CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background Spectrometer is an instrument used to determine, find out, and identify sepektrum light as a result of the distribution pattern of wave diffraction effects. Diffraction pattern of the spread of the wave is due to the narrow gap in the medium obstacle the wave propagates. The smaller the obstacle, the greater the spread of the wave. This could be explained by the Huygens principle. In the animation in the picture below looks a pattern of dark and light, it is because the new wavelet-wavelet formed in the narrow slit interfere with each other mutually. Spectrum lines form a row of color light with different wavelengths. By knowing the relationship between the wavelength, the order of diffraction, and the diffraction angle, it can be seen the width of a narrow slit through which the light spectrum is concerned. For the hydrogen gas that is the simplest atom, the wavelength of this series turns out to have certain patterns that can be expressed in the form of mathematical equations proposed by Balmer. Spread of light waves caused by a narrow gap is a lot happening in everyday life. Research about it-also has much to contribute to the development of optoelectronic which is a branch of science of physics. Thus considered that experiments on grating spectrometer is necessary and important in order to know the basic concepts of physics is a branch of science.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. 2.

How the spectral lines of light due to diffraction events? How to determine the wavelength of the light spectrum produced diffraction grating?

1.3 Purpose
1. 2.

Studying the spectral lines of light due to diffraction events Determines the wavelength of the light spectrum produced diffraction grating

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BASIS

Diffraction is the bending of light around a barrier such as a gap that led to the distribution pattern after passing through the slit. Diffraction is divided into two Fresnel Diffraction and Diffraction Franhoufer. Diffraction Fresnel diffraction which is a type of light source and / or screen located at a certain distance from the slit diffraction. Theoretical review of Fresnel diffraction is very complex. While Franhoufer Diffraction is a type of diffraction where the light source and the screen is at an infinite distance from the slit diffraction (the diffracting aperture). Fraunhofer diffraction is a special case of the Fresnel diffraction and far more easily analyzed theoretically. (Bueche, 2007: 261)

Picture. Difraction Pattern

Fresnel diffraction pattern of the wave is at the point (x, y, z) by the equation:

While the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of waves that occur in distance according to the Fresnel diffraction integral equation as follows:

The above equation shows that the Fresnel diffraction pattern of the wave the scalar be planar due to the Fraunhofer diffraction field away

observations from the field of obstacles.

Picture. Grating Spectrometer

Spectrometer is an instrument to measure the spectrum. In some branches of astronomy and chemistry, the spectrometer is an optical instrument for producing spectral lines and measuring their wavelengths and intensity. Diffraction pattern used to determine the spectrometer with the working principles of identifying

each color spectrum of light waves which is then connected to the diffraction angle. The measurement wavelength of can be done using a diffraction grating

spectrometer is placed on the table. When light passes through the grating, diffraction events occur:

d sin

=n

atau

whereas : d = distances between the slit (m) n = order spectrum (= 1, 2, 3) = wavelength

CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

3.1 Tools and Materials The tools used in this experiment are:
1. Spectrometer 2. Small lamp 3. Power Supply 4. Grating 80 line/mm

3.2 Stepwork a. Optical spectrometer settings 1. Install a lamp, and faced to the spectrometer collimator 2. Turn on the lamp with power supply, straightened spectrometer between collimator and binoculars with no lattice so that incoming light beam and place it into the existing horizontal vertical lines in binoculars. Note how the angle shown on the scale (n0) 3. Fit a lattice 80 lines / mm, turn the telescope to the right-hand. Find bright ribbon first (n1), note the angle. 4. Create a data table

b. Data Collection
1. Done first determination of the distance between the slit (d) The

diffraction grating is used.

2. Grating placed such in the telescope and the collimator and key.

Carried observation through a telescope, if the file is too light line down or up, set the table spectrometer.
3. Starting with a rotating telescope very slowly to the right and observe

the spectrum / color lines appear. Should be seen a series of stripes of colors ranging from violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Rows of color is seen over and over if the telescope continues to play

to the right. The series first color stripes that look is called the order of 1 (n = 1).
4. The telescope is returned to its normal position. The next turning to the

right telescope to observe the line slowly first color (purple) on the order of 1 (n = 1). Sign pinned thread on the telescope with a vertical purple line and read the scale designation spectrometer as .
5. Telescope is rotated to the left to watch the first color line (purple) on

the order of 1 (n = 1).

6. 3rd and 4th activities repeated for the next color stripes in the same

order.

3.3 Methods of Data Processing Method of data processing was conducted on the data processing are qualitatively and quantitatively. Where the variables are observed include: 1. Order (n) is a sequence of color stripes are visible (eg order 1 or n = 1, n = 2, n = 3, and so on). The color lines express the distribution of each color spectrum. 2. angles (o) is shown on a scale reading spectrometer that if the telescope rotated of the scale readings as (o) and vice versa. 3. And the distance between the gap (d) is the distance between the slit diffraction grating.

Where each variable is classified into: Manipulated variable Response variables Control variables : order (n) : angle (o) : distance between the slit (d)

Thus, the equation: d sin =n atau

CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

4.1

Observations and Data Analysis Based on the data obtained from the lab, it will be counted a magnitude

associated with the experiment. Then obtained the following results :

The distance between the slit diffraction grating (d) =

mm = 0, 0125 mm

To calculate the wavelength range of the color spectrum for orders of use a particular equation that described the basic theory, namely:

Whereas : d = 0,0125 mm = angle average (o) n = order to 1, 2, ...

Wavelength calculation results table

Grating 80 line/mm Calibration (orange) Green Purple Reddish Yellow 75,25o 70,13o 60,25o 70,13o 0,012 mm 0,012 mm 0,011 mm 0,01 mm

4.2 Discussion From this study, the correspondence between wavelength and diffraction angle is formed. Ie the larger the diffraction angle, the greater the observed wavelength. Where these observations can be detected from the spectrum of the color line that formed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book : Bueche, Frederick J. 2006. Fisika Universitas, Edisi Kesepuluh. Jakarta: Erlangga

Gribbin, John. 2003. Essential Science: Fisika Optoelektronik. Jakarta: Erlangga

Bahrudin. 2006. Kamus Pintar Fisika. Bandung: Epsilon Group

Zemansky, Sears. 1999. Fisika Untuk Universitas 2. Jakarta: Bina Cipta

Becchi, Carlo Maria. 2007. Introduction To The Basic Concept Of Physics. Newyork: Spinger

ATTACHMENT
a. Orange d sin =n

= = 0,012 mm

b. Green d sin =n

= = 0,0117 mm 0,012 mm

c. Purple d sin =n

= = 0,0107 mm 0,011 mm

d. Reddish Yellow d sin =n

= = 0,0117 mm 0,01 mm