MEMS Based Multi Feature Next Generation Auto Theft Prevention System

Presented By G.Aruna Student-M.E

Ganadipathy Tulsis Jain Engineering College E.mail arunaece21@gmail.com
Abstract - As vehicles become more sophisticated, vehicle security systems must be stronger than ever before. A modern vehicle utilizes remote keyless entry system and Immobilizer system as the main weaponry against vehicle theft. This project proposed a next generation auto theft prevention system by adding significant enhancements such as Smart Gravitational Lock The system is armed automatically when the driver moves away from the vehicle and disarmed only when a specific gesture is made using wireless keyfob, Cryptographic Keyless Entry keyfob transmits a unique encrypted code and RC4 Stream Cipher Cryptographic algorithm ensures the safety of the data transmitted. Touchscreen Ignition a unique touch gesture is made for vehicle ignition process in such case The system verifies this gesture and then accepts the actual keyfob. Adjustable Motion Alarm Sensitivity The vehicle unit constantly monitors the vehicle motion after being armed. Ubiquitous Vehicle Tracking GPS and GSM technologies enable the vehicle owners to track and monitor the vehicle with cellphone at anytime from anywhere. GPS Fencing This feature restricts the vehicle movement within a particular area. Remote Fuel Cut-off If the vehicle is somehow hacked and taken, by sending a message it will slowly cut-off the fuel supply, thereby disabling the vehicle.

Guided By
Dr.S.Arumugam, M.E, Ph.D Head of the Department(EEE) Ganadipathy Tulsis Jain Engineering College

Index Term- Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) I.INTRODUCTION Some of the major problems with the existing auto theft prevention system are a) It offers no protection when the keyfob is stolen. So a smart keyfob sold in the market is not actually smart. b) Vehicle tracking devices will not be able to locate a vehicle in GPS denied environments such as within buildings, underground and dense city regions, resulting in the loss of vehicle. c) The currently used motion and tilt alarms will alert the owner even for an unintentional touch by a passing person or an accidental hit by a ball from a playing child. d) Limited or to be accurate no central user interface to configure and customize the vehicle security system. Proposed design is reliable and has the function of accurate tracking. When large object or vehicles were spread out over ground, the owner corporations often found it difficult to keep track of what was happening. They required some type of system to determine where each object was at any given time and for how long it travelled. The safety of private and public vehicles is a major concern nowadays so

having GPS vehicle tracking system ensures their safety while travelling. This vehicle tracking system can be found in consumers vehicles as a theft prevention device. Police can follow the signal emitted by the tracking system to locate a stolen vehicle. The basic navigation loop implemented in a typical land vehicle is based on dead reckoning sensors, which predict the vehicles high frequency maneuvers, and low frequency absolute sensors which bound the positioning errors associated with the high frequency sensors. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) can provide 3-D position and velocity information, it consists of three accelerometers. The IMU measures the acceleration and the rotation rate of the vehicle in all three dimensions at a high sampling rate, typically at frequencies higher than 100 Hz. From this information, attitude, velocity and hence position of the vehicle can be derived. The use of GSM and GPS technologies allows the system to track object and provides the most up-to-date information about ongoing trips. If a password like SMS is sent by the owner, it automatically stops the vehicle or we can use it for different other work, it can provide real time control. Different gestures are recognized i.e., seven hand gestures up, down, left, right, tick, circle, and cross, based on the input signals from MEMS 3-axes accelerometers. The 3-D gesture is made by vehicle owner with handheld wireless key fob in mid-air and it is reprogrammed by the user on fly. MEMS 3-axes accelerometers senses the gravitational force exerted upon it. If gesture made is valid the key fob transmits unique encrypted code that changes every time whenever the gesture is made. Gesture made on touch screen display used as a software key for vehicle ignition process and it is specific only to the vehicle owner. This feature can be temporarily disabled and enabled via SMS sent by the owner. This is useful in situations such as when someone (like a mechanic) other than the owner wants to handle the vehicle and the owner does not want the other person to know the secret onscreen password. The Cryptographic algorithm ensures the safety of the data transmitted. The key fob communicates with automotive vehicle unit using IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networking protocol. This prevents thieves from detecting the static codes which were used in older keyless entry systems. II. BLOCK DIAGRAM A. SMART KEY FOB UNIT A smart key is an electronic access and authorization system which is available as an option or

standard in car. When driver leaving a vehicle equipped with a smart key system, the vehicle is automatically locked and unlocked by pressing a button along with doing a specific gesture. Gesture can also be programmed and stored in a key fob with the help of EEPROM memory. The 3D gesture is recognized by 3-axis MEMS accelerometer and transmitted safely from key fob unit to vehicle unit through IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver. Fig 1 shows the block diagram of smart key fob unit. B. VEHICLE UNIT The 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller acts as the brain of the system. A unique touch gesture is made on the Color Touch screen display that acts as the software key. The system verifies this and then accepts the hardware key which is the actual key fob normally used. This feature can be temporarily disabled and enabled via SMS sent by the owner. A serial EEPROM memory is used to store the password. The

touch screen controller is used in order to control the operation of touch screen display. The GSM modem used to send messages to the mobile of the owner. The GPS receiver is used to detect the location where the vehicle is moving in and give location values in the form of latitude and longitude. The vehicle unit constantly monitors the vehicle motion after being armed. The integrated motion sensing subsystem MEMS accelerometer measures the vehicles three dimensional position and detects any unauthorized motion if the vehicles is moved or tilted that exceeds a threshold level. The sensitivity of this function can be adjusted on the touch screen display GUI to effectively avoid any false warnings that are common with existing vehicle security systems. When someone tries to break into the vehicle forcibly, the alarm triggers the siren and head lamps and sends an SMS to the owner. Fig.2 shows the block diagram of vehicle unit.

IEEE 802.15.4 SPI-1 TRANSCEIVER ARM CORTX M3 I2C

EEPROM

PUSH BUTTON

GPIO

I2C

MEMS ACCELEROMETER

Fig.1. Smart key fob unit

GPS RECEIVER

UART-1 DC MOTOR MEMS MAGNETOMETER PWM GPIO COLOR TFT DISPLAY TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLER

SPI-2 I2C I2C ARM CORTX M3 I2C PWM

MEMS ACCELEROMETER

SERVO MOTOR

IEEE 802.15.4 TRANSCEIVER BUZZER

SPI-1

GPIO

HEAD LIGHT LAMP GSM CELLULAR MODEM

GPIO

UART-2

Fig. 2. Vehicle unit

The ability to inform the vehicle position even during a GPS outage using dead reckoning method is achieved with the help of Inertial Navigation Sensors that consists of a 3-axis MEMS Magnetometer and a 3axis MEMS Accelerometer which will act as a tilt compensated compass module. The message send by vehicle owner will slowly cut-off the fuel supply, thereby disabling the vehicle. A Servo Motor controlled valve is used to cut the fuel supply. III. GESTURE MOTION ANALYSIS Gesture motions are in the vertical plane (as defined by the x-z plane in Fig. 3(a)) or the projection of the motions is mainly in the vertical plane, so the accelerations on x- and z- axes are adequate to distinguish each gesture. Therefore, the acceleration on y-axis is neglected to reduce computational requirement. We propose that the exact shape of the acceleration curves is not critical, but only the alternate sign changes of acceleration on the two axes are required to uniquely differentiate any one of the 7 gestures :up, down, left, right, tick, circle, and cross. This is the basis of the recognition algorithms discussed in this paper. For instance, the gesture up has the acceleration on z-axis in the order: negative positive negative (positive z direction points downward) and nearly has no acceleration on x-axis; for a circle gesture, on x axis: positive-negative-positive and on z-axis: negative-positive-negative-positive. As shown in Fig. 3(b), an up gesture is actual consist of motion from point 1 to point 2, and then back to point 1. The velocity at the starting point 1, midpoint 2 and end point 1 are all zeros. For the convenience of analysis, point 3 is the point between point 1 and point 2 where acceleration changes sign, and point 4 is the point between point 2 and point 1 where acceleration changes sign. Then the acceleration changes can be described as: 1--3: acceleration on z-axis is negative (since positive z direction is downward); velocity changes from zero to a maximum value at 3; acceleration at point 3 is zero. 3-- 4: acceleration on z-axis is positive; velocity changes from negative to positive and is maximum at point 4, where acceleration becomes zero. 4-- 1: acceleration on z-axis is negative; velocity changes from positive to zero. Also, acceleration and velocity be-come zero at point 1. The analysis above is illustrated by Fig. 3(c). IV. GESTURE RECOGNITION BASED ON VELOCITY INCREMENT The essence of this approach is to utilize a different feature which is the velocity increment or the area bounded by the acceleration curve and x-axis, to implement classification. The acceleration of a gesture on one axis is partitioned firstly according to the signs. As Fig. 3shows, the acceleration pattern can be represented by areas in alternate signs. The physical

meaning of these areas is the increase or decrease in velocity. Since the sign sequence may over reduce the information while the velocity increment or area sequence contains more information for discrimination, this approach is supposed to be a better method to deal with complex gestures. Due to the intensity variance of each gesture, an area sequence should be normalized before stored as training data or compared with templates. Normalization is implemented using

Fig. 3. Gesture up motion analysis. (a) Coordinate system. (b) Gesture up motion decomposition. (c) Predicted velocity and acceleration in the z-axis of the Gesture up.

Fig. 4. Motions of seven gestures. Since the comparison algorithm compares each pair of numbers separately, it is possible that misalignment happens due to noise. Hence, after normalization, the area sequences are not compared immediately but are processed by using an algorithm analogous to center of mass, which is implemented by imagining the curve has mass and obtaining its

coordinates of center of mass through calculation. Then, the two curves are aligned so that their centers of masses coincide. This algorithm is expected to reduce the possibility of misalignment.

Fig. 5. Area sequence generation. (a) Acceleration partition and (b) area sequence generated from (a). V. GPS AND GSM BASED VEHICLE TRACKIING The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation System (GNSS). The GPS uses a constellation of between 24 and 32 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals that enable GPS receivers to determine their location, speed, direction, and time. A GPS receiver receives the signals from at least three satellites to calculate distance and uses a triangulation technique to compute its two dimension (latitude and longitude) position. Therefore GPS is a key technology for giving device its position. A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.GSM (Global system for mobile) uses a process called circuit switching. This method of communication allows a path to be established between two devices. Once the two devices are connected, a constant stream of digital data is relayed. In this Paper it is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). In this Device ARM cortex-m3 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an ARM cortex-m3

microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out and sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude. Alternatively any unauthorized vehicle movement or any deviation from a predefined "Geofence" boundary can also trigger suitable measures as seen fit by the central control system. Email/ SMS alerts can be sent immediately to the customer. For example, if the owner wants the car to move only within a particular city, once it moves out of city borders the owner would immediately receive an SMS alert as to the current location of the vehicle. The interesting feature here is the fence radius can be programmed by the user in the touch screen display. This flexibility allows the user to set a virtual fence that can be at building level, street level, city level or state level. The integrated motion sensing subsystem measures the vehicles three dimensional position and detects any unauthorized motion if the vehicles is moved or tilted that exceeds a threshold level. The sensitivity of this function can be adjusted on the touch screen display GUI to effectively avoid any false warnings that are common with existing vehicle security systems. When someone tries to break into the vehicle forcibly, the alarm triggers the siren and head lamps and sends an SMS to the owner. VI. INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM (INS) The navigation systems for land vehicle navigation are solely based on the usage of the GPS receiver to estimate the vehicles absolute location and digital maps to display the locations to the users. In addition to providing accurate vehicle location, these systems also offer a variety of route calculation and search algorithms for well-organized trip planning. GPS receivers can only estimate positions when there is a direct line of sight to four or more satellites. An obvious problem with any available system is the loss of satellite signals if the vehicle enters an urban canyon, forest canopy, or a tunnel. In this situation, the system ceases to work as there is no positioning information available to display. As a result, the integration of GPS with inertial navigation systems (INSs) are used to bridge the GPS signal gaps. VII. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION Hardware framework for tracking system contains high Performance ARM controller (ARM cortex-m3), GPS, GSM modem, 3 Axis MEMS Accelerometer, color touch screen display and servo

motor and overall system reside into a vehicle. A tracking system will provide effective real time vehicle location reporting. Tracking system will inform where your vehicle is and where it has been, how longer it has been there. The basic function of in vehicle unit is to acquire, Monitor and transmit the position latitude, longitude, time to management center either at fixed interval or on demand. Microcontroller unit form the heart of tracking unit, which acquires and process the position data from the GPS module. The GPS receiver of vehicle terminal receives and resolves the navigation message broadcasted by GPS position satellites, computes the longitude and latitude of vehicle coordinates, transforms it into the GSM message form by GSM communication controller, and sends the message to monitoring center via the GSM network. The 3-D gesture is recognized with the help of 3 Axis MEMS Accelerometer. Hardware for smart key fob unit contains 3 Axis MEMS Accelerometer, push button, EEPROM and IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver which is in the hand of vehicle owner. The photography of the developed prototype model is shown Figure 4. In this prototype model the remote fuel cut-off feature is implemented to stop the vehicle in case of auto theft by sending a message (fuel close) to vehicle unit. The message will automatically cut the fuel supply and disable the vehicle by making the servo controlled fuel valve to close position. Again the message (fuel open) is send to enable the fuel supply by making the servo motor to open position.

FEATURE WORK In future the video camera to be used in such a way to capture and authorize the vehicle owner by checking his/her image and also to record the actions done after vehicle being locked. REFERENCES [1] Kunal Maurya, Mandeep Singh, Neelu Jain, Real Time Vehicle Tracking System using GSM and GPS Technology- An Anti-theft Tracking System, ISSN2277-1956. [2] Abid khan, Ravi Mishra, GPS GSM Based Tracking System, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume3Issue2- 2012. [3] Baburao Kodavati, V.K.Raju, S.Srinivasa Rao, A.V.Prabu, T.Appa Rao, Dr.Y.V.Narayana, GSM And GPS Based Vehicle Location And Tracking System, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp.616-625,. [4] Ruize Xu, Shengli Zhou, and Wen J. Li, MEMS Accelerometer Based Nonspecific-User .Hand Gesture Recognition, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2012. [5] J. A. Farrell, Aided Navigation: GPS with High Rate Sensors, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008. [6] M. S. Grewal, L. R. Weill, and A. P. Andrews, Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration, 2nd ed., New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience, 2007. [7] I. Skog and P. Handel, In-car positioning and navigation - a survey, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 4-21, March 2009. [8] U. Iqbal, A. F. Okou, and A. Noureldin, An integrated reduced inertial sensor system - RISS/GPS for land vehicle, in Proc. of IEEE/ION PLANS 2008, Monterey, California, USA, May 2008, pp.912-922. [8] J. Georgy, U. Iqbal, M. Bayoumi, and A. Noureldin, Reduced inertial sensor system (RISS)/GPS integration using particle filtering for land vehicles, in Proc. of ION GNSS 2008, Savannah,Georgia, USA, September 2008, pp. 30-37. [9] S. Zhou, Z. Dong, W. J. Li, and C. P. Kwong, Hand-written char-acter recognition using MEMSmotion sensing technology, inProc. IEEE/ASME Int. Conf. Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2008, pp.14181423. [10] J. K. Oh, S. J. Cho, and W. C. Banget al., Inertial sensor based recog-nition of 3-D character gestures with an ensemble of classifiers, pre-sented at the 9th Int. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2004.

Fig.6 Hardware implementation for vehicle tracking VIII. CONCLUSION The proposed anti theft system which can be used to track a vehicle fitted with the proposed device in it. It can also be used in wildlife tracking, asset tracking and in stolen vehicle recovery. Tracking system is becoming increasingly important in large cities and it is more secured than other systems. It is completely integrated so that once it is implemented in all vehicles, then it is possible to track anytime from anywhere. It has real-time capability, emerges in order to strengthen the relations among people, vehicle and road by putting modern information technologies together and able to forms a real-time accurate, effective comprehensive transportation system. The vehicle can be turned off by only with a simple SMS.