g\ . k"jf{Grnsf !^ cf]6} lhNnf dWo]
;j}eGbf sd ljBfyL{ plt0f{ x'g] lhNnf ef]hk'/ /x]sf] 5 . ;f]
lhNnfdf !# bzdnj @) k|ltzt dfq kl/IffyL{ plt0f{ ePsf]
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{ gfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
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s]xL jif{ cl3b]vL P;Pn;Ldf
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5g\ . pgn] *;o k"0ff{\ssf]
kl/Iffdf pgn] & ;o %! (# bzdnj *& k|ltzt c\s
NofPsf x'g\ . ;'g;/Lsf] Og?jfl:yt gjo'u Ps]8d
] LsL 5fqf
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. pgn] (! bzdnj
#*k|ltzt -s'n & ;o #!_
c\s NofPsL 5g\ . 5fqtkm{
eg] b' x jLl:yt dx] G b|
d]df]l/onsf s[i0f ;fx pTs[i6
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bzdnj #*k| l tzt g}
k|fKtf\s NofPsf 5g\ .

glthfaf6 lrQ a'em]sf] 5}gM

;ndf

@)^( ;fnsf] P;Pn;Ldf d'l:nd 5fqfx? dWo]af6 ;j}eGbf

jl9 c\s NofP/ plt0f{ ePsL dx]Gb|
d]df]l/on af]l8{ :s'n b'xjLsL 5fqf
;ndf vft'gn] cfFkm'n] k|fKt u/]sf]
glthfaf6 lrQ ga'em]sf] u'gf;f]
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&% k|ltzt c\s NofPsL x'g\ .
d]/f] cem} jl9 Nofpg] nIo lyof]
. g]kfnL / ;f];ndf hlt c\s
cfof] To;af6 d]/f] lrQ b'vs
] f] 5
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dg 5 . pgn] elgg\ .
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b]ze/s} pTs[i6 ePsL pgn] cfk\mgf] ;dfhn] 5f]/LnfO{ klg
cj;/ lbg'kg]{ atfPsL 5g\ . clxn];Dd d'l:nd ;dfhn] 5f]/LnfO{
vf;} cj;/ lbb}g . To;}n] w]/n} ] %& sIff plt0f{ u/]kl5 k9fO
5f]8g\ jfWo eO /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . olb cj;/ lbg] xf] eg] d'l:nd
;d'bfosf 5f]/L klg k|ltef b]vfpg sd 5}gg\pgn] elgg\ .
cfFkm' nfO{ eg] cfk\mgf] 3/ kl/jf/ / dfjnLaf6 ;d]t /fd|f]
;xof]u / pT;fx k|fKt ePsfn] ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] atfpFb} pgn]
cj;/ kfpFbf d'l:nd 5f]/Ln] klg s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg ;S5g\ eGg]
pbfx/0f cfFkm' n] b]vfpg] OR5f /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbOg . ;Kt/L lhNnf
3/ eO{ b'xjLl:yt dfdf3/df a;]/ g;{/Lb]vL g} dx]Gb| d]df]l/ondf
cWoog u/]sL ;ndf cfFkm' n] ljBfnos} cWoogsf] e/df ;kmntf
kfPsf] atfOg . dnfO{ 6\o;" g eg]sf] s] xf] yfxf 5}g, w]/} ;fyLx?
6\o;" k9\g] eGb} hfGy] t/ d ljBfno ;lsPkl5 3/d} j;]/ PSn}
k9\by] ghfg]sf] / ga'em]sf] s'/f ef]nL kN6 ljBfnod} uP/ ;f]Wg]
/ a'em\ g] ub{y+ ] pgn] elgg\ . ljxfg $ jh] p7]/ * jh];Dd /
a]ns
' f ljBfnoaf6 kmls{kl5 /ftL !! jh];Dd k9\g] u/]sfn]
;kmntf ldn]sf] pgn] atfOg . pgsf a'jf d':tfs cxdb
dG;'/L lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no vf]6f\ cGt{ut x]Ny cl;:6]06
kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . ;ndfnfO{ klg a'jfs} k]zf ckgfpg]
OR5f ePsfn] d]l8sn ;fOG; g} k9\g] atfpFl5g\ . pgsf
dfjnL xh"/a'jf / dfdfsf] ;d]t k]zf :jf:Yo k|fljlws} xf] .
dx]Gb| d]df]l/ons} 5fqf ;ndf vft'gn] *( bzdnj &%
k|ltzt c\s NofPsL 5g\ . ;+ejt pgL pgsf] ;d'bfosf
5fqfx? dWo]af6 b]ze/L s} pTs[i6 x'g\ . ljBfnosf
;+:yfks lgZrn/fh zfSon] eg] . o; k6s ;'g;/L
lhNnfsf u|fld0f If]qsf ljBfnox?n] klg /fd|f] glthf
NofPsf 5g\ . ;'g;/Lsf] e/f}n l:yt l;4fy{ d]df]l/on /
d'gljd Ps]8d] L, dx]Gb|gu/sf]
;'g;/Lsf ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 # hgf ljlzi6 >]0fLdf
;'g;/L lhNnfsf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf] kl/0ffd Tolt

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/fd|f] gcfP klg o; jif{ ljlzi6 >]0fLdf # hgfn] plt0f{

u/]sf5g\ . o; cl3 Ps b'O hgfdfq of] >]0fLdf plt0f{ x'g]
u/]sfdf o; jif{ cfbz{ pRr dflj rt/faf6 dfq} b'O hgfn]
ljlzi6 >]0fLdf plt0f{ u/]sf 5g\ . e'jg ;'jb] L / /f]zgs'df/
emfn] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] glthf NofPsf] ljBfnosf k|frfo{
cf]ds'df/ zdf{n] hfgsf/L lbP . pgLx? dWo] ;'jb] Ln] *@
k|ltzt / emfn] *) k|ltzt c\s NofPsf 5g\ . cfbz{ pRr
dfljaf6 ljut $ jif{bv
] L lg/Gt/ ! ! hgfn] ljlzi6 >]0fL
xfl;n ub}{ cfPsf lyP . To:t} hgtf pRr dflj O6x/LsL
5fqf cf;of ld>n] *$ bzdnj !@ k|ltzt c\s NofPsL
5g\ .
dlg{\ :6f/ / ;'g;/L uf8]g{ Ps]8d] L, k|sfzk'/sf] ;g;fOg
Ps]8d] L nufotn] ;t k|ltzt ljBfyL{ plt0f{ u/fpg ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . k|sfzk'/sf] ;g;fOgsf ^ hgf ljBfyLn] ljlzi6
>]0fLdf plt0f{ u/]sf]df ljZj/fh cfrfo{n] clgjfo{ ul0ft ljifodf
;t k|ltzt ;lxt *& k|ltzt k|fKtf\s NofPsf] ljBfnosf
;Grfns nfnaxfb'/ /fOn] hfgsf/L lbP .
;}lgs cfjfl;o ;'g;/Lsf] pTs[i6
w/fgl:yt ;}lgs cfjfl;o ljBfnon] o; jif{sf] k|jl] zsf
kl/Iffdf lhNnfs} pTs[i6 glthf NofPsf] 5 . ;f] ljBfnoaf6
(! hgf ljBfyL{n] kl/Iff lbPsf]df ^^ hgfn] ljlzi6 >]0fL /
@% hgfn] k|yd >]0fLdf plt0f{ u/]sf x'g\ . of] glthf;Fu} ;}lgs
cfjfl;o dflj lhNnfd} ;j}eGbf jl9 ;+Vofdf ljlzi6 >]0fLdf
ljBfyL{ plt0f{ u/fpg] ljBfno 3f]lift ePsf] xf] .
P;Pn;Ldf sd ljBfyL{ plt0f{ x'gs
' f] sf/0f s] dfGg'
x'G5 <
@)^( ;fnsf] P;Pn;L kl/Iffsf] glthf ljut eGbf sd
dfq cfPg ljutdf ;t\kl| tzt ljBfyL{ plt0f{ u/fpFb} cfPsf
gfd rn]sf clwsf+z ;+:yfut ljBfnosf w]/} ljBfyL{x? km]n
eP . o;} ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ xfdLn] o; k6s P;Pn;Lsf] l/hN6
sd cfpgsf] sf/0f af/] ;'g;/L / df]/\sf lglh ljBfno
;+u7gsf kbflwsf/Lx? tyf ;+:yfut ljBfnosf lk|lG;knx?sf]
cledt lnPsf 5f}+ . Tof] cledtsf] ;f/ oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k/LIff dof{lbt ePsfn]

l/hN6 36]sf] xf]
z+s/ yfkf, s]lGb|o ;b:o, KofA;g
lk|lG;kndfp06 dgf:n' af]l8{,\ b'xjL
kl/IffnfO{ dof{lbt agfpg yfn]sfn] l/hN6
36]sf] xf] . tNn} txb]vL /f]u nfu]sf] cj:yfdf
dflydfq pkrf/ vf]h]/ x'b}g . d"Vo bf]ifL /fHo 5
. kf7\o k':ts ljBfyL{sf] pd]/ cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ug'{ cfjZos
5 . ljBfno zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff ul/Pklg sfo{Gjog x'g ;s]g .
lzIf0f ;+:yfdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cj/f]w cfpg glbg]
Aoj:yf x'g' k5{ . 1fg / u'0f:t/ eGbf g+j/sf] kl5 nfu]/ h]
klg ug]{ k|jl[ tsf] cGTo x'gk' 5{ .
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;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of

aGb x8tfn xf]
hLjk|;fb u'/fufOF, pkfWoIf
;+:yfut ljBfno ;dGjo ;ldlt
O6x/L
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k9fpg kfP xfdLn] w]/} ug{ ;Sg] lyof}+ .
t/ aGb x8tfnn] ;j}eGbf 7"nf] c;/
kf/]sf] 5 . ;'g;/L lhNnfsf ljBfno /
;/f]sf/ jfnf lgsfox?n] ljBfnonfO{
aGb /lxt agfpg k|ltj4tf ug{ h?/L 5 . ;j} eGbf 7"nf]
;d:of /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf eft[ ;+u7g ePsf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] k|ltj4tf hgfO lbPdf lzIff If]qsf] d"n ;d:of
xn xG5 .

pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fd}
z\sf plAhPsf] 5
hut uhd]/ lk|lG;kn
An'ld\ nf]6; ;]s]08/L :s"n O6x/L
l/hN6 sd cfpg'df d"Nof\sg-pQ/
k'l:tsf kl/If0f_d} z\sf ug'{kg]{ cfPsf] 5 .
lgs} d]wfjL / w]/} cfz ul/Psf ljBfyL{sf]
klg g+j/ sd cfPsfn] w]/} ljBfyL{x? g} sfkL
hfFr u/fpg] of]hgfdf /x]sf 5g\ . () k|ltzt
eGbf jl9 c\s Nofpg] cfzf u/]sfx?sf] &)
sf] cf;kf;df gDa/ cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] z\sf
a9]sf] xf] . kl/Iff xndf s8f eP h:t} pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fdf
klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 .

k/LIff xn aflx/
s8fO x'g' /fd|f] xf]
lgZrn/fh zfSo -lk|lG;kn_
dx]Gb| d]df]l/on ;]s0] 8/L :s'n b'xjL, ;'g;/L
o; cl3 kl/Iff s]Gb| jflx/ ljBfyL{x?sf
cfkmGt / z'e lrGtssf] 7"nf] le8 nfUg]
ub{Yof] . b'o jif{b]vL k|zf;gn] To:tf] le8
hDdf x'g /f]s]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ jflx/sf]
s8fOn] klg ljBfyL{sf] dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g
x'g] /x]5 . kl/Iffdf s8fO x'g' /fd|f] s'/f xf]
t/ to;n] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] xf] sL x}g eGg]

s'/fn] c;/ ub{5 . kl/Iffdf lg/Gt/ s8fO ug'{ k5{ eGg] d]/f]
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ljsf; ;j} ljBfyL{df x'g h?/L 5 .

cg'zf;gsf] sdLn]
l/hN6 sd cfPsf] xf]
b]jgf/fo0f 9sfn -lk|lG;kn_
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l/hN6 sd cfpg'sf] d"n sf/0f ljBfyL{df
cg'zf;gsf] sdL xf] . df]jfOnsf] k|of]u,
km];a's h:tf k|ljlw lzIffsf] nflu ljif
;/x x'g yfn]sf5g\ . ljBfyL{x? To;}df
cndlnP/ k9\g' kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;do v]/
kmfNg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;DemfpFbf klg g;lDemg]
k|j[lt a9]sf] 5 . csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f o;
jif{ lj1fg ljifodf w]/} ljBfyL{ km]n ePsf
5g\ . sf/0f lj1fgsf] k|Zg gj'lemg], kf7\oqmd eGbf aflx/af6
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u/]sf] cj:yfdf Ps} k6s kl/Iff s8f eO lbPsf] sf/0f
klg l/hn6 k|efljt eof] . kl/IffnfO{ s8f ug}{k5{ t/ st}
s8f ug]{ st} v'Nn} 5f]8\g] sfd eP . cfufdL jif{ o; jif{sf
sdhf]/LnfO{ x6fpg ;j}lt/ Ps} lsl;dsf] Aojxf/ xf];
eGg] ;'emfj lbg rfxG5' .

k/LIff eGbf sfkL

s6fOdf s8fO eof]
cRo"t 9sfn -k|aGws_
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em'Dsf, ;'g;/L
kl/Iffdf s8fO ul/g' /fd|f] xf] .
t/ jf:tjdf kl/Iffdf vf;} s8fO
ePg . t/ sfkL s6fOdf s8fO /
q'6L ePsf] dx;'z ePsf] 5 . kl/Iff
klg s8fO ePdf ljBfyL{x?df k9\g}
k5{ eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; x'G5 .
ut jif{b]vL kl/Iffdf s8fO ug{ vf]h] h:tf] b]lvPklg Tof]
st} s8fO / st} v'Nnfsf] jftf/0fn] c;/ kfof]{ . kl/Iffdf
lg/Gt/ / Ps5t s8fO ug]{ Aoj:yf x'g' k5{ .

;+qmd0fsfnLg
/fhgLltsf] bf]if

af]wx/L cfrfo{ -lk|lG;kn_

jfO kf]OlG6\ af]l8{ :s"n O6x/L%,
l/hN6 v:sg'df ;+qmd0f sflng /fhgLlts
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eof] . s8fO;Fu} kl/Iff s]lx xb;Dd dof{lbt
klg ePsf] lyof] . t/ k"0f{ dof{lbt x'g ;s]g .
ljBfyL{df k9]/} kf; ug'{ k5{ eGg] wf/0ffsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf]
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xf] eg] qmdz ;'wf/ x'bF } hfg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 / ljBfyL{x?df
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ePdf c;Ifd ljBfyL{ P;Pn;Laf6 pDsg] / z}lIfs a]/f]huf/L
j9\g] cj:yf klg sd x'G5 .

l/hN6 lau|gs
' f] sf/0f
;/sf/sf] gLlt xf]
8]u/fh k"mon -lk|lG;kn_
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s8fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPdf bIf ljBfyL{ lg:sG5g\
. o; jif{ l/hN6 ljlu|Pklg csf]{ jif{ ;lk|G5 .

sf]if{eGbf aflx/sf
k|Zgkqn] laufof]

/fhs'df/ ;fksf]6f -lk|lG;kn_

ln6n nfj;{ ;]s]08/L O=:s"n, O6x/L%
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;+ej lyPg . To;}n] ck]Iff cg';f/ lj1fgdf g+j/ cfpg
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;+ljwfg;ef c;kmn x'gfsf sf/0fx? jf/] rrf{
ug'{xf]; h:tf kf7\o k':tsdf gePsf /
;d;fdlos /fhgLltsf ljifodf slnnf
ljBfyL{x?n] hjfkm lbg ;Sg] ;+efjgf sd
/x\of] / w]/} ljBfyL{x? km]n x'g uP .

c;f/ @)&)

k/LIffdf ;'wf/n]
lgodg s8fO geP;Dd
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k/LIff ;'lw|bg}
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afnljsf; ;]= af]l8{ :s"n xfF;kf];f, ;'g;/L

xl/zrGb| 9sfn -lk|lG;kn_

h'lk6/ O=:s"n ul5of, df]/

b]ze/Ld} l/hN6 sd cfpg'df kl/Iff

k|0fnLdf ;'wf/ x'g' Ps sf/0f xf] . kl/iff
k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ x'Fb} hfFbf tTsflng
cj:yfdf ;d:of ePklg elj:osf] nflu
/fd|f] x'G5 .
kl/Iff k| 0 ffnLdf ePsf] ;' w f/n]
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ /fd|f] l;sfOsf] pTk|]/0ff
hufpg d2t k'U5 . t/ kl/Iff k|0ffnLdf
;'wf/sf] cleofgn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg h?/L 5 .

;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] l/hN6 jif]g{ L

v:sbf] 5 . ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] l/hN6n]
OHht wfgL /xsf] cj:yf 5 . kl/Iff
k|0ffnL sdhf]/ / a]/f]huf/ nfOG; ljt/0f
ug]{ vfnsf] dfq 5 . kl/Iff k|0ffnLdf
;'wf/ x'g' k5{, s8f lgodgsf] Joj:yf x'gk' 5{ . rf]/s
] f] /
;f/]sf] e/df kf; eO xflnG5 eGg] ljBfyL{sf] dfgl;stfdf
kl/jt{g ul/ xfdLn] kf; ug{nfO{ k9\g} k5{ eGg] efjgfsf]
ljsf; ug{ lglt lgodg} To;} vfnsf] agfO lgodgnfO{ s8f
/ k|efjsf/L agfpg h?/L 5 .

;]qm]6xf6{ O6x/Lsf] pTs[i6

o;k6ssf] P;Pn;L kl/Iffdf O6x/L If]qsf ljBfnox?
dWo]af6 ;]qm]6xf6{ Ol\n; af]l8{\ :s"n pTs[i6 ePsf] 5 .
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$% eGbf jl9 ljBfnon] cfk\mgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ P;Pn;Ldf
;xeflu u/fPsfdf ljlzi6 >]0fLdf ;j}eGbf jl9 ljBfyL{ plt0f{
u/fpg]df ;]qm]6xf6{ b]lvPsf] xf] .
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plt0f{ u/fpFb} cfPsf] ljBfnosf lgb]z
{ s hLjk|;fb u'/fufOFn]
hfgsf/L lbP . ljBfnon] @ jif{ cl3 %& hgfdf !& hgf

c;f/ @)&)

ljlzi6 >]0fL / utjif{ $) hgf ;xeflu dWo] * hgf ljlzi6

>]0fL ;lxt ;tk|ltzt plt0f{ u/fPsf] lyof] . ljBfyL{x?nfO{
lgoldtsf] ;fy} cltl/St sIffsf] Aoj:yf,;do ;fk]If z}lIfs
;fdfu|Lsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u ul/ pknAwLd'ns l;sfOdf hf]8lbb}
cfPsfn] ljBfnon] lg/Gt/ ;tk|ltzt l/hN6 Nofpg ;kmn
ePsf] bfjL lk|lG;kn l8ss'df/ tfdf\sf] 5 .
ljBfnon] elj:odf cem} /fd|f] glthf xfl;n ug{
clxn]bv
] Lg} of]hgf agfpFb} cfPsf] lgb]z
{ s u'/fufOFn] hfgsf/L
lbP . u'/fufOFsf cg';f/ o;} jif{b]vL k"j{ k|flj txsf] nflu
lrN8g] kfs{ ;lxtsf] 5'66\ } k7gkf7g u[xsf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg
yflnPsf] 5 . k"j{ k|flj txsf ljBfyL{x?sf] l;sfO pknAwL
j9fpg pgLx?sf] dgf]lj1fg cg';f/ dG6]Zj/L ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6
k9fOg]5 . To:t} 7"nf sIffsf] nflu cl8of] leh'cn ljlwsf]
k|of]u ug{ 5'6\6} cl8of] lel8of] xn, k':tsfno, lj1fg
k|of]uzfnf ;Grfngsf] ;fy} k|fh
] S] 6/ k|of]u ul/ sIff ;Grfng
ug]{ tof/L ul/Psf] 5 .

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c;f/ @)&)

11

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12

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c;f/ @)&)

13

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gful/ssf] vftfdf cGosf] eGbf jflif{s ;'Go b'zdnj %)
k|ltzt jl9 Aofh lbb} cfPsf]5 eg] h]i7 gful/ssf] ;'ljwfsf]
nflu 5'66\ } sfpg6/sf] Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h]i7 gful/sx?sf]

t/x/f pjf;+3df b'nfn

;' g ;/L pBf] u jfl0fHo
;+3sf] t/x/f zfvf u7g ePsf]
5 . gj ul7t zfvfsf] cWoIfdf
t/x/f l:yt cf]dnIdL ;Knfo;{
s[i0fk|;fb b'nfn ;j{;Ddt
rog ePsf5g\ .
;+3sf] pkfWoIfdf s[i0fk|;fb
l3dL/], ;lrjdf ljsf; lu/L /
sf]iffWoIfdf wdf{ lu/L 5flgPsf
5g\ eg] ;b:ox?df zf/bf
e08f/L, dLgf vqL, hut
nfld5fg] , lzj' tfdf\ / k|lbk
s];L /x]sf5g\ .
sl/j @ ;o %) Aoj;foL /x]sf] t/x/fdf ^) hgfn]
;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lnPsf5g\ . gjul7t ;+3sf] xfn}
Ps sfo{qmd aLr pb\3f6g ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .
14

c;f/ @)&)

s[lif ljsf; a}s

\
w/fgdf yk sf/f]jf/
sfpG6/af6 h]i7 gful/snfO{dfq e'QmfgL / hDdfsf] Aoj:yf
ldnfOPsfn] cGo;Fu nfdf] ;do nfOg nfUg' kg]{ emGem6
g/x]sf] zfvf k|jGws kGyLsf] egfO 5 . zfvfn] cfk\mg} Pl8ljPn
/]ld6 ;lxt ;j} /]ld6fG; sDkgL dfkm{t cfpg] /]ld6fG; /sdsf]
e'QmfgL lbb} cfPsf] 5 . jflif{s #) s/f]8 ?k}ofF eGbf jl9
/]ld6fG; g} e'QmfgL ug]{ ;f] zfvfsf] ut r}t d;fGt;Ddsf]
lgIf]k /sd @$ s/f]8 / nufgL /sd ^) s/f]8 ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5
. o;cl3 w/fgdf a}l\s / ljsf; ul/ @ cf]6f zfvf /x]sf]df
ut jifb]vL ljsf; zfvf dh{ ePsf] lyof] .
dh{ ePkl5 ljsf; zfvfsf] shf{ nufotsf bfloTj cfPklg
ljsf; zfvfn] To;j]nf lgIf]ksf] sf/f]jf/ gul/ C0fsf] sf/f]jf/
dfq ub}{ cfPsfn] ;f] C0f ylkFbf lgIf]k eGbf nufgL al9
b]vLPsf] zfvf k|jGws kGyLn] atfP . zfvfn] @)^( r}t
d;fGt;Dd $ s/f]8 @^ nfv ?k}ofF gfkmf sdfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
u|fxsnfO{ ;do ;fk]If cTofw'lgs ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon]
s[lif ljsf; a}s
\ n] cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] z'?cft b]vL g} w/fg
;lxt k"js
{ f ljtf{df]8 / lj/f6gu/df Pl6Pd d]l;g /fv]/ Pl6Pd
sf8{ ljt/0f ug]{ tof/L eO /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

;DkGg x'g] ;a}sf] sfdgf

;Ifd rfns agfpg] xfd|f] rfxgf
tkfO{ ;jf/L rnfpg l;Sb} x'gx' G' 5 <
To;f] eP xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt u/L ( jif{bl] v ;~rfng

x'b } cfPsf] o; 8fOle ;]G6/df ljb]zaf6 ;d]t cg'ej
k|fKt k|lzIfsaf6 df]6/;fOsn, hLk,sf/ tyf Eofg rnfpg]
k|lzIf0f lbOG5 . ;fy} ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkqsf nflu
cfjZos sf]if{;d]t u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 .

6f9faf6 cfpg]sf nflu xf]:6nsf] ;d]t Joj:yf 5 .

;~rfns M uf]kfn l3ld/]

tfKn]h
' 8fOle 6l] g ;]G6/
O6x/L!,;'g;/L
kmf]g M )@%%*)(#$, (*$@)#^$&(, (*)$#)$)&^
Og?jf ;Dks{ M bLks l3ld/] -(*%@)%%*&%,(*$@!@!*&%_

PgaL a}s
+ sf] v/fa shf{ c;'nLdf ;'wf/
g]kfn a+unfb]z -PgaL_ a}\ssf]] v/fa shf{df ;'wf/
ePsf] 5 . a}\ssf] !(cf}+ jflifsf]T;jsf] sfo{qmddf a}\s
;Grfns ;ldltsf cWoIf df]xDdb n':km/ /xdfgn] rfn'
cfly{s jif{sf] r}t d;fGt;Ddsf] v/fa shf{ c;'nL ( s/f]8
^% nfv ?k}ofF /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . ut cflys{ jif{ $%
s/f]8 ?k}ofF v/fa shf{ c;'nL u/]sf] a}\sn] !% s/f]8 ?k}ofF
a/fa/sf] u}/a}l\s ;DklQ -gg a}+ls P;]6_ laqmL u/]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 .
a}s
\ sf cWoIf /xdfgn] a}s
\ sf] ;+:yfks ;]o/ laqmLaf6
cfPsf] /sd v/fa shf{ Aoj:yfkgdf k|of]u ul/g] hfgsf/L
lbP . a+unfb]zsf] cfO{PkmcfO{;L a}\sn] PgaLsf] %! k|ltzt
;]o/ vl/b u/]sf] 5 . cWoIf /xdfgn] s]lGb|o a}\sn] ;]o/
vl/b k|lqmof :jLs[t ug]{ lalQs} ;+:yfks ;]o/ vl/bafkt !
ca{ $% s/f]8 ?k}ofF k7fOg] hfgsf/L lbP . o;;Fu} a}\ssf]
gfd kl/jt{g tyf Joj:yfkgsf pRr txsf sd{rf/Lx yk
x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .
PgaL a}\s cfO{PkmcfO{;L a}\ssf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;g\
!(($ df :yflkt xf] . a}\ssf @! zfvf ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
To:t} cfO{PkmcfO{;L a}s
\ s} #) k|ltzt OSjL6L lnP/ :yfkgf
ePsf] g]kfn a+unfb]z kmfOgfG; PG8 lnlh ;g\ @))& df
PgaL a}\s;Fu dh{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

PgaL a}s
+ sf cWoIf /xdfg 9fsf :6s PS:r]Ghsf ;b:o
;d] t x' g \ . pgn] g] k fndf Aoj;fo la:tf/sfnflu
;/f]sf/jfnfxsf] ;xof]u vf]lh/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn]
g]kfnsf] hnljB"t tyf ko{6gdf nufgL a9fpg] of]hgf /x]sf]
hfgsf/L lbPsf5g\ .

cf=j=@)^*^(df a}+sn] yk * lhNnfdf cfgf *

pkzfvf lj:tf/ u/L !%lhNnf sfo{If]q agfPsf] 5 . a}+}sn] $
Onfsf sfof{no, !% zfvf sfof{no / @# pkzfvf sfof{no
u/L $# sfof{no dfkm{t n3'ljQ ;]jf lbb} cfPsf] hgfPsf] 5
. a}+sn] cfly{s jif{ @)^*)^( df @( s/f]8 @# nfv ?k}ofF
lgIf]k ;+sng / ^( s/f]8 !* nfv ?k}ofF shf{ nufgL u/]/
# s/f]8 $* nfv !# xhf/ ?k}ofF ;Grfng d'gfkmf / @ s/f]8
lj/f6gu/l:yt g]?8] n3'ljQ ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8n] @! Nffv %$ xhf/ v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] lyof] .
:yfkgfsf] ^ jif{ k'/f ubf{;Dd cfk\mgf ;]o/ wgLnfO{ ! ;o
%% k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ / $! k|ltzt gub nfef+z k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 .
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ^) nfv ;lxt ?=@ s/f]8 r'QmfkF'hLaf6
cfly{s jif{ @)^$)^% b]vL ;Grfng x'Fb} cfPsf] g]?8]n]
cfly{s jif{ @)^^ )^& ;Ddsf] # jif{sf] d'gfkmfaf6 ;t
k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ / @) k|ltzt gub nfef+z tyf
@)^&)^*df ?=@ s/f]8 (( nfv (% xhf/ ?k}ofF v'b
d'gfkmf cfh{g ul/ ;]o/wgLx?nfO{ $) k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ /
!) k|ltzt gub nfef+z lbPsf] lyof] .
a}+sn] cfly{s jif{ @)^*)^( df ?=@ s/f]8 @! Nffv
%$ xhf/ v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g ul/ !%k|ltzt jf]gz z]o/ /
!) bzdnj &( k|ltzt gub nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o
kfl/t u/L d'gfkmf ljt/0f u/]sf] xf] .

g]?8]sf] !%% af]g;

/ $! gub nfef+z

c;f/ @)&)

15

g]kfn a}s
\ sf]
xsk|b ;]o/
g]kfn a}s
\ lnld6]8n]
ut h]7 ( ut]bv
] L xsk|b
;]o/ hf/L u/]sf]5 . a}s
+ n]
# ca{ ^! s/f]8 (^ nfv
!& xhf/ $ ;o ?k}ofF
a/fa/sf] k|lt lsQf Ps;o
?k}ofF c+lst b/sf # s/f]8
^! nfv (^ xhf/ ! ;o
&$ lsQf ;]o/ lgZsf;g
z'? u/]sf] xf] .
a}\sn] ;]o/wgLsf
nflu k|ltlsQf ( bzdnj
% sf] cg'kftdf xsk|b
hf/L ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . ;]o/ laqmL v'nf c;f/ !@ ut];Dd /xg]
atfOPsf]5 . xsk|b ;]o/ hf/Lkl5 a}s
\ sf] r'Qmf k"h
F L $ ca{
?k}ofF k'Ug]5 . ;/sf/n] a}s
+ nfO{ cfk\mgf] lx:;f jfktsf] /sd
pknAw u/fO;s]sf] 5 . a}sdf ;/sf/sf] #* bzdnj ^)

lsi6 a}saf6 1jfnLsf]

/flhgfdf, 3tL{ sfo{sf/L

16

c;f/ @)&)

k|ltzt ;]o/ :jfldTj 5 . ;j{;fwf0f, ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf

sd{rf/Lx?sf] ^! bzdnj $) k|ltzt ;]o/ lx:;f 5 . a}s
+ n]
;]o/ ljt/0fsf nflu lwtf]kq lg:sf;g tyf laqmL k|aGwsdf
gful/s nufgL sf]if / ;xlaqmL k|aGwsdf l;len Soflk6n
dfs]6{ lnld6]8nfO{ lgo'St u/]sf] 5 . a}s
+ n] cfk\mgf sfof{nox?
dfkm{t cfj]bg lbg;Sg] Joj:yf;d]t ldnfPsf] 5 .
a}s
+ n] xsk|b ;]o/ lg:sf; ug{ ( jif{kl5 cfk\mgf] ;]o/
k'gM g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh -g]K;]_df ;"rLs[t ul/;s]sf] 5 .
a}s
+ sf] #* nfv # xhf/ * ;o @^ lsQf ;]o/ ;"rLs[t 5 .
a}s
+ n] rfn' cflys{ jif{sf] r}t d;fGt;Dd #$ ca{ %) s/f]8
C0f nufgL u/L %^ ca{ lgIf]k ;+sng u/]sf] 5 . a}s
+ n] cflys{
jif{ @)&!)&@ df ;]o/wgLnfO{ nfef+z Vjfpg] of]hgf agfPsf]
hgfPsf] 5 .
a}s
+ sf] clxn]sf] r'Stf k"h
F L #* s/f]8 ?k}ofF 5 . &^ jif{
k'/fgf] a}s
+ df ;/sf/ / ;j{;fwf/0fn] kFh
" L nufgL u/]kl5 cj:yf
;'lw|g] 5 .
clxn] a}s
+ sf] Joj:yfkg /fi6 a}s
+ n] x]l//x]sf] 5 . /fi6
a}s
+ n] cfufdL k';;Dd Joj:yfkg x]gu{] /L r}tdf s/f/ gjLs/0f
u/]sf] 5 . k"h
F L sf]if a9fpg a}s
+ n] lgliqmo cj:yfsf ;DklQdWo]
@ ca{sf] lalqm ug]{ tof/L u/]sf] 5 . ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu' x'gk' j" {
a}s
+ sf] k"h
F L sf]if !@ ca{ %* s/f]8 ?k}ofF C0ffTds lyof] .
clxn] of] 36]/ $ ca{ @@ s/f]8 ?k}ofF C0ffTds /x]sf] 5 .
a}s
+ sf ! ;o !% cf]6f zfvf sfof{no ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
a}l\s\ s;'/sf] cleof]udf lsi6 a}\ssf k|jGw lgb]{zs
sdnk|;fb 1jfnLsL >LdtL uf}/L vgfn 1jfnL dfly sfjf{xL
cl3 j9]kl5 k|jGw lgb]z
{ s 1jfnLn] a}s
\ af6 /flhgfdf lbPsf
5g\ . l;4fy{ 8]enkd]G6 a}\sdf ^ s/f]8 d"Nosf] 3/hUuf
lwtf] /fv]/ hDsf] k|sfzgsf] gfddf uf}/L ;d]tn] !# s/f]8
?k}ofF C0f lnP/ b'?kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPkl5 g]kfn k|x/Lsf]
s]lGb|o cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]n] uf}/L / hDsf] k|sfzgsf ;Grfns
lszf]/ 9sfnnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lyof] .
k|x/Lsf] s]lGb|o cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]af6 >LdtL 1jfnL kqmfp
k/]kl5 lsi6 a}s
\ sf ;Grfns tyf k|aGw lgb]z
{ s 1jfnLn]
/flhgfdf lbPsf x'g\ . pgn] 5fgljgsf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f
agfpg /flhgfdf lbPsf] atfPklg g]kfn /fi6 a}s
\ n] lsi6sf]
;Grfns ;ldltnfO{ 1jfnLnfO{ /flhgfdf u/fpg lgb]{zg
lbPkl5 ;Grfns ;ldltsf] bjfjdf 1jfnLn] /flhgfdf lbPsf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
1jfnLn] /flhgfdf lbPkl5 lsi6sf] ;Grfns ;ldltn]
gfoj k|dv
' sfo{sf/L clws[t laPg 3tL{nfO{ sfd' k|dv
'
sfo{sf/L clws[tdf lgo'QmL u/]sf] 5 .
cg';Gwfgaf6 yk /x:o v'Ng yfn]kl5 pQm sf08df
d'l5PsL uf}/L / lszf]/sf ;j} a}\s vftf /f]Ssf ul/Psf] 5
. g]kfn /fi6 a}s
\ n] ;j} a}s
\ tyf ljlQo ;+:yfnfO{ kl/kq
u/]/ pgLx?sf] vftf /f]Ssf u/fPsf] xf] . pQm 36gf ePklg
g]kfn /fi6 a}s
\ n] l;4fy{ 8]enkd]G6 / lsi6 a}s
\ b'jd
} f
sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL cGo ;d:of g/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

;flgdfsf k|fyldstf M

s[lif tyf dlxnf pBdL shf{

nfnafa' ;fx
;flgdf a}+ s
\ u}X cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx?4f/f k|jl{t s
ju{sf] ljtLo ;+:yf xf] . h;n] 5f]6] f] ;dod} Ps ;an jfl0fHo
a}+ s
\ sf] ?kdf :yflkt eP/ cf\gf] kl/ro cu|:yfgdf /fVg
;n ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;lxt b]ze/L ljleGg
lhNnfdf o; a}+ s
\ sf @$ cf]6f zfvfx? 5g\ .
s8f k|lt:kwf{df klg lg/Gt/ ?kdf lgIf]k, shf{ tyf
d'gff j[l4 ug{ ;n /x]sf] ;flgdfn] cfk\mgf] ;an ljlQo
cj:yf, ;+:yfut ;'zf;g / :tl/o ;]jfx?n] ubf{ g} ljsf;
a}+\saf6 :t/f]Gglt eO{ s ju{sf] afl0fHo a}+\ssf] ?kdf
:yflkt x'g ;n ePsf] 5 . afl0fHo a}+ s
\ sf] ?kdf ;+rfng
ePsf] klxnf] jif{d} pTs[i6 ljtLo ljj/0f k|:t't ug{ ;n
/x]sf] ;flgdfn] rfn' cf=j= -@)^()&)_ sf] t];f| ] q}df;;Dddf
?=!^=!&* ca{ lgIf]k, ?=!$=@) ca{ shf{ tyf ?=@!=!%s?f]8
v'b d'gff xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . h''g utjif{sf] ;f]lx cjlwsf]
t'ngfdf !;o&) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Gt'lnt tyf
Jojl:yt shf{ nufgL ub}{ cfPsf]] ;flgdfn] 3/, hUuf, pBf]u,
Joj;fo, lzIff, ;jf/L ;fwgsf] If]qdf nufgL ug's
{ f] ;fy;fy}
ljleGg ;fgf tyf 7'nf hnljB't kl/of]hgfx?df ;d]t nufgL
u/]sf] 5 . rfn' cfjsf] t];|f] q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ o;
a}+\ssf] s'n shf{ nufgL ?==!$=@) ca{ /x]sf] 5 eg] v/fa
shf{ cg'kft )=)^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfdf /x]sf shf{sf If]qx?
;flgdf a}+ s
\ n] dlxnf pBdL tyf s[lif If]qdf cfTdlge{/
x'g rfxg] JoQmLx?nfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ug{sf] nfuL tLgnfv ?k}ofF
;Ddsf] Sanima Women Entrepreneur Loan tyf ?= @ nfv %)
xhf/;Ddsf] Sanima Livestock Loan o; a}+ s
\ sf ;Dk"0f{
zfvfaf6 ;xh ?kdf pknAw u/fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 .

kl/If0f, cgfy afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;xof]u, h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{

;Ddfg nufot :yflgo 5gf}6 ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf ljkGg
ju{sf ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lt nufotsf ;]jf k'ofpFb} cfPsf]
5 . xfn >L s;]gL pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf cWog/t
a]naf/L( a:g] k|utL l3ld/] tyf >L nIdL pRr dfWolds
ljBfnodf cWog/t 8fFluxf6% a:g] ;'h' /f]sfxf ;d]t u?L
@ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfg} /f]hfOsf] lzIf0f ;+:yf tyf ;+sfodf
pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ 5fqj[QL k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}
z}lIfs ;+:yfdf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ z'Nsx?, z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx?sf
cltl/Qm dfl;s k|ltJoQmL ?=@,))) gub j[lQ pknAw
u/fpb} cfO{/x]sf] 5 . a]/f]huf/ o'jfo'jtLx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/
agfpg] of]hgf cGtu{t :yflgo 5gf}6 ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf
ljkGg ju{sf ;'dg ljZjsdf{, ;f]d' /fO{, k|e/' fd rf}w/L, eb|
s'df/ dfemL / ;'lgtf /fO{ ;d]t % a]/f]huf/ o'jfo'jtLx?nfO{
cfg} /f]hfOsf] ljleGg tflndx? k|bfg ug{ ljleGg ;DalGwt
;+:yfx?df lgMz'Ns :j/f]huf/ tflndx? k|bfg u/fpb} cfO/x]sf]
5 . tflnddf nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ z'Nsx?, ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? nufPt
dfl;s k|ltJoQmL ?=!,%)) vfhf vr{ ;d]t pknAw u/fpb}
cfO/x]sf] 5 .
a}s
+ df vftfdf ;'ljwf
;flgdfn] ljleGg -art, rNtL / d'2tL_ vftfx? ;+rfngdf
NofPsf] 5 . h;df u|fxsx?n] cfgf cfjZostf cg';f/sf
vftf vf]nL cfsif{s Aofhb/, P=l6=Pd=, P;=Pd=P;,
P=la=la=P;, cfO{ a}l+ s ;]jf nufPt Ps nfv;Ddsf] b'36{ gf
d[To' ladf h:tf ;'ljwfx? k|fKtug{ ;Sg'xg' 5
] . ;fy} ;flgdfsf
Pl6Pd k|of]ustf{x?n] b]ze/L 5l/P/ /x]sf !! ;o eGbf al9
P;l;l6 g]6js{sf d]lzgx?Aff6 lgMz'Ns /sd lemSg ;lsG5
eg] ef/tdf kGhfj g]zgn a}s
+ sf Pl6Pd d]lzgx?af6 ;d]t
/sd lemSg ;lsG5 .
/]ld6\ofG; ;]jf
;flgdf a}s
\ af6 cfg} /]ld6\ofG; Sanima X-press nufot
IME, Prabhu, Himal, Raliable, Western Union, City
Express, Money Gram, Prithivi Remit, Everest Remit,
Sewa Express, World Link, MTA Express h:tf

/]ld6\ofG;x?sf] e'QmfgL ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} j}b]lzs

/f]huf/af6 cfh{g u/]sf] /sdnfO{ ;'?lIft eljiosf lgDtL
;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj
art ug{sf nfuL k|f]T;flxt u?fpg] p2]Zon] pRr k|ltkmn
;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj k'/f ug]{ gLlt cg'?k o; ;lxtsf] /]ld6\ofG; art vftf ;+rfngdf NofPsf] 5 .
a}+ s
\ n] cfgf ljleGg zfvf dfkm{t /Qmbfg, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo
-;fx, ;flgdf a}s
\ a]njf/L Zffvfsf k|aGws x'g\ _

c;f/ @)&)

17

PgcfO{;L / aLcf]P ca

PgcfO;L Plzof

g]kfn O08li6on P08 sdl;{on -PgcfO{;L_ / a}s

ckm Plzof g]kfn -aLcf]P_sf] dh{/ k|lqmof k'/f ePsfn] ca
b'j} a}s
\ ;+oQ
" m ?kdf PgcfO;L Plzof a}s
\ lnld6]8sf]
gfdaf6 ;Grfng x'g] ePsf5g\ .
b'j} a}s
\ n] h]7 @$ ut] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/
olx c;f/ !^ ut]b]vL PgcfO;L Plzof a}\s lnld6]8sf]
gfdaf6 cf}krfl/s sf/f]jf/ z'? ug]{ hfgsf/L lbPsf x'g\ .
b'j} a}s
\ sf] @)^( r}t % ut] ePsf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efn]
Pscfk;df ufEg] ufleg] lg0f{o kfl/t u/]kl5 @)&) a}zfv
!# ut] g]kfn /fi6 a}\sn] dh{/ ;DalGw clGtd :jLs[lt
lbPsf] lyof] .
sdkgL /lh:6f/sf] sfof{non] klg @)&) a}zfv #!
ufEg] sDkgL PgcfO;L / ufleg] a}s
\ ckm Plzofsf] ;Dk"0f{
rn crn ;Dklt, ltg'k{ g]{ s/ nufotsf cGo bfloTj PgcfO;L
Plzof a}\s lnld6]8n] a]xf]g]{ tyf ;sfg]{ ul/ sf/f]jf/ ug{
:jLs[lt lbPsf] lyof] . ;j} k|lqmof k'/f ePsfn] c;f/ !^
ut]b]vL b'a} a}\ssf] sf/f]jf/ ;+o'Qm ?kdf PgcfO;L Plzof
a}s
\ lnld6]8sf] gfdaf6 b]ze/Lsf ;a} zfvfx?af6 ;Grfng
x'g] b'j} a}s
\ n] hgfPsf x'g\ . b'j} a}s
\ ufleP/ ag]sf] gofF
a}\s PgcfO;L Plzof a}\s lnld6]8sf] /lh:6f/ sfof{no
lj/f6gu/ / skf]{/]6 sfof{no sf7df8f} /xg] hgfOPsf] 5 .
xfn g]kfndf #@ cf]6f s ju{sf jfl0fHo a}s ;Grfng
x'bF } cfPsf]df lacf]P / PgcfO;Lsf] dh{/kl5 jfl0fHo a}ssf]
;+Vof 36]/ #! x'g]5 . dh{/kl5 a}ssf]] cWoIfdf hubLz

cu|jfn tyf k|dv

" sfo{sf/Ldf ;lzg hf]zL /xg] atfOPsf] 5
. cu|jfn xfn PgcfO;L a}ssf cWoIf / hf]zL PgcfO{;L
a}ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t x'g\ . a}s ckm Pl;ofsf]
cWoIfdf eg] lqnf]srGb| cu|jfn /x]sf 5g\ . hulbz /
lqnf]srGb| bfh'efO x'g\ .
lacf]Pn] k|d"v sfo{sf/L clws[t kz'{/fd s'Fj/ If]qLnfO{
eg] pgsf] sfo{jlw % jif{ k'/f ePkl5 s]xL dlxgf cl3 ljbf
lbO;s]sf] 5 . cfj @)^*)^( sf] d'gfkmfaf6 of] jif{ ;]o/
wgLnfO{ PgcfO{;Ln] @% k|ltzt / aLcf]Pn] ;f9] & k|ltzt
gub nfef+z ljt/0f u/]sf lyP . dh{/sf nflu cfk;df
;xdltkqdf x:tfIf/ ul/ @)^( c;f/ !& ut] /fi6 a}sdf
cfj]bg lbPsf]df ;fpg * ut] ;}4flGts ;xdlt -Pncf]cfO{_
kfPkl5 dh{/ k|lqmof cl3 j9]sf] lyof] . tL b'j} a}s
\ n] ;Dk"0f{
k|lqmof k'ofP/ @)^( r}t !% ut] clGtd :jLs[ltsf nflu
/fi6 a}s
\ df cfj]bg lbPsf lyP . a}s
\ ckm Plzofsf b]ze/L
#! cf]6f / PgcfO;Lsf #^ zfvf ;~rflnt 5g\ .

l;h{gf kmfOgfG;sf] gfkmf bf]Aa/

lj/f6gu/df k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] l;h{gf kmfOgfG;sf]
k|ult kl5Nnf] ;dodf lgs} j9]sf] 5 . cfly{s
jif{ @)^*)^( sf] r}t d;fGtdf %@ nfv
^) xhf/ v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g u/]sf] l;h{gf
kmfOgfG;n] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] r}t d;fGt;Dd
em08} bf]Aa/ Ps s/f]8 %@ xhf/ ?k}ofF v'b
d'gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/sf pBf]uL Aoj;foLaf6 k|jl{ 4t
l;h{gf kmfOgfG;sf] lj/f6gu/kl5 /fhlj/fhdf
zfvf sfof{no dfkm{t a}l\s ;]jf ;Grflnt
5 . kmfOgfG;sf] !) cf]6f lhNnf sfo{If]q /x]sfn]
lgs6 elj:od} g]kfn /fi6 a}s
\ ;Fu :jLs[lt lnP/ sfo{If]q
/x]sf !) cf]6} lhNnfdf zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] hgfPsf]
5 . ^ s/f]8 !^ nfv ;]o/kF"hL /x]sf] sDkgLsf] lgIf]k ut jif{
eGbf em08} rf/ u'gfn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . utjif{sf] r}t
d;fG;Ddsf] lgIf]k !# s/f]8 *& nfv ^! xhf/ /x]sf]df rfn'
18

c;f/ @)&)

cfjsf] r}t;Dd $( s/f]8 ## nfv @) xhf/ /x]sf] 5 .

;ldIff cjlwdf sDkgLsf] shf{ nufgL !*
s/f]8 #* nfvaf6 a9]/ $% s/f]8 $@ nfv
k'u]sf] 5 eg] v/fj shf{ 36]/ ;'Go bzdnj
!! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
kmfOgfG;n] lgIf]k, ;+sng / shf{ nufgLsf]
;fy} b]zleq /sd k7fpg] tyf ljb]zaf6 leqg]
/]ld6fG; e'QmfgL lbg] ;]jf ;d]t ;Grfng ub}{
cfPsf] sDkgLsf dxfk|jGws ejfgLz+s/
rfkfufOF atfpF5g\ . kmfOgfG;n] s[lif Aoj;fo,
l;~rfO,oftfoft,;Grf/, ;]jf Aoj;fo,j}bl] zs
/f]huf/L ko{6g Pj+ z}lIfs shf{ nufgL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
sDkgLn] lgIf]kdf vftfsf] ;do cjlwsf] cfwf/df d'2tL
vftfdf !) bzdnj @% k|ltztb]vL !@bzdnj % k|ltzt;Dd
/ art vftfdf ^ bzdnj % k|ltztb]vL * bzdnj %
k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lbg] hgfPsf] 5 .

ladf ahf/

ladf ;ldltsf sfo{sf/L lgb]z{ s sfjf{xLdf

g]kfnsf] ladf If]qsf] lgofds lgsfo ladf ;ldltsf

sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ s ljgf]b cof{nnfO{ lgofdsLo clwsf/ b'?kof]u
u/L ladf k|m8 / 7uL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf sfjf{xL x'g] ePsf] 5 .
;ldltsf cWoIf kmQaxfb'/ s];L ;+of]hs /x]sf] 5fgljg
;ldltn] ladf sDkgLxsf] lgofds lgsfosf Joj:yfkg
k|d'v cof{nn] u/]sf OG:of]/]G; k|m8 / 7uLsf ph'/L af/]
5fgljg u/]sf] lyof] . 5fgljgaf6 cof{n ;fem]bf/ /x]sf]
;'lDgdf hn oftfoft k|flnn] ;Ktsf]zL gbLdf rt/fb]vL
lqj]0fL3f6;Dd ;Grfng u/]sf] h]6af]6 b'3{6gf eO;s]kl5
ladf u/fO{ Ifltk"lt{ bfjL u/]sf]] k|dfl0ft ePkl5 sfjf{xL ug'k{ g]{
lgZsif{ ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg cy{ dGqfnodf k]z u/]sf]5 . ;fy}
lgh dfly sfjf{xL ug{ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{
;d]t n]vL k7fPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . cof{nsf] ladf k|m8 36gfaf/]
cWoog ug{ cWoIf s];Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cy{ dGqfno,sfg"g
dGqfno tyf u[x dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx ;lxtsf] ;ldlt u7g
ul/Psf] lyof] .
Pdfn] g]tf ;'/G] b| kf08] cy{dGqL xFb' f ladf ;ldltsf] sfo{sf/L
lgb]z
{ sdf lgo'lQm kfPsf cof{nn] cfkm"nfO{ v/f] 5ljdf k|:t't
ub}{ ladf sDkgLx?dfly lgodgdf s8fO u/]sf lyP . ladf
P]gdf #) k|ltzt;Dd k|j4{g vr{ ug{ kfpg] Aoj:yf x'bF f x'bF }
pgn] ^ k|ltzt eGbfjl9 vr{ ug{ gkfpg] k|fjwfg nfu' u/]sf
lyP . h;sf sf/0f ladf sDkgLx?n] k|rf/ k|;f/ / clestf{
OG;]lG6esf] sfo{qmd jGb ug{ jfWo ePsf lyP . pQm k|fjwfgsf
sf/0f o; jif{ ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf hLjg ladf Aoj;fodf %)
k|ltzt eGbf sdL cfPsf] ladf sDkgLx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

pgn] unt sfuhft tof/ u/L ladf /sd bfaL u/]sf]

ljifo h]7 klxnf] ;ftf aflx/ cfPsf] xf] . cof{nn] ;'lDgdf hn
oftfoft k|flnsf] df]6/af]6 @)^* ebf} @* df b'36{ gf eO
a]kQf ePsf]df ^ lbgkl5 pSt df]6/af]6sf] PgPnhL OG:of]/G] ;df
! s/f]8 % nfv ?k}ofFsf] clUg ladf u/fPsf] v'Ng cfPsf] lyof]
. pSt dfubfaLsf] lgj]bgdf cof{nn] g} x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .
cof{nn] OG:of]/G] ; k|m8 u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs eP;Fu} pgn] bfaL]
lkmtf{ lnPsf lyP . pgn] ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ k|of]u u/L
gLltut e|i6frf/ -kf]nL;L s/K;g_ u/]sf] ;d]t v'ns
] f] 5 .
pgn] cfk\mgf] PS;fe]6/ hnfOPkl5 PS;fe]6/, qm]g, nf]8/
uf8L cflbsf] ladf bfaL e'StfgL ubf{ xf;s6\6L ug{ gkfpg]
lgb]z
{ g hf/L u/fPsf lyP . cof{nn] ;ldltsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ sdf
lgo"lQm x'bF f Aoxf]/f 9fF6s
] f] ;d]t kfOPsf] 5 .
@)^* ebf} @* ut] ;Ktsf]zL gbLdf 8'a/] Pshgf dflg;
;lxt j]kQf ePsf] df]6/af]6sf] ^ lbgkl5 c;f]h $ ut] PgPnhL
OG:of]/G] ; sDkgLdf Ps s/f]8 % nfv ?k}ofF d"No /fvL cUgL
ljdf u/fPsf lyP . To;kl5 @)^* d+l;/ @# ut] kfls{\ ul/
/x]sf] ;dodf c1ft ;d"xn] df]6/af]6df cfuf] nufO{ glbdf
aufO lbPsf] eGg] em'7f] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ nufO{ pgn] bfjL
e'QmfgLsf] nflu k]z u/]sf lyP . cof{nn] o;sf nflu ;'g;/Ll:yt
Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no dx]Gb|gu/sf k|x/L lgl/Ifs af;'bj] rf}w/LnfO{
;d]t k|efjdf kfl/ em'7f] d'rN' sf ljj/0f tof/ ug{ nufO{ ladf
bfjLsf nflu k]z u/]sf lyP . 36gf aflx/ cfPb]vL ladf
;ldlt guPsf cof{nnfO{ ;ldltn] lsg sfjf{xL gug]{ eGg] ;ft
lbg] :kli6s/0f dfu u/]sf]df pgn] a'emfPsf] :kli6s/0f lrQ
ga'em\ bf] ePsfn] k'gM Ps k6s :kli6s/0f ;f]Wg] tof/L eO
/x]sf] ladf ;ldlt ;|ft] n] atfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] :kli6s/0f klg
lrQ a'em\bf] geP cof{nnfO{ sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ saf6 jvf{:t u/L
yk sfjf{xLsf] nflu ;DjlGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg] tof/L eO
/x]sf] ;|ft] n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .

c;f/ @)&)

19

g]kfn nfOkmsf]
! ;o @^ nfef+z

g]kfn nfOkm OG:of]/G] ; sDkgL lnld6]8n] r'Stfk"h

F Lsf]
&) k|ltzt af]g; z]o/ tyf k|ltz]o/ %^ bzdnj #!
k|ltztsf b/n] gub nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 .
sDkgLsf] a}zfv @) ut] jL/u~hdf ;DkGg !#cf}+ jflif{s
;fwf/0f;efn]] pQm nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t u/]kl5
sDkgLn] af]g; ;]o/ / gub nfef+z ljt/0f z'? u/]sf] xf] .
;fwf/0f;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] of] nfef+z ljt/0f;Fu} sDkgLsf]
r'Stf k"FhL = ^# s/f]8 &% nfv k'Ug] sDkgLn] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] 5 . sDkgLsf cWoIf k'?iff]Qdnfn ;\3fOn] ;ldIff
cjlwdf s'n cfDbfgL / nufgLsf] If]qdf xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAwn]
yk k|]/0ff / xf};nf ldn]sf] atfP . sDkgLsf] rfn" cfjsf]

df3 d;fGt;Dd s'n aLdfz'Ns cfDbfgL utjif{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwsf] t'ngfdf !% bzdnj $@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
o;}jLr g]kfn nfOkm OG:of]/G] ; sDkgL ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
cWoIfdf /d]z u'Ktf lgo'Qm ePsf5g\ . h]7 @& ut] sf7df8f}d+ f
a;]sf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] u'KtfnfO{ ;j{;Ddltn] cWoIf
lgo'lQm u/]sf] xf] . lgjt{dfg cWoIf k'?iff]Qdnfn ;3fOn]
sfo{Jo:ttfsf sf/0f cWoIf kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 u'KtfnfO{
lgo'lQm ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . a}7sn] lgjt{dfg
cWoIf ;3fOnfO{ sDkgLsf] pGgogdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
:j?k ;Ddfgkq k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .

k|fOdnfOkmsf]
af]g; ;]o/

sfnfhf/ /f]uaf6 arf}+

/ cfgf kl/jf/nfO{ arfcf}+

k|fOdnfOkm OG:of]/G] ; sDkgLn] ;]o/wgLnfO{ !# k|ltzt

af]g; ;]o/ k|bfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . sDkgLsf] kfFrf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf]
cj;/df af]g; ;]o/ ljt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] sDkgLn] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] xf] . sDkgLn] ut jif{ @) k|ltzt af]g; ;]o/ ljt/0f
u/]sf] lyof] .
b]zel/ Ps;o tLgj6f zfvf tyf pkzfvfaf6 hLjg
ladf u/fpFb} cfPsf] sDkgLn] rfn" cfly{s jif{ k|yd ladf
z'Nssf] !& k|ltzt ladf ahf/sf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf] k|d'v
sfo{sf/L clws[t /]i6f fn] hfgsf/L lbP .
20

c;f/ @)&)

sfnfhf/ Psk|sf/sf] e';'gfn] 6f]s]/ ;g]{ ;?jf /f]u xf] .

udL{ df};ddf of] /f]u km}nG5 .
sfnfhf/ /f]usf nIf0fx M
!_ b'O xKtf jf ;f] eGbf jl9 ;do;Dd dGb Hj/f] cfO /xG5 .
@_ tf}n 36\b} hfG5 .
#_ vfgf vfg dg nfUb}g .
$ _ afofF sf]vfdf c;lhnf] jf ef/L cg'ej x'G5 .
%_ cg'xf/, xftv'6\6f tyf k]6sf] 5fnf sfnf] x'Fb} hfG5 .
^_ k]6 a9\g] jf afofF sf]vfdf s'g} 8Nnf] jf ufF7f] a9]sf]
dx;'z x'G5 .
&_ zl//df /utsf] sdL x'G5 .
*_ zl// k'm;|f] b]lvG5 .
To;}n] sfnfhf/ /f]u nfu]sf] z+sf ePdf t'?Gt cfk\mgf]
ghLssf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;Dks{ /fVg' xf]; .

lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no

;'g;/L

cfe'if0f

a/fx Hj]n/LnfO{ cfO{P;cf]

a/fx Hj]n/L O08li6h k|flnn] cfO{P;cf] ())!M@))* k|df0f
kq k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] s]xL dxLgfcl3 pSt k|df0fkq
k|fKt u/]sf] xf] . sDkgLsf w/fgzfvf k|dv
" dfgaxfb'/ lbofnLn]
k|df0fkq kfP;Fu} lhDd]jf/L klg a9]sf] atfP . @)%@ ;fndf
w/fgaf6 z'? ePsf] a/fx Hj]n/Ln] Joj;fo lj:tf/sf qmddf
xfn;Dd sf7df8f},+ kf]v/f, a]nfot, x\sdf ;d]t ;Dks{
sfof{no tyf zfvf :yfkgf ul/;s]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
a/fx Hj]n/Ln] k/Dk/fut l8hfOgdf ;'gsf uxgf agfpFb}
cfPsf] 5 . o:tf uxgfsf kf/vL :jb]z / ljb]zdf ;d]t 5g\
. pgLx?n] cfkm" a;f]af; u/]s} 7fpFdf zfvf vf]Ng cfu|x
ug]{ u/]sf sf/0f ljleGg b]zdf zfvf lj:tf/ ub}{ cfPsf] xf]
. :j/f]huf/sf nflu @)%@ ;fndf w/fgdf ^) xhf/ ?k}ofFsf]
nufgLdf a/fx Hj]n/Lsf] z'?cft ePsf] lyof] . xfn o;sf]
k"FhL sl/j Ps ca{ ?k}ofF /x]sf] zfvf k|d"v lbofnL atfpF5g\
. sDkgLn] @)^) b]vL sf7df8f}+sf] gofF ;8sdf b'O{ cf]6f
zf]?d :yfkgf u/L Jofkf/ lj:tf/ ug{ yfn]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf
nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf ltnx/L, df8jf/L, 'Dsf, a'nfsL
r]K6];g' , lz/aGbLnufot % ;oeGbf a9L k|sf/sf uxgf agfP/
sDkgLn] ljlqm ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o:tf uxgfnfO{ k'gh
{ Lljt
ug{sf nflu a/fx Hj]n/Ln] ljleGg hfthfltn] k|of]u ug]{
uxgfsf ljifodf cg';Gwfg ;d]t ul//x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
a/fxf Hj]n/Ln] g]kfnsf nf]kf]Gd'v u/uxgfnfO{ cfw'lgs

O6x/L gu/kflnsfsf] ;"rgf

n gkfnfO{

a'emfpg'kg]{ s/ b:t'/ ;dodf g} lt/f},+ gu/sf]

ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u u/f}+ .
n 3/sf] kmf]xf]/ 3/df g} tx nufcf+,} kmf]xf]/nfO{ k'g k|of]u /
k'g rqm0f u/f}+ .
n JolQmut 36gf -hGd, d[To', ljjfx,a;fO;/fO{,
;DaGwljR5]b_ ;dodf g} btf{ u/f}+ .
n 3/ j/k/ ?v /f]kf},+ gu/nfO{ xl/t agfcf}+ .
n h}ljs kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|f\ufl/s dn agfcf}+ .
n gu/nfO { :jR5 ;kmf, xl/t agfcf}+ .
n rf}kfof 5f8f g5f8f},+ ;Defljt b'36
{ gf x'gaf6 arf},+
n af;L, ;8]un]sf vfB j:t' laqmL ljt/0f tyf pkef]u
gu/f}} .
n dxfdf/L, x}hf h:tf /f]uaf6 arf} :j:y hLjg afFrf},+
n ;8saf6f]df lgdf{0f ;fdu|L g/fvf}, cfjt hfjtdf ;xh
/ ;/n agfcf}+ .

:j?k lbP/ k'gh

{ Lljt t'Nofpg] k|of; ul/ /x]sfn] k'/fgf
u/uxgfsf] ;sngnfO{ sDkgLn] pRr k|fyldstf lbPsf]
hgfPsf] 5 . sDkgLn] ljleGg hfthfltsf dflg;n] ;f+:s[lts
kj{df nufpg] u/uxgf / rfFbLsf efF8f ;sng u/L :jb]z
tyf ljb]zdf ;d]t ljqmL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . sDkgLn] o;}
jif{b]vL ;'gdf s'g kbfy{ slt kl/df0fdf ld;fj6 ePsf] 5
eGg] kQf nufpg] d]lzg;d]t k|of]udf NofPsf] hgfPsf]5 .
sDkgLn] xfn km]zgdf /x]sf] /flzcg';f/sf] kTy/hl8t uxgf
klg agfpg] u/]sf] 5 . ' a/fx Hj]n/Lsf s'g} klg zfvfdf
cfpg] Uf|fxs l/Qf]xft kmlsg'{ gk/f];\ eg]/ Ps nfnb]lv dfu
cg';f/ hlt;'s} tf]nfsf] klg uxgf agfpg] u/]sf] 5 . To:t},
sDkgLn] cGt{/fli6o:t/df k|dfl0ft xL/fsf uxgf klg pTkfbg
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn Hj]n/L cGt{ut @ ;o %) hgfn] k|ToIf
/f]huf/L kfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

c;f/ @)&)

21

;'grfFbLdf gofF dfkb08

;'grfFbL Aoj;fonfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{
Aoj:yfkg ljefun] ;'grfFbL sf/f]af/ dfkb08 @)&) tof/
kf/]sf] 5 . dfkb08df Joj;foLsf] Hofnf, htL{, /;fog /
cg'udgnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] ljefu ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5
. dfkb08n] ;'grfFbLsf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ lglZrt k|ltzt;Dddfq
/;fog tyf htL{ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of]
dfkb08n] Joj;foLxnfO{ eljiodf Pp6} cfrf/;+lxtfdf
afFWg] atfOPsf]5 . ;'grfFbL Joj;foLxsf] tLgcf]6f 5ftf
;u7gsf] ;Nnfx / ;'fjnfO{ ;d]6/] dfkb08 tof/ ul/Psf]
ljefun] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfkb08 sfof{Gjogdf cfpg]
5 . pQm dfkb08n] dgf]dfgL Jofkf/ u/L pkef]StfnfO{ 7Ub}
cfPsf Joj;foLnfO{ sfg"gsf] kl/lwleq afFWg] ljefusf] egfO
5 . xfn;Dd g]kfndf ;'grfFbL ;DaGwL s'g} klg dfkb08
5}gg\ . ;f]xL sf/0f o;sf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ Aoj;foLxn] dgf]dfgL
ub}{cfPsf 5g\ .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;'gsf uxgf ljqmLdf nfk/afxL ePsf]
eGg] ph'/L k/]sf cfwf/df s]xL Joj;foLsf] sf/f]af/af/]
hfgsf/L lng ljefun] lan NofP/ cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5 .
!) cf]6f Aoj;flos zf]dsf] cg'udgdf $* k|ltzt;Dd

/;fog ld;fP/ uxgf agfPsf] kfOPsf] ljefun] atfPsf] 5

. o:t} htL{ klg dgf]dfgL 9un] sfod ul/Psf] cg'udgsf
qmddf b]lvPsf] ljefusf] egfO 5 . aofg lbPsf s]xL
Joj;foLxn] uxgfsf] df]8]n cg';f/ /;fog / htL{ sfod

em'Dsfdf Hj]n/L Joj;fo a9\bf]

;'g;/Lsf] em'Dsf ahf/df kl5Nnf] ;do ;'g rfFbLsf] u/uxgf
agfpg] / ljlqm ug]{ Hj]n/L Aoj;fo j9\g yfn]sf 5g\ .
;'grfFbL Joj;foL ;+3 ;'g;/L, em'Dsf zfvfsf cWoIf
l8NnL sfsL{sf cg';f/ Psjif{ otf e'mDsf ahf/df cfwf bh{g
eGbf jl9 Hj]n/L ylkPsf 5g\ .
Hj]n/L Joj;fosf] nflu k"h
F Lsf] lglZrttf gePklg ;fdfGo
Hj]n/Lsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ @ nfvb]vL # nfv ?k}ofF nufgL
x'G5 . rnkFh
" L eg] sf/f]jf/ j9\b} uPkl5 a9fpg] xf] . To;}n]
yf]/} nufgLd} /fd|f] Aofkf/ x'g] ePsfn] of] Aoj;fodf cfsif{0f
a9]sf] xf] sfsL{n] eg] . pgsf cg';f/ clxn] e'mDsf If]qdf @@
cf]6f Hj]n/L ;Grfngdf 5g\ .
;'grfFbL Aoj;fodf k/Dk/fut k]zj] / dfq geP/ gofF
Joj;foLsf] klg k|jz
] x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . s]xL dlxgf cl3dfq k|x/L
;]jfaf6 lgj[t ePsf k"j{ k|x/L lgl/Ifs /fh]Gb| ljZjsdf{n] klg
em'Dsf ahf/df l/tf Hj]n;{ gfds ;'grfFbL k;n ;Grfngdf
NofPsf 5g\ . #) jif{ hflu/ k'/f u/]/ lgj[t ePF cem} s]xL ug{
;Sg] pd]/ 5 vfnL a:g' eGbf oxL Joj;fo ;'? uof},+ >LdtLn]
klxn] b]vLg} of] Joj;fo l;sL /x]sfn] ;lhnf] eof] /fh]Gb|n] eg]
. gofF ePsfn] Joj;fo l7s} dfq rln/x]sf] pgsf] k|ltlqmof lyof]
22

c;f/ @)&)

. ;+3sf cWoIf sfsL{sf cg';f/ Pp6f Hj]n;{n] sDtLdf $

hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ . o; cfwf/df e'mDsfsf] ;'grfFbL
Joj;fodf sl/j Ps;o hgfn] k|ToIf /f]huf/L kfPsf 5g\ .
;'g;/Lsf ljleGg cfwf bh{gjl9 uflj;sf jfl;Gbfx?sf] Jofkf/Ls
s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; x'bF } u/]sf] em'Dsfdf Pp6f Hj]n/Ln] b}lgs
cf};t ! nfv %)xhf/ ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ePsfn] oxfF
dfl;s sDtLdf klg & s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] sf/f]jf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

x'g] atfPsf lyP . Aoj;foLsf] aofg / lansf cfwf/df 7uL

u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf pkef]Stf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$ df 7uL
ug]{ Aoj;foLxnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg]b]lv % nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
h/Ljfgf / !) jif{sf] h]n ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
k'/fgf uxgfsf] agf]6 cg';f/ /;fog a9Ldf !% k|ltzt;Dd
sf6\g kfpg] g]kfn ;'grfFbL Joj;foL
dxf;3sf] lgodfjnL, @)%( df
pNn]v ul/Psf] eP klg Joj;foLxn]
/;fog / htL{sf gfddf To;eGbf lgs}
a9L d"No c;'Ng] u/]sf] cf/f]k 5 .
gofF uxgfdf klg df]8n
] cg';f/ a9Ldf
!) k|ltzt;Dd /;fog sf6\g kfpg]
;3sf] lgodfjnLdf :ki6 Aoj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . Joj;foLxnfO{ o;eGbf
a9L /;fog a/fa/sf] d"No lng
lgodfjnLn] lbFbg} ,dxf;3sf Ps
kbflwsf/L eG5g\ . t/ 7"nf tf}nsf
g]sn];, r'/fdf cln a9L htL{ sfl6G5 . htL{ uxgf
agfpFbf v]/ uPsf] ;'g x]/]/ lnOg] pgn] atfP . uxgf
agfpFbf gf]S;fg x'g] ;'g -Dofg'k\mofSrl/ n;_nfO{ htL{
elgG5 . v]/ uPsf] ;'gsf] d"No u|fxsn] uxgf agfpFbf g}
ltg]{ x'gfn] kl5 uxgf ljqmL ubf{ htL{ a/fa/sf] d"No eg]
Joj;foLn] sf6\g gkfpg] zfSo atfpF5g\ . /;fog g/fv]sf]
@$ Sof/]6sf] uxgf ljqmL ubf{ ! k|ltzt / @@ Sof/]6sf]

uxgfdf @ k|ltzt d"No 36fpg] k|rng /x]s

] f] dxf;3sf]
egfO 5 .
;'grfFbL Aoj;foLx? cfGbf]lnt
;/sf/n] ;'grfFbL sf/f]jf/ ;DaGwL gofF dfkb08 agfpg
nfu]sf] / Tof] dfkb08n] ;'grfFbL Aoj;fo
rNg} g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] eGb}
b] z e/Lsf ;' g rfF b L Aoj;foLx?
cfGbf]lnt ePsf5g\ . Aoj;foLx?n]
To;sf] lj/f] w ub} { h] 7 @(b] v L
clglZrt sfnsf nflu b]ze/Lsf
;'grfFbL Aoj;fo aGb u/fPsf 5g\ .
gofF dfkb08df # k|ltztdfq hlt{
sf6\g kfpg] Aoj:yf ug{ nfu]sf]n]
To;af6 Aoj;fo rNg} g;Sg] cj:yf
/x]sf]n] cfGbf]ng ug'{ k/]sf] g]kfn
;'grfFbL Aoj;foL dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o
;b:o
df]xgsfhL zfSon] atfP . pgn] gofF
dfkb08df tf]lsPsf] pQm k|fjwfg gx6fP;Dd cfGbf]ng hf/L
/xg] hfgsf/L lbP . Aoj;foLx?n] cfk\mgf Aoj;fo aGb u/]/
;DaGwLt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf 5g\ . t/ h]7 d;fGt;Dd ;/sf/ / Aoj;foL aLr
s'g} jftf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

c;f/ @)&)

23

b:tfj]h

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnL @)&) sf]

d:of}bfdf df]/ Jofkf/ ;+3sf] ;'emfj
n kjgs'df/

;f/8f

cf}Bf]lus gLlt @)^& nfu" ePklg cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g

@)$( ;+zf]wg geO{sg cfPsf] pQm lglt xfn;Dd sfof{Gjog
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ k'/fg} P]g lgodsf sf/0f cfhsf]
jbln+bf] o'udf xfdL k/Dk/fut ?kd} pBf]u Joj;fo ;+rfng
ug{ jfWo eO/x]sf 5f}+ . /fhg}lts cl:y/tfn] b]zsf] cfly{s
ljsf;df k|j4{g ug]{ sltko P]g lgodx? kl/jt{g jf ;+zf]wg
x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg . xfn} u7g ePsf] gofF ;/sf/n] ljb]zL
nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g,
>d P]gh:tf clt cfjZos P]g lgodx? z+;f]wg u/L nfu"
ug{ uO/x]sf]df xfdL Joj;foLnfO{ s]lx phf{ ylkPsf] dx;";
eO/x]sf] 5 . k"jf{Grn If]qsf Joj;foLx? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf
ePsf] 5nkmnaf6 cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnLsf] d:of}bfdf
pBf]usf xs lxtsf nflu 7f]; /fo ;'emfjx? cfpg] / tL
;'emfjx? lgodfjnLdf ;dfj]z x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL
cfzfjfbL 5f}+ .
;dosf] dfu cg'?k cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnL @)&)
n] cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g af]8{sf] /fd|f] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
pBf] u sf] /fli6 o s/0f gug] { , Policy Formation df
Participative Approach nfu' ug],{ Dynamic Angle af6
ljifoj:t'nfO{ u|x0f ug]{ / pBf]unfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;'ljwfx?sf
af/]df ls6fg ug]{ sfo{ klg lgodfjnLn] ;d]6s
] f] 5 . of] /fd|f]
kIf xf] tyflk xfn 5nkmnsf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf] cf}Bf]lus
Joj;fo lgodfjnL, @)&) sf ;DaGwdf df]/u+ Jofkf/ ;+3sf]
l6Kk0fL / ;'emfj lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
n pBf]uLn] /fhg}lts bn, ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+u7g /

lzIffnox?NffO{ lbPsf] rGbf, cfly{s ;xof]u / cg'bfgsf

/sddf cfos/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf x'gk' b{5 .
n s'g} pBf]un] /]8qm;, c:ktfn, :s'n, ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
sfo{nfO{ cfgf] pBf]uaf6 pTkflbt ;fdfgx? pknAw u/fPsf]
5 eg] tL ;fdfgdf nfUg] Eof6df 5'6sf] k|aGw ul/g' kb{5 .
n No Work - No Pay sf] dfGotf nfu' geP;Dd :jR5
cf}Bf]lus aftfj/0f / nfut s6f}tLsf] k|of; ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g
. ctM Hire and Fire / No Work- No Pay sf] :ki6
k|fjwfg lgodfjnLdf x'g' cfjZos 5 . o; tYonfO{
lgodfjnLn] cfTdf;fy u/f];\ .
n lrof, ;'u/ldn, vlgh pBf]u, l;d]G6 pBf]uh:tf a9L

zx/L If]qdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L btf{ aGb

;xsf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] eGb} ;xsf/L dGqfnon] zx/L
If]qdf art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L btf{ tTsfnsf
nflu aGb u/]sf] 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;do art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L
;+:yfx?df cfly{s clgoldttf a9]sf], dgnfUbL sf/f]af/ u/]sf]
/ sfoIf]q la:tf/ u/]sf] eGb} ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
dGqfnon] zx/L If]qdf h]7 bf];|f] ;ftfb]vL art tyf C0f
;xsf/L btf{ aGb u/]sf] xf] .
To:t} sfo{If]q la:tf/ / ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf gug{ ;d]t
24

c;f/ @)&)

ljefun] ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ lgb]z

{ g lbPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefusf
/lhi6f/ s]bf/ Gof}kfg]n] dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf
/ gu/kflnsfdf clxn] art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L
btf{ aGb ul/Psf] atfP .
ljefun] sf7df8f} dxfgu/kflnsf, nlntk' /
pkdxfgu/kflnsf / eStk'/ gu/kflnsf;+u hf]l8Psf ufpF
lasf; ;ldltdf klg of] lg0f{{o nfu' x'g] hgfPsf]5 . art
tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/LnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ lgb]l{ zsf
gcfP;Dd of] lg0f{o kl/jt{g gx'g] Gof}kfg]n] atfPsf 5g\ .

e"ldsf] cfjZostf kg]{ pBf]usf nflu hldgsf] xb aGbL

;DaGwL Joj:yfdf yk nrstf ckgfpg' j]z x'G5 .
n s'g} pBf]u k|lti7fgn] ;z'Ns ?kdf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iffansf]
;]jf lng rfx]df ;f] lng kfpFg] Joj:yf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
of] ;'ljwf ;/n / ;xh x'g' kb{5 . ansf] sdf08/ cfkm}n]
t'?Gt lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] k|aGw ldnfOg' kb{5 . ;'g;/L df]/
sl/8f]/ / s6x/L Pl/of u/L xfnnfO{ b'O{ :yfgdf cf}Bf]lus
;'/Iff ansf] sfof{no jf Team /fVg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
n Foreign Direct Investment leofpg @)$( ;fnb]lv
One Window Service pknAw u/fpg] gLlt /x]sf] lyof] .
Tof] k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]g . pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf
;'ljwf One Window Method af6 pknAw u/fpg] eGg]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ k"0f{?kdf Jojxf/df nfu' ug'{ kb{5 .
n lgodfjnLsf] bkmf @@ df Corporate Social
Responsibility sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . To;nfO{ cem
Broader ul/g' kb{5 . /, k':tsfno, c:ktfn, sf/fuf/sf
s}bL, afndlGb/, Snj, j[4 cf>d cflbnfO{ ul/Psf] ;xof]u
klg Corporate Social Responsibility leq u/]sf] :jLsfl/g'
k5{ . Corporate Social Responsibility cGtu{t vr{ ul/Psf]
/sddf cfos/sf] 5'6 ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
n Commercially Important Person sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{
lgodfjnLdf ;dfj]z u'g{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . /, o;nfO{ /fli6o:t/
/ If]qLo :t/ u/L @ efudf afF8\g ;s] If]qLo :t/sf pBf]uL
Joj;foLnfO{ klg ;Ddfg k|fKt x'g hfG5 . Commercially
Important Person sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ s/ e'Qmfg u/]sf] /sdnfO{
dfq xf]Og, lgof{t, /f]huf/L / j:t'sf] cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLdf k'KofPsf]
;xof]unfO{ klg dfkb08 agfOg' kb{5 .
n g]kfnn] :yfoL ?kdf Jofkf/ 3f6f Joxf]/]sf] 5 . ctM
Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ug{sf nflu lgof{td'vL pBf]ux?nfO{ pmhf{,
cfos/ / lgof{t k|jw{gsf nflu yk Incentive sf] Joj:yf
x'g' cfjZos 5 . of] k|fjwfg lgodfjnLdf ;dfj]z ul/of];
eGg] cfu|x ub{5' .
n lgof{t pBf]u, Special Economic Zone tyf Export
Promotion Zone df :yflot pBf]ux?df aGb x8\tfn /

ult/f]w ug{ gkfpg] ljZjJofkL k|rngnfO{ g]kfndf klg

leofpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu klg lgodfjnLdf yk
a'Fbfx? /flvg' kb{5 .
n pBf]u btf{ eO{;s]kl5 ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotsf ;DjGwdf
P]g lgod cg';f/ kfpg] egL pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 / To;df
ljleGg zt{x? /flvPsf] x'G5 . t/ Jojxf/df Tof] nfu" x'+b}g
. h:t} ljB't, kfgL, hgzlQm cflb . pBf]un] lbg] egL P]gdf
pNn]v ePklg csf]{ P]gn] ;f] s'/f sfl6 /x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf
jflemg] vfnsf P]g lgod cfp+bf cfh pBf]ux? ?U0f cj:yfdf
k'us
] f 5g\ . cj cfpg] P]g lgoddf Ps4f/ k|0ffnL nfu" u/L
pBf]unfO{ lbg] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] xsdf pBf]u dGqfnon] g}
pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . cy{ dGqfno, >d dGqfno
jf cGo s'g} dGqfnosf] P]gn] lb+bg} eGg] Joj:yf ul/g' x'b+ g} .
n hUufsf] Knl6+un] ubf{ xfn pBf]u If]qsf jl/k/L 3/
6x/fsf] lgdf{0f x'g] s|d ltj| ?kdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf]
s'g} dfkb08 geP/ xf] jf jt{dfg /fhg}lts t/ntfsf] kmfO{bf
p7fP/ xf] o;n] ubf{ pBf]ux? ;d:ofdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
pBf]u btf{ cl3 g} ;j} k|so[ fx? k'ofP/ :jLs[t eO{ ;+rfngdf
cfPsf pBf]unfO{ Toxf+sf jfl;Gbf cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f /
WjgLsf] gfddf pBf]u aGb u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . s/f}+8f}+
nufgL u/L :yfkgf ePsf o:tf pBf]ux?nfO{ lj:yflkt ug]{
vfnsf] gLlt cljnDa ;+zf]wg u/L pBf]u / cfjf;sf] dfkb08
sfg"gd} tf]lsg' kb{5 . ;fy} cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] klxrfg u/L
cf}Bf]lus If]q j/Lk/L :s"nsf] :yfkgf x'g glbg] / dlb/f
lgif]w If]q tf]lsg' kb{5 .
n pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{ tyf ;xfos
sRrf kbfy{ h:t} s]ldsn, /;fog cflb j:t' l;w} cfoft
ug{ kfO+b}g . o;sf nflu u[x dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . u[xn] cg'udg 6f]ln u7g u/]/ &.*
hgfsf] 6f]ln v6fO{ To;sf] k|ltj]bg gcfP;Dd pQm sRrf
kbfy{ e+;f/ d} /fVg' kg]{ jfWotf 5 . ctM o:tf] Joj:yf
vf/]h u/L pBf]un] g} l;kmfl/z u/]sf] cfwf/df o:tf j:t'x?
hf+rkf; x'g' kb{5 .
-@)&) h]7 !^df cfof]lht cGt{lqmofdf df]/\ Aofkf/
;+3sf sfjf cWoIf ;f/8ff/f k|:| t't ;'emfj_

of] lg0f{on] ;xsf/Ldf b]lvPsf] ljs[lt lj;+ult cGTo x'g],

cflys{ rnv]n aGb x'g] / art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{
;xsf/L Jojl:yt x' g ] /lhi6 f /
Gof}kfg]sf] egfO 5 .

cg'/f]w
Pshgfn] PhgfnfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg]
Or jfg l6r jfg sfo{qmd ;kmn kf/f}+
;'g;/L lhNnfdf lg/If/tf pGd'ng ug{
;Grfng ul/Psf] of] sfo{qmd ;kmn agfpg
;j}n] cfcfk\mgf :yfgaf6 ;xof]u k'ofpg
lhNnfjf;L ;j}df cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

;'g;/L
c;f/ @)&)

25

pTkfbg

xl/of] lrofkQLsf] d"Nodf lu/fj6

o; jif{sf] ;'? l;hgdf ^* ?k}ofF k|lt s]hL;Dd d"Nodf
ljlqm ePsf] xl/of] lrofkQLsf] d"No clxn] &) k|ltzt 36]/
k|lt s]hL @) ?k}ofF sfod ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ olx l;hgdf
xl/of] kQLsf] d"No k|lt s]hL $^ ?k}ofF lyof] .
d"Nodf PsfPs cfPsf] 7"nf] cGt/n] ls;fg lrlGtt ePsf
5g\ . k|lt:kwf{Tds cj:yfdf /x]sf k|zf]wg sf/vfgfx?n]
klxnf] l6kfOdf x\jfQ} d"No a9fP/ ls;fgnfO{ cfFkm"lt/ cfslif{t
u/]sf lyP .
>LcGt'l:yt Onfd l6 k|f8] o\ ;
' ;{n] clxn] ls;fgnfO{ xl/of]
lrofsf] d"No k|ltlsnf] @) b]lv @% ?k}ofF;Dd lbPsf] 5 .
p;n] s]xL ;docl3 ToxL lrofkQLsf] d"No k|ltlsnf] ^@
?k}ofF lbb} cfPsf] lyof] . jif]{gL sf/vfgfn] ls;fg cfkm"lt/
cfslif{t ug{ ;'?df /fd|f] d"No lbG5g\ / kl5 Hofb} sd d"Nodf
dfq} xl/of] lrof vl/b u5{g\ . Ps pBf]usf sfdbf/ eG5g\
. pgn] eg] . sf/vfgfn] P u|]8 -b'O{ kft Ps ;'O/f]_ sf]
xl/of]kQLsf] k|lt s]hL @% / aL u|]8 - sd u'0f:t/_sf]_ sf]
kQLsf] @) ?k}ofF lbg] u/]sf] 5 .
;a}eGbf u'0f:t/Lo dflgg] klxnf] l6kfOsf] xl/of] kQLsf]
d"No ;a}eGbf pRr -?=^*_ lbPsf] lkmSsn dfn'dl:yt lxdfno
/]~h lrof k|zf]wg sf/vfgfn] klg clxn] d"No 36fPsf] 5 .
sf/vfgfn] clxn] lrofsf] d"No k|ltlsnf] @) b]lv #) ?k}ofF;Dd
lbO/x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .
nIdLk'/sf] dgf]x/ lrof sf/vfgfn] klg ls;fgnfO{ km:6
n6sf] lrofdf k|ltlsnf] %% ?k}ofF lbPsf] lyof] . clxn] p;n]
d"No 36fP/ k|ltlsnf] @)@% d} NofPsf] 5 . ;f]ofsf lrof
ls;fg k|]d 9sfnn] nuftf/ xl/of] lrofsf] d"No 36]kl5
lrGtf nfu]sf] atfP . pgL eG5g\ xfdLn] of] d"Non] lrofdf
u/]sf] nufgL p7fpg ;Sb}gf} .
g]kfn lrof ljsf; lgudcGtu{tsf sf/vfgfx?n] klg
ls;fgnfO{ klxnf] l6kfOdf lrofsf] d"No ^) b]lv ^@ ?k}ofF

k|ltlsnf];Dd lbPsf lyP .klxnf] l6kfOsf] lrofdf u'0F:t/

/fD/f] x'g] ePsfn] d"No pRr lbPsf] eP klg clxn]sf] u'0F:t/
To:tf] gePsfn] d"No 36fpg' k/]sf] sf/vfgfx?sf] egfO 5
. ljutdf xl/of] lrofsf] d"No k|ltlsnf] !@ ?k}ofF;Dd /]sf]
ePklg of] jif{ Tolt tn gemg]{ / clxn]s} d"Nodf :yL/ /xg]
cj:yf /x]sf] sf/vfgfsf sd{rf/Lx? atfpF5g\ .
o;cl3;Dd ls;fgnfO{ xl/of] lrofsf] d"No k|ltlsnf]
^) ?k}ofF;Dd lbFb} cfPsf cuf{lgs lrof pTkfbs sf/vfgfx?n]
eg] of] jif{ klg ljutsf] h:t} d"No sfod /fv]sf 5g\ .
cuf{lgs sf/vfgfx?n] jif{e/L g} Pp6} d"No /xg] hfgsf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . ;fFv]h'l:yt cuf{lgs cyf{]8S; lrof pTkfbs
lxdfnog ;+fu|Lnf l6 k|f]8\o';;{ / lkmSsnsf] uf]vf{ l6n] klg
^) ?k}ofF k|lts]hLsf b/n] xl/of] kQLsf] d"No lbb} cfPsf]
hgfPsf5g\ .

sn;{sf] cfO8n #=% df]jfOn

sn;{ df]afOnn] P08fO] 8 6r :qmLg x\of08;]6 PS;k\mofS6/
cfO8n #=% df]8nsf] df]jfOn ;]6 ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . of]
PS;k\mofS6/ cfO8n $=) s} Ps k|sf/ ePsf] sDkgLn]
hgfPsf] 5 . :6fOln;\ 6r\ :qmLg df]afOn kmf]gsf] rfxgf
/fVg]x?sf] nflu of] pko'Qm x'g] sDkgLn] atfPsf] 5 .
o;df # bzdna % O~rsf] 6r\ :qmLg 5 . P08fO] 8 @
bzdna # cf]P;f/f ;~rflnt of] kmf]gdf jfOkmfO, Aon'6y" ,
OglaN6 PkmPd /]l8of], cl8of] / lel8of] Kn]o/ tyf hfefhL
;]G;/ h:tf ljz]iftf /x]sf 5g\ . o;df #@ hLaL;Ddsf]
26

c;f/ @)&)

d]df]/L yk ug{ ;lsG5

. o;df @ PdkLsf]
k|fylds Sofd]/f / )=#
PdkLsf] cufl8 tkm{sf]
Sofd]/f 5 . of] kmf]gsf]
vl/bdf b'O6f Aofs se/
/ $ hLaLsf] d]df]/L sf8{ lgM
z'Ns pknAw x'g] sDkgLn]
hgfPsf]5 .

8fa/sf] gofF xa{n 6'yk]i6

8fa/ g]kfnn] gofF 8fa/ xa{n 6'yk]i6 ahf/df NofPsf]
5 . of] 6'yk]i6df ANofsj]/L, a'n6] pm8, aa'n kfs{, nf]wf| /
lknL6f]/L h:tf kfFr k|sf/sfxa{n PA:6ofS6sf ;fy}
ldlg/N;sf] ld>0f /x]sf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf]] 5 . o;df ePsf]
g'lgnf] kbfy{ / SoflN;odn] bfFtnfO{ alnof], :j:y clg ;]tf]
agfpF5 . To:t}, cfgGbdoL a|l; cg'ej / tfhf ;f;sf]
nflu k|fs[lts :kLo/dd]06 k\mn]e/ klg /flvPsf] 5 .

of] 6'yk]i6 8fa/sf] ! ;o @% jif{eGbf a9Lsf] xa{n

PS:kl6h{sf] pkh ePsf] 8fa/ g]kfnsf ahf/ Joj:yfkg
k|d'v ceok|;fb uf]vf{nL atfpF5g\ . 8fa/ xa{n 6'yk]i6
?=@) df $) u|fd, ?=#% df *) u|fd / ?=&% df ! ;o &%
u|fdsf Kofs]6df pknAw /x]sf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

gSsnL :sfO z'h glsGg cfu|x

:sfO z'h O08li6hsf] jf/]G6L sf8{ k|of]u ul/ :sfO z'h
h:t} b]vLg] n]jn 6fF;/] k"js
{ f w/fg, O6x/L nufotsf ahf/sf
s]xL k;nx?n] sd u'0f:t/sf gSsnL h'Qf ljlqm ul/ /x]sf]
kfOPkl5 sDkgLn] pkef]Qmfx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] 5 .
:sfO z'h O08li6hn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ul/ sDkgLn]
k"jf{Grnsf] nflu O6x/L * uf]N8]grf}s l:yt ;kgf dfs]6{ leq
:sfO z'hsf] If]qLo :t/sf] ljlqm l8kf] ;Grfng u/]sf] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] 5 . :sfO z'h O08li6hn] pQm ljlqm l8kf]af6 O6x/Lsf]
o'lgs km'6 j]o/, cfs]z sn]S;g / Unf]jn z' 6]8 ;]G6/nfO{
cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf tf]s]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . sDkgLsf lgb]{zs
czf]s s'df/ >]i7n] k|sflzt u/]sf] lj1lKtdf w/fgsf nflu

;gd/Tg ODk]S;,Go" z'esfdgf l8kf6{dG] 6 :6f]/ / cn:6f/ z'

sn]S;g tyf lj/f6gu/df lji0f'bo 6]8;{ / g]kfn ahf/
OG6/g]zgn l8kf6{dG] 6 :6f]/nfO{ cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf tf]lsPsf]
pNn]v 5 .
To:t} pnf{jf/Lsfnflu Go" ;Gh' dfs]6{ , bdssfnflu bfxfn
:6f]/,dgsfdgf km"6j]o/, ljtf{df]8sfnflu lji0f' :6f]/ cflwsfl/s
ljqm]tf ePsf] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
To;}ul/ lj/f6rf}ssfnflu lj/f6 6]8;{ / Og?jfsfnflu
u'l8of z' ;]G6/nfO{ cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf tf]lsPsf] sdkgLn]
hgfPsf] 5 . h'Qf vl/b ubf{ :sfO z'hsf] jf:tljs nf]uf] x]g{
;d]t sDkgLn] cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

l/on h'; gofF :jfbdf O6x/Ldf ;fd;f]\ l8n/

l/on k|m' 6 h';n] ;'k/k|m6' ;d"xcGtu{t b'O{ gofF h';sf]
laqmL ;'? u/]sf] 5 . l/on h';sf] g]kfnsf nflu clws[t
ljqm]tf 8fa/ g]kfnn] l/on ;'kf k|'m6\; :6a]/L PG8 Knd /
l/on ;'kf k|m'6\; uf]hL a]/L PG8 Ujfef h'; g]kfnL ahf/df
laqmL ;'? u/]sf] xf] .
l/on ;'kf k|m' 6\; h'; ;'k/ k|m' 6\;sf] pTs[i6 :jfbsf
;fy} kf}li6stf / PlG6clS;8]G6sf] u'0fx?n] el/k"0f{ /x]sf]
8fa/ g]kfnn] bfaL u/]sf] 5 . h;df PlG6clS;8]G6,
kmfOa/, le6fldg / ldg/N; rflxg] dfqfdf 5 .
l/on :6a]/L PG8 Knd, :6a]/L, Knd / Sofga]/L h:tf
;'k/ k'm| 6\;sf] ;ld>0f ePsfn] g]kfnL pkef]Qmfn] dg
k/fpg] sDkgLsf] cfzf 5 . 8fa/ g]kfnsf ahf/ k|d'v
ceok|;fb uf]vf{nLn] pkef]Qmfx?sf nflu gofF gofF
k|sf/sf :jfbx?
qmdzM pknAw
u/fO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L lbP .

;fd;f] \ sDkgLsf
pTkfbg ljlqm ljt/0f ug{
O6x/Lsf] w/fg /f] 8 df
;fd;f]s
\ f] cflwsfl/s l8n/
v'ns
] f] 5 . O6x/L h]l;h /
O6x/L n]l8h h]l;hsf k"j{
cWoIfo ls/0f Gof}kfg] /
>LdtL ;'idfn] #) nfv
?k}ofF nufgL u/L ;d[l4 68]
P08 ;Knfo;{ gfds l8n/
;Grfngdf NofPsf x'g\ . ;fd;f]s
\ f] 6]lnlehg, Eofs"d, lSng/
Po/ sl08:g/,l8lh6 Sofd]/f,jfl;\ d]l;g,dfOqmf] cf]eg,lk|mh
nufotsf ;j} k|8S6 /flvPsf] l8n/ ;Grfns Gof}kfg]n] atfP .
sDkgLn] jfl;\ d]l;g,dfOqmf] cf]eg, Eofs"d lSng/,
l8le8L Kn]o/, Po/ sl08:g/, nufotdf Psjif{, PnOl8
nufot cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf 6]lnehg ;]6df ! jif{bv
] L # jif{;Dd
/ lk|mhdf @ jif{sf] jf/]lG6 lbPsf] Gof}kfg]n] hfgsf/L lbP .
l8n/ pb\3f6gsf] cj;/ kf/]/ h'g;'s} ;fdfg vl/b ug]{
u|fxsnfO{ !) k|ltzt 5'6sf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] pgn] atfP .

c;f/ @)&)

27

;fd;'s
\ f tLg gofF df]8nsf Sofd]/f
;fd;'\ Sofd]/fsf] g]kfnsf nflu clws[t ljqm]tf lxd
On]S6fl] gS; k|flnn] ;fd;'s
\ f tLgcf]6f gofF df]8nsf Sofd]/f
ahf/df NofPsf] 5 .
gofF l8lh6n Sofd]/fsf df]8nxdf OP;(%, l8eL
!%) Pkm / 8An"aL#)Pkm 5g\ . sDkgLn] ;:tf] d"Nodf
;'ljwf;lxtsf Sofd]/fsf] laqmL ;'? u/]sf] hgfPsf]5 . h;df
OP;(%sf] g]kfnL ahf/ d"No !) xhf/ @ ;o () ?k}ofF
/x]sf] 5 .
l8eL!%)Pkm / 8An"aL#)Pkm df :df6{ Sofd]/f @=)
e;{g h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . Sofd]/fdf jfO{kmfO{ ljz]iftfn] lvr]sf]
kmf]6f] Od]n ug{ / km];a'sdf /fVg d2t ug]{ sDkgLn] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] 5 . b'j} Sofd]/fdf c6f];]o/ tyf l/df]6 Eo"kmfOG8/sf]
ljz]iftf 5 . Sofd]/fdf 6f9}af6 tf/lagfg} Sofd]/fnfO{ ;]6
ck, h'd Og jf cfp6 / kmf]6f] lvRg ;lsG5 . l8eL!%)

le8f]nsf pTs[i6
l8n/ ;Ddflgt
nIdLklt sG;g{n]
g] k fne/
/x] s f
le8f] n sf pTs[ i 6
l8n/nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf]
5.
h]7 clGtd ;ftf
xf]6n ;f]N6L qmfpg
Knfhfdf ePsf] le8f]n
l8n;{ ld6df pSt
;Ddfg ul/Psf] xf] .
b] z e/Laf6 5gf] 6
ul/Psf l8n/dWo]af6 a]i6 kkm{d]G; cjf8{ u0f]z O06/k|fOh]hn]
k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . To:t}, ;a}eGbf a9L O08li6on n'a|Ls]06
ljqmL ug]{ l;4fy{ 68] ;{ k|fln, ;a}eGbf a9L c6f]df]afOn n'aL| s]06
ljqmL ug]{ cfbz{ hg/n c6f] ;Knfo;{, pTs[i6 ahf/ lj:tf/ ug]{
kfyLe/f 6]8 sG;g{ klg cjf8{ kfpg ;kmn ePsf5g\ . Ps
jif{cl3b]lv cflwsfl/s kdf laqmL z'u/]sf] sG;g{sf xfn
g]kfne/L !$ l8n/ tyf # ;o *) ;al8n/ ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
PS;Knf]/ u|k' af6 ;~rflnt nIdLklt sG;g{n] pTs[i6 l8h]n
Ol~hg cfon, df]6/;fOsnsf] nflu kmf]/6L cfon, Kof;]~h/
sf/ Ol~hg cfon tyf O08li6on Ol~hg cfon klg ljqmL ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . 6fO8 jf6/ cfon sDkgL lnld6]8 ef/tsf] pTkfbg
le8f]n Ol~hg cfonn] pTkfbgsf] ;o jif{ k"/f ul/;s]sf]
hgfOPsf] 5 .
28

c;f/ @)&)

Pkmsf] ahf/ d"No !$ xhf/ ( ;o () ?k}ofF 5 . To;}u/L

8An"aL#)Pkm sf]] !& xhf/ $ ;o () ?k}of 5 . tL b'j}
Sofd]/fdf !^=! lkS;]n Ifdtf /x]sf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

x'08fOsf] gofF sf/

nIdL O06/ sl06g]06n k|flnn] x'08fOsf gofF df]8nsf uf8Lsf]
g]kfndf lalqm ljt/0f yfn]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] x'08fO{ cn Go" cfO{
lhg cfO{@)sf ljleGg df]8nsf uf8L laqmL yfn]sf] xf] .
sDkgLn] g]kfndf a9L ?rfOPsf x\ofrAofs ;]Ud]06df cf:tf,
DofUgf cf], :kf]6\h{ / DofUgf df]8nsf] uf8L ahf/df NofPsf]
atfPsf] 5 .
o;df 8"cn eL6LeL6L d]sflghd;lxtsf] ! bzdnj @
sfKkf k]6f]n OlGhg 5 . Sofljgsf] lzzfdf ePsf] l/o/ kfls{
Sofd/f,SnLg Po/ Sni6/,c6f] x]8nfO6 sG6fn
] km\zgo;sf
ljz]iftf x'g\ . To:t}, o;df jg 6r l6kn 6g{ l;Ugn, @ l8g
;L8L PdkL Yf|L Kn]o/, o"P;aL nufot ;'ljwf 5g\ .
jhf/df cfPsf gofF df]8n dWo] DofUgfsf] d"No @% nfv
%^ xhf/, DofUgf cf]sf] @^ nfv %^ xhf/, :kf]6\h{sf] @* nfv
(^ xhf/ / cf:tfsf] #) nfv (^ xhf/ ?k}ofF tf]lsPsf] sDkgLn]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . x'08fOsf oL df]8nn] k|ltln6/ !* bzdndj
% lsnf]ld6/ dfOn]h lbg] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 .

ko{6g

clUgsf hxfh gd:t] Po/n] rnfpg]

cf7 dlxgfb]lv aGb /x]sf] jfo';j] f sDkgL clUg Po/sf
hxfh gd:t] Po/n] ;Grfngdf Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . gd:t]
Po/n] clUgsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnPkl5 aGb /x]sf]
clUgsf hxfh ;Grfng x'g] ePsf x'g\ .
gd:t] Po/n] clUg Po/sf] ljleGg a}s
+ tyf ljlQo ;+:yfnfO{
ltg'k{ g]{ ^% s/f]8 ?k}ofF ;sfg{] ;emf}tf u/]kl5 a}zfv clGtd
;ftf clUg / gd:t] Po/ aLr Joj:yfkg x]/km]/ ;Df}tf
ePsf] lyof] .
;emf}tf cg';f/ u|fG8 a}s
+ g]kfn lnld6]8sf] cu'jfOdf
;g/fOh a}s
+ lnld6]8 / OG6/g]zgn lnlh PG8 kmfOgfG;
sDkgL lnld6]8af6 clUgn] ;xljlQos/0f shf{ cGt{ut lnPsf]
C0f gd:t]n] ;sfg]{ 5 . gd:t] Po/sf sfo{sf/L cWoIf /fh'
s];L, shf{ nufgL stf{ ;j} a}+ s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf / cUgL
Po/aLr % cf]6f ;+emf}tf ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . cf]l/oG6n sf]
ck/]l6e gfds ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf ;d]t /x]sf Joj;foL
;'wL/ a:g]tsf] nufgL /x]sf] clUg Po/n] jflif{s ?kdf @*
s/f]8 ?k}ofF gfkmf sdfpFb} cfPklg cf]l/oG6ndf artstf{x?sf]
/sd lkmtf{ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf eO cWoIf a:g]t kqmfp k/]kl5
clUg Po/ klg aGb x'g k'us
] f] lyof] . aGb x'gc
' l3 cfGtl/s
ahf/df xjfO;]jfsf] ;ft k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf] clUg;Fu @(
l;6 Ifdtfsf # cf]6f h]6:6Ld / !& l;6 Ifdtfsf @ cf]6f
8f]lg{o/ ladfg /x]sf 5g\ .
gd:t]n] o;} dlxgfaf6 clUgsf b'O{ 8f]lgo{/ hxfh p8fpg]
tof/L ul//x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . @ cf]6f h]6:6Ld hxfh eg]
;fpg bf];f| ] ;ftfb]vLdfq ;Grfngdf cfpg] sDkgLsf] egfO 5
. Pp6f hxfh eg] ljlu|Psfn] dd{t ;lsPkl5 ;Grfngdf
cfpg] atfOPsf] 5 . b'Oj{ 6f 8f]lgo{/ clUg Po/s} gfd /
nf]uf]df tyf tLg h]6:6Ld rfFxL gd:t]sf] nf]uf]df p8\g] hgfOPsf]

5 . lqe'jg cGt{/fli6o ladfg:yndf u|fp08]8 ePsf ;a}

hxfhsf] xfn dd{t sfo{ eO/x]sf] gd:t] Po/n] hgfPsf] 5 .
@)^(;fpgdf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnoaf6 p8fg cg'dlt
kfPsf] gd:t] Po/nfO{ ut d+l;/ !@ df g]kfn gful/s p8\8og
k|flws/0fn] jfo';j] f ;Grfng cg'dlt kq k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] .
gd:t]n] clUgsf hxfh ;Grfngkl5 &@ l;6 Ifdtfsf
b'Oj{ 6f Pl6cf/ &@%)) l;l/hsf hxfh ef8fdf NofP/ ;~rfng
ug]{ of]hgf ;d]t agfPsf] 5 . gd:t]df s];L;lxt rf/hgfn]
Ps ca{ ?k}ofF nufgL u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . gd:t]n] sf7df8f},+
kf]v/f, eb|k/' , la/f6gu/, g]kfnuGh, e}/xjf, e/tk'/ hf]d;f]d
tyf n'Snf p8fg / dfpG6]g k\mnfO6 ;d]t ;~rfng ug]{
hgfPsf] 5 . t/ gd:t] Po/nfO{ gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn]
sf7df8f}+ Po/kf]6{df Po/6flkms ;d:ofsf sf/0f e}/xjf
Po/kf]6{nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ hxfh p8fpg] cg'dlt lbPsf]
atfOPsf]5 .

cfjZostf
o; klqsfsf nflu la/f6gu/, w/fg, wgs'6f, a]njf/L, b'xjL, pnf{jf/L, bds /
latf{df]8 If]qsf nflu ;Dafbbftf / ahf/ k|ltlglw cfjZos k/]sf] x'bF f OR5's /
of]Uotf k'us
] f dlxnf tyf k'?ifnfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
;Dafbbftfsf nflu slDtdf +@ pQL0f{ / sDKo"6/ ;DaGwL 1fg x'g' kg]{ 5 .
kqsf/Ltf If]qdf k|jz
] ug{ rfxg] gj k|jz
] Lx?nfO{ ;d]t :jfut ul/G5 .
ahf/ k|ltlglwsf nflu P; Pn ;L pQL0f{ / lkmN8sf] sfddf ?rL ePsf] x'g' kg]5
{ .
;Dks{ M
df]jfOn g+= (*%@)%%&)%
Email-arthabeat@gmail.com

c;f/ @)&)

29

lj/f6gu/df gf\nf] /]i6'/G] 6

sf7df8f}sf] b/jf/ dfu{l:yt k|l;4 gf\nf] Sofkm] P08
kk ;Grfns ;d"xn] k"js
{ f] cf}Bf]lus zx/ lj/f6gu/df klg
gf\nf] Oi6sf] gfdaf6 /]i6'/]G6 ;Grfngdf NofPsf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/sf] d'6' dflgg] dx]Gb|rf}sl:yt g]kfn ahf/
OG6/g]zgnsf] rf}yf] tnfdf of] /]i6'/]G6 ;Grflnt 5 . gf\nf]
;d"xsf] sl/j ! s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF nufgLdf ut df3
clGtdb]vL of] /]i6'/]G6 ;Grfngdf cfPsf] xf] . gf\nf] Oi6sf
k|jGw lgb]z
{ s t}h; ;'Gb/nfn sIfkltsf cg';f/ jftfg'sl' nt
;'ljwf ;lxtsf] /]i6'/]G6df Ps} k6s @ ;o hgfn] a;]/ vfgf
tyf vfhf vfg ;Sg] Ifdtf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL df}lns
nufot g]kfndf k|rlnt ;j} vfgfsf ;fy} Ol08og vfgfsf
kl/sf/ kfOg] gf\nf] Oi6df @) hgf Ifdtfsf] af/;d]t
;Grflnt 5 .
;+:yfut a}7s tyf ;]ldgf/sf] nflu ;'ljwfo'Qm xn /
cfjZos pks/0fsf] ;d]t Joj:yf /x]sf] /]i6'/]G6df b/jf/
dfu{sf] gf\nf] Sofkm]s} d]g' cg';f/sf vfgfsf kl/sf/x?
kfOg] sIfkltn] atfP .
xfdL g]kfnLsf] rfxfgf cg';f/sf :jfbnfO{ kl:sG5f}+,
g]kfnLsf] :jfb eg]s} gf\nf]sf] vfgf xf] . gf\nf]sf] vfgf
eg]kl5 g]kfnLsf] vfgf xf] eg]/ xfdLn] b]ze/L km}nfpg] nIo

/fv]sf 5f}+ . lj/f6gu/sf] gf\nf] Oi6 xfd|f] !@ cf}+ ;Ghfn xf]

sIfklt eG5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ gf\nf] Oi6n] lj/f6gu/ /
cf;kf;sf u|fxsaf6 5f]6f] cjlwd} /fd|f] dfof kfPsf] 5 . #
dlxgfsf] cg'ejdf dfl;s cf};t #) nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf]
sf/f]jf/ ePsf] 5 . of] eg]sf] xfd|f] nflu ;Gt'li6sf] kIf xf]
sIfkltn] eg] .
;g !(&^ df Zofd;'Gb/ / uf]kfn ;'Gb/nfn sIfklt
bfh'efOn] b/jf/dfu{df z'? u/]sf] gf\nf] Sofkm] P08 kk
30

c;f/ @)&)

cGt{ut xfn sf7df8f}+df ( :yfg / sf7df8f}+ jflx/ a'6jn,

tfg;]g / lj/f6gu/df /]i6'/G] 6 ;Grflnt 5g\ eg] of] ;d"xs}
nufgLdf lrtjgsf] s'l/g6f/df l/e/;fO6 :k|L\ l/;f]6{ ;d]t
;Grfng x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . gf\nf] ;d"x cGt{ut :t/Lo /]i6'/G] 6sf
;fy} gf\nf] a]s/L pBf]u ;d]t ;Grfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . xfn
lj/f6gu/l:yt gf\nf] Oi6df klg a]s/Lsf cfO6d /flvPsf]
5 . of] xfd|f] /]i6'/]G6sf nflu xfdL cfFkm}n] olx pTkfbg u/]sf
xf}+ k|jGw lgb]{zs sIfklt eG5g\ a]s/Lsf] dfu /]i6'/]G6 aflx/
klg j9\g yfn]sf] 5 . s]xL ;dokl5 k|lqmof k'/f u/]/ Joj;flos
pTkfbg ;d]t yfNg] xfd|f] ;f]rfO 5 .
lj/f6gu/df gf\nf] /]i6'/G] 6 v'nk] l5 o; If]qsf jfl;Gbfx?n]
kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf :t/Lo vfgfsf] ;'ljwf /x]sf] /]i6'/G] 6sf]
cefj k'/f u/]sf] k|ltlqmof lbPsf5g\ . cfk\mgf] kl/jf/ ;lxt
/]i6'/]G6df vfgf vfO /x]sf /fli6o ;xsf/L a}\ssf cWoIf
/d]z kf]vn
|] n] lj/f6gu/ jf;Lsf] rfxfgf cg';f/sf] ;]jf gf\nf]n]
lbg ;s]sf] k|ltlqmof lbP . gf\nf] Oi6n] @( hgfnfO{ k|ToIf
/f]huf/L lbPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .

k'Ug}kg]{ tLy{:yn M xn];L dxfb]j

n s[i0f

v8\sf
k'j{sf] kz'kltgfysf] gfdn] k|Voft vf]6f lhNnfsf]
xn];L dxfb]j:yfg ef/t jif{el/ g} k|Voft 5 .
=:jfdL z+s/frfo{sf] lty{dxfTDodf pNn]lvt of]
lzjwfd clt dxTjk"0f{ kf}/fl0fs :yfg egL+ ljleGg wfld{s
zf:qxdf ;d]t j0f{g ul/Psf] wfd xf] . Psflt/ lxGb'
tyf af}4 wdf{jnDjLx?sf] ;femf cf:yfsf] s]Gb| xf] eg]
csf{lt/ oxfF cjl:yt ;'Gb/ u'kmfx? k"0f{{ k|fs[lts
ePsfn] ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf] nflu ;d]t of] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|
dflgG5 .
d'Vo u'kmf
of] dlGb/ k/fk'j{sfn b]vLg} lxGb' / af}4dfuL{x?sf]
;ff lty{:yn ?kdf k|Voft 5 =oxfF :jb]zL / lab]zL
lxGb' tyf af}4dfuL{x? bz{gsf nflu cfpg] ub{5g ;+;f/s}
pRr lxdfn ;u/dfyfsf] glhs /x]sf] of] wfd ;fRr}
k|fs[lts 56fn] ;';HhLt 5 .
kxf8sf] 6fs'/fdf cjl:yt ;'Gb/
k|fs[lts u'kmf / u'kmf leq ePsf
k|fs[lts agf}6df lzjlnuh:t}
b]lvg]] cgf}7f] cfs[ltx?n] oxfF
k'Ug] ;j}nfO{ cfsif{0f ub{5g\ .
lzjwfd ePsf] x'Fbf oxfF lzj/fqL
kj{df 7'nf] d]nf nfUb5 / c?
wfld{s kj{x?df klg g]kfn tyf
ef/taf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf w]/}
>4fn'x? bz{gs} p2]Zon] k'Ug]
u5{g . =
;'gsf]zL / b'wsf]zL glb
kxf8sf] 6fs'/fdf kf/ub}{ hfg'kg]{ of] wfdsf] ofqf
;d]t cToGt /dl0fo x'g]u5{ .
cjl:yt ;'Gb/
;d'b| ;txaf6 sl/j @%)) lkm6
k|fs[lts u'kmf /
prfO{df cjl:yt xn];L
u'kmf leq ePsf
dxfb]j:yfg x/]s lxGb' jf
k|fs[lts agf}6df
lzjlnuh:t} b]lvg]] af}4dfuL{ clg k|To]s g]kfnLn]
cgf}7f] cfs[ltx?n] Psk6s oxfFsf] tLyf{6g ug'k{ g]{
:yn xf] . oxfF afx}} dlxgf hfg
oxf k'Ug] ;j}nfO{
;lsG5 .=To;df klg ebf} clGtd
cfsif{0f ub{5g\ .
;ftfb]lv h]7sf] clGtd ;ftf;Dd
oxfF hfg pko'Qm df};d x'g] u5{ =. oxfF /fqL la>fdsf
nflu xf]6n nhx? ;d]t k|;:t} 5g\ .
s;/L hfg] xn];L <
sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f, lj/f6gu/,w/fg jf
sfs8le6\6faf6 a;;]jf dfkm{t l;/xfsf]] ldr}{of k'Ug] .

ldr}{ofaf6 pQ/tkm{ dxfef/t r'/] >+[vnf kf/ub}{ pbok'/sf]

s6f/Lx'Fb} 3'dL{;Dd k'luG5 . ldr}{ofaf6 r'/] kxf8 l5rf]nb}
dfly y'Dsf]df k'u]kl5 Tolx b]vL /dfOnf] b[Zokfg ug{
kfOG5 . ToxfFaf6 x]bf{ t/fO{sf xl/of kmfF6x? cToGt
dgdf]xs b]lvG5g\ .
To;kl5 pbok'/sf] s6f/L ahf/ h'g
vf]6f,cf]vn9'\uf / ;f]n'v'Da'sf] Aofkfl/s s]Gb| xf] . Tof]
jhf/ kf/ub}{ l;l4r/0f dfu{af6 nfnLu'/fF;sf] pj{/e"ld
a]ltgL k'luG5 . l;l4r/0f dfu{df kxf8L >[+vnf l5rf]Nb}
;'gsf]zL au/ 3'dL{ cfpF5 . ;'gsf]zLdf lxpFb dlxgfdf
km]/L / a]nL a|Lh -c:yfoL kmnfd] k'n_af6 ;jf/L
;fwg;lxt glb tg{ ;lsG5 . xfn ;'gsf]zL / b'wsf]zL b'j}
glbdf :yfoL kSsLk'n / ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ o'4:t/df
;Grfng eO/x]sf] 5 . ;'gsf]zL glb t/]kl5 xs{k'/ k'luG5
. xs{k'/af6 ;f]n'v'Da',cf]vn9'\uf / xn];Ltkm{ hfg] dfu{
5'6\l6G5 . xs{k'/af6 sl/a !@ lsdL pQ/ ofqf u/]kl5
ho/fd3f6 k'luG5 . ho/fd3f6 k'Ugsfnflu ldr}{ofaf6
s6f/L x'bF } ;fj{hlgs a;;]jf ;d]t ;Grflnt 5 . cfk\mgf]
lglh ;jf/L ;fwg jf ef8fdf hLk lnP/ klg xn];L;Dd
hfg ;lsG5 .
-v8sf O6x/L:yLt >Ls[i0f tLy{ofqL ;]jf k|flnsf ;Grfns x'g\

c;f/ @)&)

31

s[lif

sfutL v]tLaf6

k|ltlj3f !! nfv eGbf al9 cfDbfgL

n /Ghgs'df/

l;+x

sfutL ;j} dflg;n] pkef]usf] nflu ?rfpg] cldnf]

hftsf] kmn xf] . o;nfO{ crf/ jf ;j{tsf] nflu tTsfn}
lgrf]/]/ pkof]u ug{b]vL lnP/ crf/ agfP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd
pkef]u ug{, ;j{t nufotsf k]o kbfy{ agfpg, cldnf]sf]
/; agfP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd k|of]usf nflu /fVg ;d]t u/]sf]
kfOG5 . sfutLdf cf}iflwo u'0f ;d]t /x]sfn] o;nfO{ ax'u0' fLo,
jx'pkof]uL ljz]iftf /x]sf] kmnsf] ?kdf ;d]t lrlgG5 .
g]kfndf jiff}g{ L # ca{ ?k}ofF eGbf jl9sf] sfutL vkt
x'g] cf+s8f 5 . olt w]/} vkt x'g] sfutLsf] g]kfndf pTkfbg
eg] cToGt} yf]/} 5 . oxfF pkef]u x'g] sfutL dWo] () k|ltzt
ef/taf6 cfot x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sfutL v]tL cfFkm}n] ug{
;lsG5 / o;af6 cfDbfgL klg cGo jfnLeGbf @) cf}+ u'0ff
jl9 lng ;lsG5 .
sfutL v]tL ubf{ Ps s6\7f hldgdf $% cf]6f lj?jf
/f]Kg ;lsG5 . lj?jf /f]ks
] f] tLg jif{kl5b]vL kmn lng ;lsG5
. s]xL hftsf] sfutL jif{df tLg k6s;Dd kmN5 . Pp6f
af]6df jif{df Ps;o lsnf]uf| d;Dd pTkfbg x'G5 .
Ps lsnf]u|fddf jl9df !* bfgf sfutL x'G5 . clxn]
jhf/df v'bf| d"No k|ltuf]6f Go"gtd # ?k}ofFbv
] L clwstd
!) ?k}ofF;Dd vl/b ljlqm eO /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . Go"gtd #
?k}ofF g} x'Fbf klg Ps s]hLdf %$ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL x'G5 .
ls;fgn] Aofkf/LnfO{ xf]n;]ndf a]Rbf sDtLdf klg k|lts]hL
@% ?k}ofF kfpg ;S5 . o; cfwf/df Pp6f ufl5af6 @% ;o
?k}ofF cfDbfgL x'g ;S5 . xfdLn] To;sf] cfwfdfq cfDbfgLsf]
cfzf ubf{ klg %) s]hLaf6 !@ ;o %) ?k}ofF cfpF5 . o;
lx;fjdf Ps s6\7fdf nufOPsf $% af]6af6 Go"gtd %^
xhf/ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL x'G5 . s;}n] Ps ljufxfdf nufpg] xf]
eg] !! nfv @% xhf/ ?k}ofF x'G5 . of] eg]sf] cToGt sd
pTkfbgsf] cg'dfg xf] . Ps lj3f hUufdf nufOPsf] sfutL
v]tLdf jflif{s uf]8d]n pkrf/ / /]vb]vsf nflu @ nfv
?k}ofF vr{ kof{Kt x'G5 . o; cfwf/df vr{ s6fP/ k|ltlj3f (
nfv ?k}ofF;Dd v'b cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 .
sfutL pTkfbg ePdf :yfgLo jhf/d} k|;:t vkt x'G5
. To;sf ;fy} b]zdf ;Grfng x'bF } cfPsf h'; pBf]ux?n] klg
vl/b ub{5g\ . xfn b]zdf vkt x'g] sfutL dWo] () k|ltzt
ljb]zaf6 cfpg] u/]sfn] olx pTkfbg ug{;s] ljb]zaf6 x'g]
cfotnfO{ 36fO :jb]zL d'bf| ljb]z knfog x'g] qmdnfO{ klg
/f]Sg ;lsG5 . clxn] k"jf{Grnsf] cj:yf x]g]{ xf] eg] oxfF

32

c;f/ @)&)

;Grfng x'Fb} cfPsf l/hfn

6fF;L / h]ljP; O08li6"hn]dfq}
jflif{s sl/j ! ;o %) 6g
sfutL vkt ul/ /x]sf 5g\ .
pBf] u x? klg clxn] ; Dd
ljb]zd} lge{/ /x]sf] cj:yf
5.
sfutLsf] v]tL nufpg] of]
pko' Q m -h] 7 b] v L ebf} sflt{s;Dd_ l;hg xf] . t/
!@ dlxg} sfutLsf] lj?jf nufpg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu
wfgjfnL gx'g] pRrf hldg eP /fd|f] t/ kfgL ghDg] h'g;'s}
hldgdf klg sfutL nufpg ;lsG5 .
oxfF w]/} hftsf sfutLsf lj?jf k|rngdf 5g\ . sfutLsf]
lj?jf nufpFbf k|ltjf]6 jl9 kmNg], jl9 /; cfpg] / :jflbnf]

l/hfn 6fF;L sfutL v]tLdf

hft 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] hftdf o'l/sf, sfuhL snfd
nufotsf hft k|rngdf 5g\ . sfutL v]tL;Fu} lelqof jfnLsf]
?kdf j];f/ nufotsf] v]tLug{ ;lsG5 . a];f/ nufpg] xf]
eg] sfutL v]tL nufpFbf ePsf] vr{ b'O jif{d} lgsfNg ;lsG5
.
sfutLdf k/ lge{/tf 36fpg l/hfn 6fF;L O08li6"hn]
ljut s]xL jif{b]vL v]tL cleofg z'? u/]sf] 5 . pBf]un]
jflif{s ! ;o 6g sfutL vkt ub}{ cfPsf]df ;j} ef/taf6
cfot ug'k{ g]{ jfWotf lyof] . t/ cfFkm}n] sl/j & lj3f hUufdf
^ xhf/ lj?jf /f]k]/ sfutLsf] ju}+rf ljsf; u/]sf sf/0f
xfn jflif{s ^% 6g cfk\mg} kmfd{af6 pTkfbg eO /x]sf] 5 .
pBf]usf] kmfd{df sfutLsf lj?jf pTkfbg u/]/ v]tLug{ OR5's
ls;fgx?nfO{ Go"gtd d"Nodf ljlqm ljt/0f ;d]t ug]{ ul/Psf]
5 . xfn;Dd l/hfn6fF;L dfkm{t k"jf{Grndf #) xhf/ lj?jf
nufO ;lsPsf] 5 . o; jif{klg @) xhf/ lj?jf pTkfbg ug]{
nIo 5 . sfutL v]tL ug]{sf nflu lgMz'Ns k|fljlws ;Nnfx
;d]t lbg] ul/G5 .

-jfujfgL lj1, l;+x l/hfn6fF;L O08li6h O6x/Lsf] kmfd{ Dofg]h/

x'g . l;+xnfO{ (*%@)$^%)( df ;Dks{ u/]/ hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . _

ljljw
O6x/L pjf;+3df r'gfj nfUof]

pd]z kf}8n
]

cWoIfdf tLg hgfsf]

pDd]bjf/L tof/L

pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 O6x/Ldf r'gfjL ;/udL{ a9]sf] 5 .

/f]xLt k|;fOF g]t[Tjsf] sfo{;ldltsf] tLgjif]{ sfo{sfn k'/f
ePsfn] olx c;f/ @! ut] gofF sfo{;ldlt u7g ug]{ ldlt
to ePsf] 5 .
h;sf] nflu c;f/ ^ ut];Dd Aoj;fo gljs/0f u/]/
dtbftf ;'lrdf gfd btf{ ug]{ ;do ;+3n] tf]s]sf] 5 . ljut
nfdf] ;dob]vL ;j{;Ddt g]t[Tj rog x'Fb} cfPsf] O6x/L
pjf;+3df o; k6s eg] r'gfj} x'gl] :ylt b]vLPsf] 5 .
z'?df ;j{;Ddt x'g] nueu ;xdlt eO ;s]sf] ;+3df
jt{dfg cWoIf /f]lxt k|;fOFn] k'g cWoIf g} x'g] eg]/ cfk\mgf]
ultljw j9fpg yfn]kl5 r'gfjsf] l:ylt ag]sf] atfOG5 .
pjf;+3 O6x/Ldf Ps k6s afx]s xfn;Dd cWoIf ;j{;Ddt
x'Fb} cfPsf lyP . cl3Nnf] k6s cWoIfsf] nflu ;j}af6
;xdlt h'6fPsf jt{dfg jl/i7 pkfWoIf OZj/ e/fOnfO{
k|;fOFsL cfdf ;d]tn] o; k6s /f]lxtnfO{ 5f]l8 lbg' xf];
csf]{ k6s /f]lxtn] tkfOFnfO{ ;3fpg] 5g\ eg]/ cg'/f]w u/]kl5
e/fOn] 5f]8]/ /f]lxt ;j{;Ddt ePsf lyP .
t/ # jif{kl5 /f]lxtn] tL ;j} s'/f ljl;{P/ k'g cfFkm}
cWoIf x'g] cEof; yfn]kl5 r'gfjL ;/udL{ j9]sf] e/fO{
atfpF5g\ . of] ;dfrf/ tof/ kfbf{;Dd cWoIf kbdf /f]lxt
k|;fOF / pd]z kf}8n
] jLr k|ltikwf{ x'g] lglZrt h:t} ePsf]
5 . t/ jt{dfg sfo{;ldtsf clwsf+z kbflwsf/Lx? /f]lxtnfO{
k'g cWoIf bf]xf]ofpg lbg] kIfdf 5}gg\ . / /f]lxtsf] jfuL
pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf dl0fGb| s6'jfn;d]t cWoIf kbdf r'gfj
n8\g] ePsf5g\ . a}7sdf klg ax'dt ;b:on] csf]{nfO{
df}sf lbg'kg]{ ;w} Pp6} JolQmn] kbnf]nk' tf b]vfpg gx'g]
;'emfj lbb} cfPsf
5g\ . !& ;b;Lo
sfo{ ; ldltsf ()
k|ltzt eGbf jl9
/f]lxtnfO{ bf]xf]ofpg
glbg] kIfdf 5g\ . !)
k| l tzt ;b:o /
lgj{dfg cWoIf 6\s
b'nfndfq /f]lxtnfO{

k'gMcWoIf agfpg] cleofgdf xft wf]P/ nfu]sf 5g\ . 6\s

/f]lxtsf] kIfdf nfUg'sf] sf/0f eg] sfo{;ldltdf lgj{dfg
cWoIfsf] klg k|d'v e"ldsf x'g] ePsfn] xf] . /f]lxtnfO{ k'g
cWoIf agfpg kfP cem} Ps sfo{sfn lgj{tdfg cWoIfsf]
?kdf lg0ff{os :yfgdf /xg kfpg] :jfy{ af]s]/ 6\s lx8]sf
5g\ . t/ of] pgsf] unt cfsf+If xf] sfo{ ;ldltsf Ps
;b:on] eg] .
Pp6} AolQmnfO{ ^ jif{ cWoIf / # jif{ lgj{dfg cWoIf
j:g lbP/ c? rfFxL a'9f] x'gk' 5{ eGg] 5}g To;}n] d}n] r'gfj
n8\g] of]hgf agfPsf] xf] . pkfWoIf pd]z kf}8]nn] eg] .
/f]lxtn] cWoIfdf k'gM r'gfj n8\g] eg]kl5 jl/i7 pkfWoIf
e/fO{ eg] r'gfj gn8\g] ul/ kl5 x6]sf 5g\ . d Tolt
dl/xQ] u/]/ kb lng] kIfdf 5}g . ;fyLx?n] ;j{;Ddt lbg
rfxfG5g\ eg] l7s} 5 gq cfk\mg} Aoj;fodf Wofg lbG5'
dl/xQ] u/]/ kbdf a:g rfxGg t/ ;xdlt kfngf gu/]sf
sf/0f /f]lxt k'gM ;j{;Ddt cfpg] cj:yf /xof] eg] rfFxL d
pgL;Fu clGtd cj:fdf klg r'gfj n8\g] 5' .OZj/n] eg] .
sfo{;dltsf ;b:ox? eG5g\ /f]lxtn] cfk\mgf] sfo{sfndf
Aofkfl/ ju{sf] lxtdf vf;} sfd ug{ ;s]gg\ . Aofkfl/x?
;d:of lnP/ uPdf pgL ;d:of ;'Gg] ;do klg lbb}gy] .
cfd Aofkfl/x? /f]lxtsf] :jefj k|lt cEo:t eO ;s]sf 5g\
. o:tf] cj:yfdf clxn] hlt 5lj agfPsf 5g\ r'gfj n8\bf
lhTg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g / xf/ eof] eg] /f]lxtsf] 5lj cem}
lug]{ l:ylt cfpg ;S5
a? pgL s;} s f]
axsfpdf nfu]/ r'gfj
n8\g' eGbf # jif{;Dd
lgj{dfg cWoIfsf] ?kdf
;Ddflgt eP/ a:g' j]z
xf] h;n] pgsf] 5ljnfO{
jrfpg d2t ub{ 5
pgsf z'e lrGtsx?
olx ;'emfj lbO/x]sf
5g\ .
dl0fGb| s6'jfn

/f]lxt k|;fOF

c;f/ @)&)

33

/f]huf/

b'jOsf a}s
\ df g]kfnLnfO{ ef/L z'Ns
n l6sf/fd

g]lt

/fhb"t wgGho emfn] yf]/} tnj

ePsf g] k fnL sfdbf/sf nfuL
a}\ssf] of]] lgodn] lgSs} cK7f/f]
kf/]sf] atfP . b"[tfjf;n] oxfFsf
a}\sx?sf] kl/jlt{t lgod pk/
s]lxug{ g;Sg] ePsfn] g]kfn ;/sf/
/ ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fPsf 5f}+ . /fhb"t emfn] eg] .
a}s
\ x?sf] pQm lgod kljt{g
ug{ g;lsg] xf] eg] g]kfnL sfdbf/sf]
Go"gtd tnadf dfl;s @% lb/fd
j[l4 ug{ ;'e
[ mfj lbOg] pgn] hfgsf/L
lbP . o' P O ;/sf/n] ljb] z L
sfdbf/nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf a}\s
dfkm{t tnj e'Stfg ug{ uPsf]
hgj/Lb]lv s8fOsf ;fy lgod nfu'
u/] n ut} oxfF s f ;j} a} \ s x?n]
;+o+ Q
' m c/a Od]/6] ;
\ -o'PO_sf a}s
\ x?n] ljb]zL u|fxsaf6
clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s ;]jf z'Ns lng yfn]kl5 g]kfnL
sfdbf/x? 7"nf] cfly{s ef/df k/]sf 5g\ .
o'PO ;/sf/sf] kl/jlt{t kl5Nnf] gLltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{
oxfFsf @% eGbf al9 a}\sn] clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s @%
lb/fd ;]jf z'Ns c;'Ng yfn]kl5 g]kfnL sfdbf/n]dfq dfl;s
g]kfnL ?k}ofF !! s/f]8 %) nfv eGbf al9 oxfFsf a}\snfO{
e'Qmfg u/L/x]sf 5g\ .
o"POdf oxfFsf] /fHo ;/sf/n] oxfF /x]sf ljb]zL sfdbf/nfO{
tnj e'QmfgL ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf a}s dfkm{tg} tna e'QmfgL
ug'k{ g]{ lgod nfu' u/]nut} oxfFsf a}s
\ x?n] vftfjfnf ljb]zL
sfdbf/n] clgjfo{ ?kdf dfl;s @% lb/fd e'Stfg ug[k{ g]{ jf
pgLx?sf] vftfdf Go"gtd tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF df}Hbft x'gk' g]{
zt{ nfu' u/]kl5 o;sf] df/df g]kfnL sfdbf/ k/]sf x'g\ .
xfn o'POdf sl/j b'Onfv g]kfnLx? sfdbf/sf] ?kdf /x]sf
5g\ .
g]kfn / b'jO ;/sf/sf] ;+emf}tf cg';f/ b'jOdf sfo{/t
g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds cf7;o ?k}ofF /x]sf] 5
. dfl;s cf7;o dfq jf jf ;f] eGbf al9 tna x'g] g]kfnLx?n]
klg a}s
\ df Go"gtd tLgxhf/ lb/fd /fVg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g
. o;sf] df/df k|ToIf g]kfnL sfdbf/ k/]sf] ljifodf b'jOl:yt
g]kfnL b"tfjf;n] ;d]t u+le/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]=hgfPsf] 5 .
34

c;f/ @)&)

;]jfz'Nsdf j9f]Q/L ug]{ of Go"gtd df}Hbft /sdsf] Aoj:yf

nfu' u/]sf x'g . o"POdf o'lgog g];gn j}s, xlja, cfj'bfjL
sd{l;on,d;/s,PrP;lj;L, dl;{s,cf]dfg,;fhf{ :nfdLs,b'jO
PgjL8L,Old/]6\; PgjLl8 nufotsf a}\sx? lqmofl;n 5g\ .
o;eGbf cl3 s]lx a}\sn] dfl;s !) lb/fd dfq lng] u/]sf
lyP . o"POdf /x]sf 7"nf / gfd sdfPsf sDkgLn] a}\sdf
sfdbf/sf] vftf cfFkm}n] vf]nL lbg] ePklg sfdbf/s} tna
jf6 /sd s6f}tL ug]{ u/]sf 5g\eg] s]lx sDkgLn] dfq a}\;Fu
;+emf}tf u/]/ z'Ns gnfUg] of cfFkm} e"tfg u/]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr
sfdbf/sf] ?kdf oxfF cfOk'u]sf g]kfnLx?n] a}\sdf vftf
vf]Ng] Go"gtd tLgxhf/ lb/fd gx'Fbf tnj;d]t kfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ . oxfFsf sof+} sfdbf/n] a}sdf vftf vf]Ng] # xhf/
lb/fd gePs} sf/0f dlxgf ljlt;Sbf klg tna kfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\ .
3/jf/L lwtf] /fv]/ / ;fx'sf] C0f sf9]/ sdfpg cfPsf
g]kfnLx? z'?d} a}\sdf vftf vf]Ng df]6f] /sd rflxPkl5
cnkq k/]sf 5g\ . z'?df vftf vf]Ng g]kfnL slDtdf ^@
xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf w]/} nfUg]ePkl5 g]kfnL;Fu} ;j}h;f] ljb]zL
sfdbf/ cK7f/f]dfdfq k/]sf 5}gg\ . rf]S6f vfg uPsL a'9L
emf]ndf 8'j]/ d/Lem} ePsf 5g\ .
-g]lt o'POsf] cfj'wfjLdf sfo{/t kqsf/ x'g\ _

:jf:Yo

#% ?k}ofFdf cfFvf kl/If0f

lj/f6gu/sf] k'/fgf] xjfO lkmN8l:yt lj/f6 cfFvf ;d]t c:ktfnn] cf]lk8L tyf ;Nolqmof ;]jf ;Grfng ub}{
c:ktfnn] cfFvfsf lj/fdLx?sf] nflu #% ?k}ofFd} ljz]if1 cfPsf] c:ktfnsf ;Grfns /fhs'df/ d08nn] hfgsf/L
lrlsT;lso hfFr ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
lbP . 8]9 jif{cl3 !) s/f]8 ?k}ofF nufgL ul/ :yfkgf u/]sf]
c:ktfndf jflif{s %) xhf/ lj/fdL cfpg] u/]sf
5g\ eg] em08} !) xhf/sf] ;Nolqmof x'g] u/]sf]
5.
c:ktfnn] s"n lj/fdLsf] !) k|ltzt dflg;sf]
lgM z'Ns ;Nolqmof u/fpFb} cfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
ljleGg u|fld0f tyf b'ud
{ Onfsfdf 3'DtL :jf:Yo
lzlj/ ;Grfng ug]{ / To:tf lzlj/df cfPsf
lj/fdLx? dWo] ;Nolqmof ug'k{ g]{ lj/fdLsf] lgMz'Ns
;Nolqmof ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnn] ;g\ @)!#
leq k"jf{Grnsf b'u{d tyf lxdfnL lhNnfdf ^
cf]6f lgMz'Ns cfFvf lzlj/ ;Grfng ug]{ of]hgf
/fv]sf] 5 . h; cGt{u ut a}zfv !%b]vL
!&ut] ; Dd ;+ v ' j f;efsf] r} g k' / df lgMz' N s
;Nolqmof ;lxtsf] cfFvf pkrf/ lzlj/ ;Grfng
u/]sf]df * ;o %) hgf lj/fdLn] ;]jf lnPsf
lj/fdLx?sf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu zlgjf/ / ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf] lyP .
lbg ;d]t cf]lk8L, ;Nolqmof nufotsf ;j} ;]jf lbg] u/]sf]
g]kfnsf cfFvf c:ktfndf ljsl;t b]zsf] hlQs} :t/Lo
c:ktfnn] sf7df8f}+ jflx/ klxnf] k6s ;Nolqmofsf ;]jf g]kfnL lrlsT;sx?n] lbg] u/]sfn] ef/tLo lj/fdLx?sf]
lj/fdLx?nfO{ 8]-s]o/ ;'ljwf lbb} cfPsf] 5 . ;Nolqmof g]kfnsf cfFvf c:ktfnx?df le8 nfUg] u/]sf] atfOG5 .
u/]sf lj/fdLnfO{ xfdL b'O 306f;Dd 8]- s]o/df /fv]/ 3/ g]kfndf eGbf ef/tdf $ u'gf jl9 pkrf/ vr{ nfUg] ePsfn]
k7fpF5f,obL s'g} lj/fdL To;lbg 3/ hfg ;Sg] cj:yf ePg klg ef/tLox?sf] cfsif{0f g]kfnsf cfFvf c:ktfndf x'g]
eg] lgMz'Ns j]8sf] ;d]t ;'ljwf lbg] u/]sf 5f}c:ktfnsf u/]sf] lj/f6 cfFvf c:ktfnsf k|zf;g k|d'v k|;fOF atfpF5g\
k|zf;g k|dv
' /fh]z k|;fOFn] eG5g\ .
. pgsf cg';f/ lj/f6 cfFvf c:ktfndf dfq x}g lj/f6gu/sf
k|;fOFsf cg';f/ c:ktfndf !% j]8sf] ;'ljwf 5 . lj/fdLsf ;j} cfFvf c:ktfndf pkrf/sf] nflu cfpg] lj/fdL dWo] *)
s'?jfsf] nflu klg c:ktfnn] lgMz'Ns /fqL jf;sf] ;'ljwf k|ltzt ef/tLo gful/s x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
lbPsf] 5 . /fqLjf;sf nflu ! ;o %) hgf;Dd jf; j:g
;Sg] ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 .
cfFvf/f]u ljz]if1 8f=afns'df/ s];L / 8f= dgf]hs'df/
l;+xn] ;]jf lbb} cfPsf] lj/f6 cfFvf c:ktfnn] @$ 306]
Od/h]G;L ;'ljwf ;d]t lbb} cfPsf] 5 . cfFvf ;DaGwL ;j}
;d:ofsf] pkrf/ x'g] c:ktfnn] cfFvfdf df]tLljGb'sf]
cTofw'lgs k|ljlwaf6 ;Nolqmof ug]{ k2tL km]sf] ;h{/Lsf]
;'ljwf lbb} cfPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . To:t} cfFvfdf lemNnL
knfPsf]nfO{ tTsfn n]h/ ljlwaf6 x6fpg] ofu n]h/ pkrf/
;'ljwf ;d]t c:ktfnn] lbb} cfPsf] k|zf;g k|dv
' k|;fOF
atfpF5g\ .
c:ktfndf g]kfnsf] k"jf{Grnsf ;j} lhNnf / ef/tsf]
ljxf/, klZRfd j+ u fn, emf/v08,/fF r L, pQ/ k| b ] z /
c?0ffGrnb]vL ;d]t lj/fdL cfpg] ePsfn] pgLx?sf]
;'ljwfnfO{ dWogh/ ul/ zlgjf/ / ;fj{hlgs ljbfsf] lbg

c;f/ @)&)

35

oftfoft

gofF kl/Iff k|0ffnLn]

nfO;]G; 7Kk
;/sf/n] ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq -nfO;]G;_ ljt/0fsf
nflu k/LIff k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g u/]kl5 b'O{ dlxgfb]lv sf]zL
cGrn ;lxt !@ c~rndf 6"fon kl/Iff aGb /x]sf]5 .
;/sf/n] j}zfvb]lv ;fljssf] 6L cfsf/nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L
c+u|]hLsf] 8-P6_ cfsf/df df]6/;fOsn tyf uf8Lsf] 6"fon
lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, rfnssf] ;fjwfg, ;'/Iff
k/LIf0f,;fF3/' f] k/LIf0f, 6"flkms ;+st] , ult, luo/ / ;do kl/If0f
;d]t ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . lnlvt k/LIffdf ljifout k|Zg
klg ;f]Wg] ul/Psf] 5 .
clxn] cg'dltkqsf nflu afudtL c~rnsf] sf7df8f}+df
dfq 6fon lbg] Joj:yf 5 . cfjZos k"jf{wf/ / hUuf cefjdf
afudtL afx]ssf c~rndf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] 6"fon lbg] sfo{ x'g
g;s]sf] xf] .
j}zfv;Dd s0ff{nL afx]s ;a} c~rnsf afl;Gbfsf nflu
rfns cg'dltkqsf] lnlvt / k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] cj;/ lyof]
. ;/sf/n] sf7df8f}+ aflx/ cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf gu/]sf
sf/0f sf7df8f} +aflx/ k/LIff aGb /x]sf] 5 .

36

c;f/ @)&)

dfl;s Ps xhf/ eGbf

jl9 nfO;]G; hf/L x'b} cfPsf]
sfof{nodf b'O dlxgfb]vL
nfO;]G;sf] sfd 7Kk ePsfn]
bjfj yfDg} g;Sg] cj:yf
/x]sf] 5 .
xf]dgfy e/fO{ -sfof{no k|d'v_
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no, sf]zL

cfufdL jif{sf] ah]6dfkm{t dfq 6"fonsf] k"jf{wf/ -6flkms

nfO6, ;+s]t, :kL8 a|]s/_ agfpg /sd cfpg] ePsfn]
cem} tLg-rf/ dlxgf;Dd nfUg] oftfoft Aoj:yf ljefun]
hgfPsf] 5 . klxn] gofF k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/]/ gofF lgod nfu'

of}g :jf:Yo
ug'{ kYof]{ . To;f] gx'g] eP gofF Joj:yf cg';f/ k"jf{wf/
tof/ gx'Gh]n k'/fg} k|0ffnLdf sfd ug'{ kb{Yof] t/ To;f] gx'g'
oftfoft Aoj:yf ljefusf] k\m6\ofOF ePsf] sf]zL cGrn
8"fOle\ :s"n ;+3sf cWoIf ofbj kf}8]nsf] cf/f]k 5 .
j}zfvb]lv sf7df8f}+df dfq nfO;]G;sf] lnlvt /
k|of]ufTds kl/Iff lbg] Joj:yf 5 . o:tf] Joj:yfsf sf/0f
rfns aGg rfxg] tyf df]6/;fOsn rfns nfO;]G;sf
nflu sf7df8f}+ hfg afWo 5g\ . nfvf}+ dflg;nfO{ b'Mv lbg]
sfd ePsf] 5 . kf}8]nn] eg] .
sf]zL cGrn oftfoft sfof{nosf k|d'v xf]dgfy e/fO{
dfl;s Ps xhf/ eGbf jl9 nfO;]G; hf/L x'Fb} cfPsf]
sfof{nodf b'O dlxgfb]vL nfO;]G;sf] sfd 7Kk ePsfn]
bjfj yfDg} g;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] atfpF5g\ . t/ :yfgLo
:t/af6 xfdLn] dfly cg'/f]w ug]{ afx]s s]xL ug{;Sg] cj:yf
5}g . e/fO{ eG5g\ .
gofF Aoj:yf cg';f/sf] 6"fon k|0ffnL nfu' ug{ Pslj3f
eGbf jl9 hUuf cfjZos kb{5 . t/ Tolt hUuf sf]zL
cGrn sfof{non] vl/b ug{ jf ef8fdf lng kfpg] cj:yf
5}g . lsgsL oxfFsf hUufx? s6\7faf6 w'/sf 6'qmfdf kl/0ft
eO;s]sf 5g\ . w]/} 6f9f kfOPnf t/ 6f9f hfFbf klg
Joj:yfkgdf sl7gfO x'g ;S5 sfof{no k|dv
' e/fOsf]
egfO{ 5 .
clxn];Dd ljefun] hUuf kfOG5 kfOb}g, slt jh]6
cfjZos k5{ eGg] h:tf s'g} klg :6Ld]6 gdfu]sf] vfnL
Pp6f kl/kq u/]/ xfnnfO{ gofF Joj:yf nfu' ePsfn] k'/fgf]
Aoj:yf cg';f/ cg'dlt kq ljt/0f ug]{ sfd aGb ug'{ dfq
elgPsf] sfof{no ;|f]tn] atfof] .
ptf oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf clwsf/Lx?n] eg] gofF
6"fonsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ k|To]s c~rnsf nflu @) nfv
?k}ofF nfUg] cg'dfg /x]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
8"fOle\ :s"n ;+3 g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o afa'/fd k|wfg
rfns cg'dlt kq sf7df8f} jflx/ olt nfdf] ;do;Dd
jGb x'Fbf ;j}nfO{ u+le/ c;/ k/]sf], ljb]z hfg]x?n] leiff /2
ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] atfpF5g\ . sf7df8f} jflx/af6 dlxgfdf
!) xhf/ eGbf jl9 dflg;n] ;jf/L rfns cg'dlt kq lnFb}
cfPsf]df ;j}nfO{ sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t x'g jfWo u/fOg' dGqfosf
lhDd]jf/ clwsf/Lsf] u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sfd xf] . ;j}nfO{
sf7df8f}+ jf]nfP/ b'Mv lbg] / cfly{s ef/ j9fP/ Psd'i6 u}/
sfg"gL /sd ;+sng ug]{ lgot x'g ;Sg] pgsf] cfz+sf 5 .
s]xL lbg leq k'/fg} Aoj:yf cg';f/ nfu' geP cGrnb]vL
ljefu;Dd 3]g]{ sfd z'? u5f}{ . xfd|f] Aoj;fo @ dlxgfb]vL
() k|ltzt 7Kk 5 . k'/fg} Joj:yf cg';f/ z'? gu/] cbfntsf]
9f]sf 9s\9sfpg ;d]t jfWo x'g] cj:yf cfpF5 . dGqfno /
ljefu clwsf/Lx?n] xfdLnfO{ e'mnfO /x]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}df
rn]sfn] bjfj k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . sf7df8f}+ s]lGb|t ug'{
cfly{s rnv]nsf] sf/0f x'g ;S5 . k|wfg eG5g\ .

dlxnfnfO{ k'?if
ldngsf] /x/ s'g a]nf
Ps cWoog cg';f/, dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePsf] kfFrb]lv ;ftf}+
lbg;Dd dlxnfnfO{ k'?if ldngsf] clws OR5f x'G5 . of]
cjlwdf dlxnfnfO{ ;xjf;df a9L cfgGb cfpF5 . hd{gLsf]
o'lge{l;6L ckm a]Dau{gsf cg';Gwftfx?n] ! xhf/hgf o'jf
o'jtLdf ;j{]If0f u/]kl5 pQm lgis{ifdf k'u]sf x'g\ .
;xefuLx?nfO{ dlxnf;Fu s'g ;do of}g;DaGw /fVbf
pgLx?nfO{ a9L cfgGb cg'e"lt x'G5 eGg]af/] ;f]lwPsf] lyof]
. of}g ljz]if1x?sf cg';f/, dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePsf] kfFrb]lv
;ft lbg;Dd of}gsf] d'8 a9L x'G5 . dlxgfjf/L k"/f ePkl5
of}gsf nflu pQ]lht ug]{ xfdf{]g ;lqmo x'G5 .
cg';Gwftfx?n] To; cjlwdf o'jtLx?sf] dl:tissf]
t/+udf ;d]t lgs} cWoog u/] . To; cg';f/, dlxgfjf/Lkl5sf]
tLg lbgdf x'g] ;xjf;n] a9L /dfOnf] cg'el" t lbG5 . o:tf]
lsg x'G5, . kfFrf}+b]lv ;ftf}+ lbg;Dd uef{wf/0fsf] ;Defjgf
a9\5 . o;}n] o; cjlwdf ;Dk{ssf] tLa| OR5f hfu[t x'G5 .
Tof] ;j]{If0fdf o'jtLx?n] dlxgfjf/Lkl5sf tLg lbg k"0f{
of}gfgGbsf] rfxgf /fVg] u/]sf] atfP . pgLx?sf cg';f/, Tof]
a]nf kfOg] of}gfgGb cGo lbgsf] bfFhf]df lgs} ;'vb / cfgGbfoL
x'G5 .
cWoogdf s] klg kfOof] eg], dlxg}lkR5] tLg lbg ul/g]
;xjf;n] j}jflxs hLjgnfO{ a9L /dfOnf] agfpg] /x]5, b'j}
kf6{g/ aLr eljiodf of}gsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ b"/L klg ga9\g]
/x]5 .

c;f/ @)&)

37

;xsf/L

;xsf/Ldf las[ltsf] kxf8

n g]qk|;fb

l3ld/]

dflg;sf] pGgt cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu

;xsf/L k4lt ljsl;t ePsf] kfOG5 . d]/f] ;d:of x6fpg
c?n] klg dnfO{ d2t u5{g / c?sf] ;d:of x6fpg d}n] klg
d2t ug'{k5{ eGg] ;+:s[lt g} ;xsf/L xf] . cfly{s zf]if0fsf]
cGt ug]{, ;fdflhs pTkL8gsf] cGt ug]{, ahf/ k|0ffnLdf
/x]sf] gfkmfvf]/L ljrf}lnofx?sf] cGt ug]{ cfly{s k|f?k xf]
;xsf/L . ;xsf/L dfkm{t ;fd"lxs tl/sfn] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg,
ljt/0f k|0ffnL cjnDag ubf{ tL ;a} k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf
;a} dflg;x?sf] lg0f{odf ;xeflutf x'g] / nfe klg ;a}df
;dfg'kflts tl/sfn] ljt/0f x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf eO{ ;du|
;dfhsf]] Joj;foLs/0f x'b} ul/jL lgjf/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
k'Ug] b]lvG5 . lghL If]qn] ;d]6\g g;s]sf / /fHon] kl/rfng
ug{ g;s]sf] ;|ft] ;fwgx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] dfWodaf6
pTkfbg k|0ffnL sfof{Gjog u/L k|fKt nfesf] ljt/0fdf ;d]t
;xsf/LnfO{ kl/rfng ubf{ ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf] cfly{s
ljsf; ;Dej x'g ;S5 .
ul/j, pk]lIft, sdhf]/, cefju|:t hgtf / vf;u/L
3/af/ljlxg dflg;x?sf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs ljsf; ug]{
clek|fosf ;fy avfg C0f ;xsf/L lrtjgaf6 ;'? ePsf]
g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L cleofgn] %& jif{ kf/ ul/ ;s]sf] 5 .
;dfhdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] ;;fgf] k'FhL, >d, ;LknfO{ PsLs[t
u/L ul/aL lgjf/0fsf ;fy} cfdhgtfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0fsf nflu ;'? ePsf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] af6f] la/fPkl5
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljs[ltsf] kxf8 ag]sf] 5 . oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf
g]kfndf ;xsf/Lsf] ;+VofTds ljsf; t ePsf] 5 t/ o;nfO{
Jojl:yt ?kdf cl3 a9fpg] ljlw k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sbf
/fHo / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] lgoGq0f g} ug{ g;Sg] u/L
ljs[lt df}nfPsf] 5 . ;x/L e]udf v'n]sf s]xL ;xsf/Lx?
;Lldt JolQmn] sdfOvfg] efF8f] / 7uL ug]{ gofF / clt
;lhnf] ljlwsf ?kdf cjnDag ug{ yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . rfx]
lgIf]kdf cfsif{s Jofhb/sf] k|nf]eg b]vfO jf ;~rfnssf
lrNnf s'/faf6 nlP/ k};f hDdf u/fpg] / kl5 ;+:yfsf]
lgod eGb} tf]lsPsf] ;]jf lbg g;Sg] jf ;+:yf aGb u/L
km/f/ x'g] jf ;fx'dxfhgL k|yfnfO{ dfy v'jfpg] u/L @$
k|ltzt eGbf a9L Jofhdf shf{ nufgL u/L ;f]emf ;b:onfO{
zf]if0f ug]{ h'g k|j[lt ;xsf/Ldf b]lvPsf] 5 of] eg]sf] l;wf
7ufO{ xf] . gofF / ;lhnf] o; dfg]df xf] lbg lbg} 7Ug kNs]sf
s]xL ;xsf/LsdL{x?n] ;xsf/Ldf k};f cfsif{0f ug]{ gofF gofF
38

c;f/ @)&)

ljlw cfljisf/ ub}{ ;xsf/L

l;4fGtleq kf/] / JofVof
ljZn]if0f ug]{ clg cfkm"n] u/]sf]
sfd hfoh ePsf] l;4fGt
cg's"n ePsf] eGg] u/]sf 5g\
. pgLx?n] cem Pssbd cufl8
a9]/ of] ;xsf/Ldf l;h{gfTds
k|of]u xf] / o;df /fHon] klg
;xof]u u/] ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;df yk an k'Ug] sk6k"0f{ ts{
k]zug]{ ub{5g\ . c?nfO{ clt{ pkb]z lbbf ;xsf/Ln] Jofkfl/s
k|j[ltsf] cGt ub}{ l;f] ;d'bfonfO{ ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6
Aoj;flos/0f ug'{kb{5 eGb} lx8\g]x? cfkm\gf] ;xsf/Ldf eg]
;xsf/Lsf] sfd} Jofkf/ xf] eGb} ;b:ox?nfO{ u|fxs 7fGg] /
cfFkm"nfO{ dflns ;Dem]/ ;+:yfdf JolQmut lg0f{o nfb\g] ub}{
cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
xfn b]ze/ ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof @* xhf/eGbf a9L gf3]sf]
5 . !^ ljifox?df ljifout ;xsf/L v'n]klg pTkfbg, ;]jf,
Jofj;fo eGbf d'Vot ;xsf/Lx? ;x/L If]qdf a;]/ j}sx?nfO{
dfy ug]{u/L a}ls sf/f]jf/ dfq ul//x]sf 5}gg\ ;xsf/Lx?
Pscfk;df art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/df ult 5f8]/ c:j:y
k|ltikwf{df pq]sf] kfOG5 . s/La %) nfv ;b:ox? cfj4
;xsf/L cleofgdf &) k|ltzt ;xsf/Lx? ljQLo sf/f]jf/df
;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ eg] @ vj{ k'h
F L kl/rfng ePsf] cj:yfdf
s]xL nfv dflg;x?dfq k|ToIf?kdf ;xsf/L dfkm{t nfeflGjt
ePsf 5g\ . afFsL ;b:ox?nfO{ artstf{ / C0fL agfP/
;xsf/LsdL{ gfds zAbsf] ku/L u'yfOPsf] 5 . cem ;fdfGo
ljQLo dfkb08 ;d]t Vofn gubf{ ;xsf/Ldf hf]lvd a9\bf]
5.
/fi6as
+} n] a}ls ;+:yf vf]Ng s8fO u/];uF } ;xsf/L If]qdf
;+VofTds j[l4 X\jfQ} eof] . ;do ;fk]If sfg'g gx'bF f, /fHon]
;|f]t ;fwg ;lxt ;Ifd hgzlQmsf] ljsf; gubf{ / ;zQm
cg'udg gx'bF f ;xsf/Ldf ljs[ltn] dxf;fu/sf] ?k lnO;s]sf]
5 . ;/sf/L ;+/rgf OdfGbf/ / ;Ifd gx'bf ;xsf/LnfO{
sdfp wGbf, kfl/jfl/s / JolQmut Jofkf/ ug]{ ynf] agfpg]sf]
hdft a9\bf] 5 . ;xsf/Ldf dflkmofx?sf] ;+hfn alnof] aGb}
uPsf] 5 .
-n]vs, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkfsf l8lehg k|dv
' x'g_\

sfn;k{ of]u M

Hof]ltif zf:q

gsf/fTds / ;sf/fTds kIf

s] xf] sfn;k{ of]u <
sfnsf] cy{ d[To' xf] . zf:qdf ;k{nfO{ sfnsf] kof{osf
?kdf lnOPsf] kfOG5 . sfn;k{ of]u ;DejtM ;dosf] cfGtl/s
ult;Fu hf]l8Psf] To:tf] kl/l:ytL xf] . h;n] JolQm ljz]ifnfO{
cltg} si6 k|bfg ub{5 . clg p;sf] hLjg :jtM ;3if{;Fu
ufFl;g k'U5 . xfdLn] Jojxf/df dfGb} cfPsf gju|xxdWo]
cfsfzdf x]bf{ cf}+Nofpg g;lsg] b'O{cf]6f u|x /fx' / s]t'nfO{
5fofF u|x eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
gIf]q lj1fgsf cg';f/ /fx'sf] gIf]q e/0fL / s]t'sf] gIf]q
cZn]iff dflgb}+ cfPsf] 5 eg] gIf]qkltsf] u0fgf ubf{ e/0fLsf]
b]jtf od/fh jf sfn / cZn]iffsf] b]jtf ;k{ dflgPsf] 5 .
To;}n] gIf]qsf clwb]jtfsf gfddf /fx'nfO{ sfn / s]t'nfO{
;k{sf kdf pNn]v u/]/ /fx' / s]t'sf] ;+o'Qm gfdsf kdf
obfsbf sfn;k{ klg eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . sfn;k{of]udf hGd
lng] JolQm s'l6n, qm'/, lgw{g, bLgb'MvL / k/fGgdf lge{/ x'g]
ub{5g\ .
j}1flgs ljrf/
/fx' / s]t' b'j} u|xsf] cfsfzdf ef}lts lk08 5}g . vuf]nLo
j[Qdf h'g 7fpFdf ;"o{ / rGb|dfsf] e|d0fkysf] sfNklgs /]vfsf]
ldng x'G5 . ;"of{lb u|xx cfcfk\mgf kydf leGgleGg ultn]
e|d0f ug]{ x'gfn] k[YjLdf a;]/ cjnf]sg ug]x{ n] ;a}h;f] u|xx
Pp6} cw{jQ
[ leq b]Vg] kl/l:ylt klg ;do;dodf cfOk'Ub5 .
xfdLn] dfGb} cfPsf ;"o,{ rGb|, dun, a'w, a[x:klt, z'qm /
zlgnfO{ Pp6} lgZlrt laGb'af6 !*) l8u|L leq 5fFofUf|xsf
kdf dflgPsf b'O{ ljGb'x /fx' / s]t'sf] aLrdf ;ft} u|xx
Pslqt ePsf] b]lvg] b'ne
{ kl/l:ylt ljz]ifnfO{ g} sfn;k{of]u
eGg] ul/G5 . ;fdfGot sfn;k{of]usf] cj:yfnfO{ Hof]ltifdf
b'n{e / Aojxf/df b'Mvb dfGg] ul/G5 .
o;/L ha tkfOFsf] lrgfdf ePsf ;a} u|xx? /fx' / s]t'sf]
lardf x'G5g\ clg lgdf{0f x'G5 tkfOsf] ;'vdf u|x0f nufpg]
sfn ;k{ of]u .
b]xfosf cj:yfnfO{ dfq sfn;k{of]u dfGg' kb{5
!=;a} u|x jf s]xL u|x /fx' jf s]t'sf ;fydf /x]sf] ePdf
c+zfTds kdf /fx' / s]t'sf] aLrdf ;a} u|x k/]s} x'g'kb{5 .
@=/fx'af6 cf7f}+df zlg k/]df klg sfn;k{of]usf] kmn nfu'
x'G5 .
#=rGb|dfaf6 cf7f}+ /fx' jf s]t' k/]df klg o:t} kmn k|fKt
x'G5 .
sfn;k{ of]usf] kmnsf af/]df rrf{ ubf{, s'g} Pp6f u|x /fx'
jf s]ts
' f] 3]/f aflx/ k/] klg To;nfO{ cf+lzs sfn;k{ of]u eg]/
JofVof ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ jf:tjdf To:tf] aflx/ k/]sf]
u|xn] sfn;k{ of]usf] kmn b'Mvb agfpFgaf6 hf]ufpF5 . ctM o;
lsl;dsf] of]u agfP/ aflx/ k/]sf] u|xnfO{ kfZrfTo Hof]ltifLx

n Hof]ltif

s[i0fk|;fb sf]O/fnf

pkrf/s jf arfpg] u|x eGg] ub{5g\ .

/fx' / s]t'sf] ult ;b}j pN6f] b]lvg] x'gfn] nUgdf /fx'
ePsf] cj:yfdf ;ftf}+df s]t' x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf cGo ;j}u|x
!@, !!, !),( / * cf}+ 3/df x'g] kl/l:yltnfO{ jf:tljs sfn;k{
of]u elgG5 . /fx'sf] af6f]df ;j}u|x /xg] x'gfn] oxL l:yltnfO{g}
d'vfut jf u|:t sfn;k{of]u klg eGg] ul/G5 .
sfn;k{ of]usf] k|efj
d'VotM hGds'08nLdf oL b'j} 5fFof u|xsf] pkl:yltsf cfwf/df
dflg;sf] cfGtl/s :jefj yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . h;cg';f/
p;n] cfk\mgf] hLjgnfO{ ultdfg t'Nofpg ;Sb5 . oL b'j}
u|xsf] :ki6 JofVofaf6 JolQmn] hLjgdf eljiodf cfOkg]{
sl7gfOsf] k"jf{gd
' fg u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg ;Sb5 . t/ oL
b'j} 5fFof u|xsf sf/0f hLjgdf h]h:tf clgi6sf/L 36gf x'g]
ub{5g\ . ltgn] AolQmnfO{ cfWofTdtkm{ cu|;/ agfpF5g\ .
sfn;k{of]usf] gsf/fTds k|efj
:jf:Yodf ljleGg ;d:of, ckful:ylt -zf/Ll/s ?kdf
_,;':tdgl:ylt, ;Gtlt ;DaGwL ;d:of -kfFrf} /fx'n] ;Gtfg
;'vaf6 jl~rt _, kltkTgL ljjfb, kmnk|fKtLdf cj/f]w, afxf}+
/fx'n] C0f, k|jf; / lrGtf . cf7f}+ /fx'n] /f]u, b'3{6gf, k|jf; jf
aGwg, gjf}+ /fx'n] s/f]8kltaf6 sufn klg agfpF5, bzf}+ /fx'n]
zf;saf6 h]naGwg lbnfpF5, nUgsf] /fx'n] /f]uL agfpF5, rf}yf]
/fx'n] z/L/sf] dWoefudf cj/f]w u/fpF5 / ;ftf}+ /fx'n] ljwjf
jf ljw'/df kfl/jfl/s ljv08g u/fpF5 .
sfn;k{of]usf] bf]if gnfUg] cj:yf
klt jf kTgL Ho]i7f, d"n / cZn]iff gIf]qdf hGd]sf] cj:yfdf,
s'08nLdf /flz kl/jt{g of]u ePdf - j[Zlrs nUgsf] 6 / 8 df
afx]s cGo cj:yfdf _, ;j}u|x ;Ktd:yfgb]lv k|yd:yfg;Dd
/xL z' e kmnbfos 5qof] u , gf} s f of] u agfPdf, ;j} u | x
rt'y:{ yfgb]lv bzd:yfg;Dd /xL z'ekmnbfos s'6of]u agfPdf,
;j}ux| bzd:yfgb]lv rt'y:{ yfg;Dd /xL z'ekmnbfos ;k{of]u
agfPdf, /fx' #, ^, !), !! /flzdf ePdf klg sfn;k{of]usf]
bf]if nfUb}g . a? To:tf] bf]if/lxt /fx'sf] l:yltaf6 ljz]if z'ekmn
ldNg hfG5 .
sfn;k{ of]u k/]sf rlrt{ JolQmTjx
uf}td a'4, dxfTdf ufGwL, c6nlaxf/L afhk]oL, ef/tLo
l;g] snfsf/ zq'3g l;Gxf, -cf+lzs k[i7f]bo_, k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfx, /fhf k|tfk dNn, rGb| zD;]/, 8f=zs/bofn zdf{, kL jL
g/l;+x /fj-cf+lzs d'vf]bo_, cd]/LsL e"k" /fi6klt ca|fxd ln\sg,
ljVoft ljZj;'Gb/L nf/f bQf-k"0f{ d'vf]bo_, hjfx/nfn g]x,
cgLn sk'/ - k"0f{ k[i7f]bo _,
nf]6; Hof]ltif k/fd;{ s]Gb|

c;f/ @)&)

39

t:jL/ M cy{la6

===/ of] klg

pd]/ *!, ds} kf]Ng' 5 ;8sdf al; M

l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf *! jifL{o ?b|axfb'/ If]qL >LdtL, Ps 5f]/f, Ps5f]/L ;lxt @) jif{cl3 w/fg k;]sf x'g\ .
?b|axfb'/n] 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] lajfx ul/lbPsf] bzs ljlt ;Sof] . pgL eG5g\ ljjfxkl5 5f]/fa'xf/L 5'l6P/ uP xfdL b'O
a'9fa'l9 dfq b'Mv ;'v jfF8]/ 8]/fdf a:b} lyof}+ . t/ deGbf w]/} sfG5L ePklg p;nfO{ cuf8L g} b}jn] r'Fl8 nUof] / dnfO{
;xf/f ljlxg agfO lbof] .
( jif{b]vL 8]/fdf PSn} a:b}cfPsf ?b|axfb'/ kfgL aQL ;lxt dfl;s !% ;o ?k}ofF 8]/fef8f ltg{ / ljxfg a]n'sfsf]
5fs6fg{ w/fg ahf/df ds} kf]n]/ hLjg wfgL /x]sf] atfpF5g\ . b}lgs $)%) 3f]uf ds} kf]n]/ a]Rb} cfPsf pgn] ! ;o
?k}ofF;Dd sdfO x'g] hfgsf/L lbP . pgL 6G6nfk'/ 3fd nfu]sf] a]nf #% l8u|LeGbf jl9 tfkqmddf klg ;8s lsgf/sf] v'Nnf
cfsfzd'lg sf]Onfdf afF;sf] k+vfn] xlDsFb} ds} kf]n]/ a]Rb} x'G5g\ . pgL eG5g\ kfkL k]6s} nflu b'Mv ug'{ k/]sf] 5, k]6n]
gdfu] of] pd]/df 8]/fd} ;'t/] latfpFy] . la/fdL eOof] eg] gt cf}ifwL ug]{ vr{ x'G5 g t k]6 eg]{ g}, v} of] b'MvL hLjgsf]
tfFbf] slxn];Dd /xg] xf] .
40

c;f/ @)&)