Final Exam Review 1. Positive Psychology = studying one individual in depth and trying to make their life better.

OUR DEFINITION OF PSYCH. 2. 8 Forces = 3. Alphabet = 4. Allport & Cattell = 2 major trait theorist; Allport used factor analysis; Cattel invented 16 personality traits, but actually covers 32 traits 5. Factor Analysis = statistical reduction technique reduces things with a lot of parts to simple ideas 6. APA 1 & APA 2 & Careers = APA 1 APA 2 has to go through medical school 7. Nature and Nurture = 8. Human Genome Project plus Epi-genome theory = completed in 2002 and trying to figure out what all of your genes do and joined forces and made a media conference and said 99.9% of the genome project they understood Epigenome project is on going. 9. Neo-Freudians = studied freud and believed in his ideas. 10. Research Methods = - correlation study - more opportunity for bias - experiment - strongest research method - national observation - field work - lab. observation - meta analysis - library research - case study - psychological test data - information when people take psychological test - surveys - online and off campus - longitudinal - long study over years (more valid) - cross sectional - quick and fast 11. Theories of Emotion = James/Lang, Cannon/Bard, Shacktor/Singer, LeDoux/ Kagan No women in theories of emotion 12. Theories of Motivation = 1. Need/Drive to return to homeostasis 2. Triangle of motivation - 5,7,or 8 levels. Maslow, Rogers. They founded force 3 humanism, use triangle as a remembering point and Rogers said be the best you can be. 3. McClennan = invented little n and capital n; need for actualization/ achievement and to graduate 13. Motivation & Emotion = 14. E + I + M = nAch = - Emotion + Intelligence + Motivation = Achievement 15. Yerkes-Dodson & Rescorla-Wagner

- Yerkes-Dodson = - Rescorla-Wagner = surprise is motivating, Birthday presents ---> motivation TQ: Yerkes-Dodson & Rescorla-Wagner can compromise each other? TRUE Modern is heuristic 16. Marvin Zuckerman = - What alphabet letter did zuckerman study? A/L, A/L + A 17. Daniel Goleman = - EI = Emotional Intelligence - Did he popularize emotional Intelligence? YES - Think before you act 18. Child Prodigies = - Child prodigies - child genius - What motivates these children? ---> Intelligence (study, facts, books) - Mastery of knowledge? YES 19. Limbic System: emotions = - 2 systems that trigger emotion 1. hypo thalamus 2. agymudula 20. Limbic System: facts and information (non-emotional) 1. Thalamus 2. Hippo Campus - Which is faster? Emotions or facts or information ---> emotions 81. Continuum of stress = everyone has stress Di - Stress - Diathesis - NLS - Euthesis - Eustress (neg. genetic (best gentic stress) stress) - 2 ends & middle (3 parts - cant change middle but can change ends) MIDDLE - NLS = normal life stress ---> middle of continuum - Allostasis (still with NLS in middle) = both di-stress & eustress at the same time ---> functions in both directions, how you manage high stress. NEG. END - Di-Stress (distress) - helps you with draw from class, not take final & with draw from class. - Between NLS & distress = Diathesis (negative general stress) POS. END - Eustress (positive) - can eustress help you graduate? YES - Between eustress & NLS = euthesis (best thing about your g.parents & parents ---> passed on to you. 82. Levels of Stress (8 stages/levels) = 1. Survival Stress (highest stress) - injured and almost dead but still alive ---> not enough strength to call 911 (still conscious) ---> specific ask for help. 2. Rescue Stress - paramedic & firemen

3. Observer Stress (direct & indirect) - someone threw up and then you threw up and youre not even sick ---> direct (actually there) & indirect (not there). 4. ER/Hospital Stress - paramedic take victims to ER & ER people have to decide who to admit; stress of patients to want to go home. (You have 3 members in the hospital & you have to move each 1 into a room & you have to choose who to put in a room first) 5. Immediate Family Stress - mom/dad/wives/husbands 6. Extended Family Stress - uncle/aunt/mother in law 7. Friends Stress 8. PYDNK - people you dont know (curiosity to look into others hospital rooms) 83. First stress model = based on animal stress (force 2) --> analogue studies Hans - tortured animals to get first stress model - tortured to point of death (lab mice) and tried to track their stress response. - 3 parts/ things done significantly: 1. Went into shock/ alarm ---> kept on torturing them 2. Animals started to resist the stress (resistance stress = management) 3. Could not resist forever (b/c not normal) - high level response (at a much higher level then normal) so mice become exhausted and continue to climb towards stress. 84. Force 4 model of stress = Cognitive force (force 4) - use intel to think out of stress When hi stress appears, we first think how hi/intense it is. Can I handle it? or not? ---> need help, go to counseling therapy 3d therapy = coping with stress - deal with cause of stress and reduce it so your stress management is good. You relapse (didnt comply with rules of counseling) - usually worse than the original condition because unexpected

85. Force 3 model of stress = model 3 based on force 3 (spin off of model 1 (shock alarm (-) 1. Shock/alarm line keeps going down (mild depression ---> moderate) - suicide idealization ---> severe (your getting worse) a. alarm/shock d. sever depression b. mild depression e. suicide idealization c. moderate depression f. suicide attempts - When dead, you have spiritual stress (force 7) 2. Resistance (recovering (+) ---> 2 things can happen 3. Relapse/ Recovery -Early intervention = treating shock and depression ---> ALWAYS + 86. Eustress and Allostasis stress & graduation =

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- Can be a positive/ moving factor in graduation = TRUE Allostasis = management of high stress Eustress = POSITIVE stress - If you combine the 2, it helps you graduate What stress means to most people = - people always think neg. about stress TQ: - When people hear stress it triggers a neg. connection/ mental picture. Stress Management - Everybody needs stress management - Stress management is algorithmic and heuristic (individualize) Stress and Mental Disorders - Stress is factored into some/ ALL mental disorders Therapy and Counseling therapy techniques - The 8 forces represent 8 therapies. Freud uses: Force 1 = Free association (see anything you want. goes to Freud 3 times a week for 2 years and sat where clients could not see him to limit distractions) - Dream Analysis - Transparence (key word - hate) Counter transparence (client falls in love with therapist) - Humor Force 2 = 2 techniques: CC/OC = behavioral modification (force 2) use classic, conditioning (signal) or operant conditioning (system of rewards) Therapy in modifying behavior Flooding = afraid of snakes and tied to chair and put snakes on your head. Face your fear. (doesnt always work) Force 3 = UPR & UPL - Rogers did all the therapy. Rogers ideas are - Maslow - NO therapy - UPR = unconditional positive regard: Is this how you should love your kids? YES! - All people have goodness according to Rogers. May not be good at the moment and therapist find goodness in someone; in doing so, the therapist is loving the client. - Love your child unconditionally as a human being. Behavior is conditional; this is not. - Therapist never give up, but they do refer on their clients. Force 4 = Cognitive Therapy: Therapy changes thinking from neg. to pos. - combine force 2 and 4 to put together to make cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) = eclectic ---> put ideas together. Or integrative therapy (interchangeable). - Current therapy method used is cognitive.

- 8 Forces are base therapies - Therapy is harder than rocket science and brain surgery. Force 5 = Therapies for bio psych: A) elctro convulsive therapy (last resort therapies) ---> make client convulse, 10 sessions. - shoot electric convulses through your brain with one electrode. - Could it be out patient? NO B) Drug therapy ---> psychiatrist thinks medicine cures ALL mental disorders. - Treat to improve and drugs are used to stabilize the mental disorder. C) Brain Surgery = (lobotomy?) - Psychosomatic effect (brain & body, mind & body) D) Exercise for your body = control over your exercise - you can have an effect on your genes. - exercise turns anti aging genes off. Force 6 = Social/ Culture/ Relative Psychology (2 or more people need to be involved) A) Family Therapy (husband and wife go to therapy) B) Community Therapy C) Group Therapy - talk about only 1 common topic Comorbidden - have 3 or more mental disorders - treat all simultaneously. For an alcoholic in rehab: the best therapist ---> recovering/ recovered alcoholic (they often relapse: recovered drug counselors) Force 7 - Spiritual Counseling A) Pastoral Counselors B) Pastors C) Evangelists Force 8 - Exhausted all 449 therapies & client is not improving - Innovate/ create a new therapy - Spin off of the 8 forces 91. DSM = Diagnostic & Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders - 6 DSMs = 6 editions but only 4 DSMs (1,2,3,3TR,4,4TR) --> TR is text revised - Current DSM is DSM 4 - 1st: 132 pages (1952 publication) - published by APA 2 #91. The current DSM being used by both APA 1 and APA 2 is the DSM 5 usually both psychiatrist & psychological? FALSE! 92. 5 Axes of Diagnosis = (in all DSMs) check list used by counselors & therapists to diagnose more mental disorders ---> all therapists and counselors 1. Major mental disorders 2. Personality disorders 3. Mental conditions 4. Social conditions (family, work, hobbies)

5. GAF (Global Assessment of functioning) ---> runs 1-100 - Axis reflect a persons mental illness or mental health #92. The 5 axises of diagnosis guide as accurate therapy treatment? TRUE! 93. Model therapy ideas the 8 therapies are the models for the 450 therapies 94. Effective therapists and counseling characteristics - Self evident - Therapy and Counseling are interchangeable 95. Mental disorders classified by Alphabet - B/C are normal - D/E/F = only 3 letters that represent mental disorders - tends to hurt themselves - G/H/I = psyco pathological = tends to hurt others; classified as a mental disorder at trial and when caught. 96. Mild, Moderate, and Severe Mental Disorders

97. Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow - Carl & Rogers created which Force 3 = Humanism - Rogers was the therapist & Maslow did NO therapy - Rogers distributed the content from therapy sessions so others could learn 98. Integrative & Eclectic - Interchangeable = 99. Resistance Alliance and Resistance are opposite terms - Resistance = client doesn't wanna go - Alliance = Client & therapist have an alliance 100. Why Self Actualization? - Why be the best you can be all the time? - Why be honest? - Applies to a single person being the best they can be (FULLY FUNCTION) - STOCHASTIC = emerging personality; personality changes every 10 years. - Every time you improve the world gets better. - CANNOT teach self actualization.