Study of ground water in Anjar taluka

To study ground water of Anjar taluka let us here the story how ground water was explored by God in Kachchh. This story is taken from the book written by Tej kabil heading Kachchh ki yatra. The story goes as below. About 400 years back Kachchh was ruled by Sumra King and at that time Junagadh was ruled by Navganrao. At that time there was a road connection between Junagadh and Kachchh through Jamnagar. At that time king of Junagad had made Jasan ( woman living in Kachchh) his sister, this relation was not liked by king of Kachchh so be arrested Jasan and kept into confinement. When king Navganrao got the news he along with his army marched to attack Kachchh for release of his sister Jasan. When army was camping in Kachchh they were out of drinking water for which Navganrao was worried. He then remembered Goddess Chamunda Devi for help, king was guided by God to insert the trishul in VIRI area from which sweet water came out and thirst of soldiers were quenched. The army then marched forward and released Jasan from the prision. King Navganrao then build a temple near Jogrinar in the name of goddess Chamunda Devi. Story after India-Pakistan: After Indo-Pak partition Karachi Port was lost to Pakistan, hence urgent need emerged to built a Port in west Coast, hence Kandla Port Existed. On 7th September 1948 a decision was taken by Central Cabinet to develop Major Port in Kachchh. On 10th January 1952 foundation stone was laid by first Prime Minister Shri Jawaharlal Nehru .Kandla Port explored the ground water in Viri area with the help of geologist and hydrologists. There were artesian tube wells at that time and water from tube well use to flow up to Kandla without any pumping. Current Story: At present there are some tube wells of GWSSB in VIRI area and there are 30 number of Agriculture tube wells in area. At present the pumping water level is about 90-100 mts below ground level. Ground water of VIRI was preserved since existence of earth and was first explored by King of Junagad Navganrao about 400 years back with help of Goddess Chamunadevi. It was re-explored scientifically by Kandla Port Trust in year about 1950. In span of about 60 years only we had used about 100 mt depth of water. Out of 100 mts , the water bearing strata is about 35% i.e 35 mts which retains about 16 % of water (permeability of sand stone is 16%). Thus we had used 16%x35=5.6 mt of water in whole area. I.e 5600 liters per square meter water is consumed which has resulted in reduce in 5.6 metric ton of weight per square meter with in 100 mt depth of earth surface. This has also created geographical imbalance. The report of Gujarat Ecology Commission shows the depletion of ground water and increase in salinity. Glimpses of report of Gujarat Ecology commission. GERI Campus, Race Course Road, Vadodara 390 007, India.1996 are mentioned below. Principal Investigator is Prof. Y. D. Singh

Livestock population has played a prominent role in the economy of arid and semi-arid areas. The livestock population of Kachchh district increased from 9.40 lakhs (48 animals/km2) in 1962 to 14.13 lakhs (73 animals /km2) in 1992 showing an increase of 50%. Amongst the main herd species, sheep recorded maximum increase (163%) followed by goats (122%) and buffaloes (43%) whereas a decline of about 25% was recorded in the cattle population. Changes in species composition are generally indicative of increased stress among the species which are less drought resistant and are uneconomic to maintain. The increase in sheep and goat population is an indicator of desertification. The total number of agricultural land holding in Kachchh district increased by 48% between 1971and 1991. This increase was mainly due to the increase in marginal and small holdings. Similar trends were also observed in Banaskantha district. The total number of holdings increased by 60% of which the marginal and small holdings contributed The problems of salinity of soils in Kachchh is an important issue engaging the attention of all concerned in Rann area, the sea water enters from Kori creek and floods the Rann. The sea water advance eastward and normally passes between the Kuberbet and the Pachchham island. However, after the construction of Punjabi road the eastward flow of sea water has been restricted and is now flooding the Banni plains. Further, the western part of the Rann is also flooded by saline water from the adjoining salt affected areas of Pakistan. Along the coastal area , salinity has increased tremendously due to over exploitation of groundwater resources which resulted in the ingress of sea water. The ground water salinity is another serious hazard in irrigated areas. It has been estimated that a total of 4,77,200 ha of the cultivated area of the Kachchh district has been affected by salinity problem .In both the districts a change in the cropping patterns over a period of time was observed. The total cultivated area in Kachchh district increased by 15% between 1962 and 1993. Cotton, a highly salinity tolerant crop species, is mainly cultivated in the saline tracts of the district. However, cotton cultivation has decreased from 106684 ha in 1961 to 55288 ha in 1993. This significant decrease in cotton area especially in the saline tracts may, therefore, suggest that even this tract is also slowly becoming unsuitable for the cultivation of cotton A report of year 1991 also shows Anjar taluka in OE Category i.e over exploited category which shows ground water balance as negative.

Ground Water Potential of Kachchh district (1991)

TOTAL GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN MCM/YR. UTILISABLE GROSS GROUND GROUND WATER WATER RECHARGE DRAFT IN IN MCM/YR. MCM/YR. NET DRAFT IN MCM/YR. (70 PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL DRAFT) GROUND LEVEL OF WATER GROUND WATER PRESENT CATEGORY BALANCE DEVELOPMENT CATEGORY AT YEAR 5 IN IN PERCENTAGE MCM/YR.

TALUKA

Mandvi Nakhatrana Bhuj Bhachau Lakhpat Anjar Rapar Mundra Abdasa

56.19 196.79 30.66 25.54 24.24 58.46 45.23 19.55

51.35 47.76 167.27 26.06 21.7 20.6 49.69 38.44 16.62

63.75 48.26 66.82 40.54 3.26 11.68 56.95 39.37 15.93

44.62 33.78 46.77 28.38 2.28 8.18 39.86 27.55 11.15

6.73 13.98 120.5 -2.38 19.42 12.42 9.83 10.89 5.47

86.89 70.72 27.96 108.9 10.5 112.52 80.21 71.67 67.08

Dark Grey* White** OE**** White OE**** Dark Grey Grey

Dark Grey White OE White OE Dark Grey Grey

In 1994 data were collected from PGVCL regarding number of agriculture collection in Anjar and Bhachau Taluka. This was done to help my friend Mr. Anil Belani to complete M.E in ground water resources, for which he had acknowledged in his final submission. The details are astonishing which are as below:-

Sr.No Village 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Viri Ambapar Satapar Meghpar Dudhai Navagam Dhamanka Kotda Chandrani Moti Nagalpar Sinogra Khambra Chandiya Pantiya Lohariya Balot Lakhapar

No of AG connections 30 13 40 19 147 53 69 25 49 149 33 69 50 40 35 11 31

Total KW 407.5 95 237.5 332.5 1060 405 409 212.5 370 2723 547.5 1314 495 645 440 59 187.5

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Ningal Bhudarmoda Mitha Khengarpar Hirapar Khirsara Khedoi Chandroda Sapeda Ratnal Modsar Mindiyana Mathda Ajapar Sugariya Kanderai Naga Dhaneti Devaliya Bhadroi Khokhra Maringna Ukhadmoda Rapar Vada Anjar Kidana Mithirohar Chudva Galpadar Atanjar Tuna Shinay Chandrapar Meghpar Total Av. HP/ No Say As on 2007

41 65 11 18 57 10 57 42 49 65 5 1 4 3 2 2 3 53 4 4 2 8 47 6 15 1 29 3 66 40 6 2 1930

598.5 541 55 180 580 182.5 345 765.5 716.5 737.5 35 5 98 93 10 67 60 728 88 125 90 60 464.5 62.5 142.5 15 267.5 35 335 240 30 10 24448 12.67 13

184 3067.5

51 1762.5

111 1915.5

2610

Total KW considering 30 HP/No i.e 22.5 KW

As per local inquiry average 30 hp motors are used in agriculture tube wells KW = Calculatation of water drawl Total KW Total HP Av Hrs of pumping Av head in mt Efficiency HP=w x h /75x n 78300=wx100/75x0.60 w=78300x75x0.6/100 w= w in lpm= w in liter/hour Total liter in 8 hrs Total mld Say 35235 lps 2114100 lpm 126846000 lph 1014768000 lpd 1014.77 mld 1015 mld 58725 78300 5 100 60% 58725

Statement showing number of agriculture tube wells in year 1994 in Bhachau & Rapar Taluka
Sr.No Village
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kabrau Kumbhardi Morgar Amardi Sukhpar Chopadva Lunva Bhachau Total

No of AG Total connections HP
66 52 35 73 57 66 52 238 639 582.5 365 432.5 607.5 500 575 575 2452.7 6090.2

Av. HP/ No Say As on 2007 Bhachau feeder Samakhiyali feeder Total Waiting 1384 774 2158 853

9.530829 10

Total KW considering 30 HP/No i.e 22.5 KW/no KW = Calculattion of water drawl Total KW Total HP Av Hrs of pumping Av head in mt Efficiency HP=w x h /75x n 64780=wx90/75x0.60 w=64780x75x0.6/90 w= w in lpm= w in liter/hour Total liter in 8 hrs Total mld Say 32390 lps 1943400 lpm 116604000 lph 932832000 lpd 932.832 mld 950 mld 48555 64740 8 90 60% 48555

Rapar feeder Bhimasar feeder Waiting 2455 Total KW considering 30 HP/No KW =

2264 1690 3954

88965

calculate drawl of water Total KW Total HP Av Hrs of pumping Av head in mt Efficiency HP=w x h /75x n 118620=wx90/75x0.60 w=118620x75x0.6/90 w= w in lpm= w in liter/hour Total liter in 8 hrs Total mld Say Total drawl in Anjar+Bhachau+Rapar taluka 3675 mld 59310 lps 3558600 lpm 213516000 lph 1708128000 lpd 1708.128 mld 1710 mld 88965 118620 8 90 60%

Average drawl of water from Maliya

120 mld

No of times total agriculture drawl as compared to Narmada water pumping in Kachchh

30.63 times

Statement Showing pump water level of tube wells of GWSSB

Sr.No.
1 2

Area
Viri Viri

Year
1950 1955

Ground water level in mt

0 10

3 4 5 6 7 8

Viri Viri Viri Viri Viri Viri

1973 1981 1986 1991 1995 2011

12 24 33 45 50 90

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1989 1992 1995 2011

Ground water level in mt

25 45 60 105

1 Ratnal 2 Ratnal 3 Ratnal 4 Ratnal

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1973 1992 1995 2011

Ground water level in mt

10 50 75 150

1 Nagalpar 2 Nagalpar 3 Nagalpar 4 Nagalpar

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1970 1992 1995 2011

Ground water level in mt

5 30 45 90

1 Dudhai 2 Dudhai 3 Dudhai 4 Dudhai

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1985 1992 1995 2011

Ground water level in mt

30 45 50 90

1 Chopadva 2 Chopadva 3 Chopadva 4 Chopadva

Statement Showing yield of tube wells of GWSSB

Sr.No.
1 Viri 2 Viri 3 Viri

Area

Year
1950 1955 2011

Yield in lpm
19003100 1700 500

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1989 1992 2011

Yield in lpm
800 600 400

1 Ratnal 2 Ratnal 3 Ratnal

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1973 1992 2011

Yield in lpm
850 600 400

1 Nagalpar 2 Nagalpar 3 Nagalpar

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1970 1992 2011

Yield in lpm
2000 800 500

1 Dudhai 2 Dudhai 3 Dudhai

Sr.No.

Area

Year
1985 1992 2011

Yield in lpm
850 600 400

1 Chopadva 2 Chopadva 3 Chopadva

In support of above study a report of Geology and ground water resource can be studies which was prepared by G.C.Taylor , US Geological Survey a long with B.D.Pathak Geology Survey of India. Report in Brief with comparison of current scenario. The report is of Anjar-Khedoi region which covers 184 square miles. The report was based on field investigation for the period of 2 years from 1950-1952.

The water table crop up in land surface in VIRI and KHEDOI area hence there were artesian well in VIRI area. In year 1951 there were about 660 wells/ bore in Anjar-Khedoi area and number which had increased to 2610 tube wells in same area. In 1954 the rate of with drawl of water for irrigation and water supply in this region was 13645 acres feet against the recharge of 10000 to 12000 acres feet. It was also mentioned that any further exploration shall use the ground water storage and water level shall deplete. Now in year 2011 there are 2610 tube wells 1015 mld, i.e 374535 ml per year i.e 303704 acre feet per year. Which is 30.37 times in the year 1952. Yield of Viri tube well of Kandla w.s.scheme in year in 1951 was 417 to 683 imperial gallons per minute i.e 1900 to 3100 liters per minute. The same has reduced to 500 lpm roughly one seventh of original yield.