Math 1A Worksheet 6 Solutions

1. Find dy/dx by implicit dierentiation: a) 1 + x = sin(xy 2 ) d d (1 + x) = (sin(xy 2 )) dx dx d d d (1) + (x) = cos(xy 2 ) (xy 2 ) dx dx dx d d 0 + 1 = cos(xy 2 )(x (y 2 ) + y 2 (x)) dx dx dy + y2) 1 = cos(xy 2 )(2xy dx 1 dy = 2xy + y2 2 cos(xy ) dx dy sec(xy 2 ) y 2 = 2xy dx sec(xy 2 ) y 2 dy = dx 2xy b) xy = 1 + x2 y d d ( xy ) = (1 + x2 y ) dx dx 1 d d d (xy ) = (1) + (x2 y ) 2 xy dx dx dx d d d d 1 (x (y ) + y (x)) = 0 + x2 (y ) + y (x2 ) 2 xy dx dx dx dx dy dy 1 + 2xy (x + y ) = x2 2 xy dx dx dy dy x + y = 2x2 xy + 4xy xy dx dx dy dy x 2x2 xy = 4xy xy y dx dx dy (x 2x2 xy ) = 4xy xy y dx 4xy xy y dy = dx x 2x2 xy

(Chain Rule) (Product Rule)

(Chain Rule) (Product Rule)

(Multiply by 2 xy )

c) x2 y 2 + x sin(y ) = 4 d 2 2 d (x y + x sin(y )) = (4) dx dx d 2 2 d (x y ) + (x sin(y )) = 0 dx dx d d d d x2 (y 2 ) + y 2 (x2 ) + x (sin(y )) + sin(y ) (x) = 0 dx dx dx dx dy dy 2x2 y + 2xy 2 + x cos(y ) + sin(y ) = 0 dx dx dy dy + x cos(y ) = 2xy 2 sin(y ) 2x2 y dx dx dy (2x2 y + x cos(y )) = 2xy 2 sin(y ) dx dy 2xy 2 sin(y ) = 2 dx 2x y + x cos(y ) 2. Dierentiate ln(ln(ln(ln(x)))). Since d 1 (ln(x)) = , then by the chain rule: dx x 1 d d (ln(ln(ln(ln(x))))) = (ln(ln(ln(x)))) dx ln(ln(ln(x))) dx 1 1 d = (ln(ln(x))) ln(ln(ln(x))) ln(ln(x)) dx 1 1 1 d (ln(x)) = ln(ln(ln(x))) ln(ln(x)) ln(x) dx 1 1 1 1 = ln(ln(ln(x))) ln(ln(x)) ln(x) x

(Product Rule)

3. Use logarithmic dierentiation to nd the derivative: a) y = xx Taking ln of both sides and using implicit dierentiation, we get: ln(y ) = ln(xx ) ln(y ) = x ln(x) d d (ln(y )) = (x ln(x)) dx dx 1 dy d d = x (ln(x)) + ln(x) (x) y dx dx dx dy x = y ( + ln(x)) dx x dy x = x (1 + ln(x)) dx 2

(Product & Chain Rules)

(Substitute in y = xx )

b) y = xsin(x) Taking ln of both sides and using implicit dierentiation, we get: ln(y ) = ln(xsin(x) ) ln(y ) = sin(x) ln(x) d d (ln(y )) = (sin(x) ln(x)) dx dx 1 dy d d = sin(x) (ln(x)) + ln(x) (sin(x)) y dx dx dx dy sin(x) =y + ln(x) cos(x) dx x sin(x) dy = xsin(x) + ln(x) cos(x) dx x 4. Find a formula for the n-th derivative of y = xex . On taking the rst few derivatives, we nd that: y = ex xex y = 2ex + xex y = 3ex xex y (4) = 4ex + xex From this, one can see that the formula for the n-th derivative is: y (n) = (1)n+1 (nex xex ) 5. Use implicit dierentiation to nd d2 y/dx2 if x2 + y 2 = 1. First, we nd dy/dx: d 2 d (x + y 2 ) = (1) dx dx d 2 d (x ) + (y 2 ) = 0 dx dx dy 2x + 2y =0 dx dy x = dx y

(Product & Chain Rules)

(Substitute in y = xsin(x) )

Next, we nd d2 y/dx2 : d2 y x d = 2 dx dx y y (d/dx)(x) (x)(d/dx)(y ) = y2 y + x(dy/dx) = y2 y + x(x/y ) = y2 2 y + x2 = y3

(Quotient Rule)

(Substitute in dy/dx = x/y )