A British Woman Delivered First Baby By IVF - Louisa Brown

What do we mean by In Vitro Fertilization?

Retrieval Of Eggs From Ovaries Addition Of Sperm In Lab Dish To Make Fertilization

Transformation To Mother Uterus

After Formation Of Embryo In Lab Special Media

Idiopathic Causes Mainly after 2 years of unprotected intercourse with no obvious cause of infertility

Female Causes 1- Problems Of fallopian tubes obstruction, or salpingectomy due to ectopic pregnancy, or hydrosalpinx. Endometriosis. Ovulation problems. Antibodies that affects both eggs and sperms.

Male Causes Defects in sperm quantity and/or quality In-ability of the sperm to penetrate the cervical mucus No sperms seen in the semen fluid.

Genetic Diagnosis Pre implantation genetic diagnosis to rule out genetic disorders

First step: Evaluation

 Producing many good follicles to be Fertilized. Short or Long protocols: Is done by daily injections of gonadotropins. Regular monitoring by ultrasound scan is done. Following the follicular development and adjust the dose of the injections accordingly, After reaching certain size, the final maturation of those follicles is done by giving HCG.

Egg retrieval is done 34 to 37 hours post HCG injection. This procedure is considered as minor surgery. It is done under general anesthesia, using ultrasound guide. It takes 15 to 20 minutes. Not more than two hours are required for the patient to recover. Then, the patient can leave the hospital. A needle is used to aspirate all the follicles. The fluid is passed over to the embryologist, who identifies and separates the eggs.

 The eggs are prepared and stripped from the surrounding cells. At the same time, sperm preparation is done using a special media. We need from 10,000-100,000 motile sperm to be put beside each egg in a special dish, this is called traditional I.V.F. It is different from intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, in which we need only one sperm to be injected in the cytoplasm of the egg) Which is indicated in cases where sperm is present in the testes but the semen fluid does not contain sperm.

After 16 to 18 hours after the eggs, called zygotes, are fertilized, They are cultured in special incubators to support division and development. In this step, if the couple has a history of certain genetic disease and the gene that is causing that problem is identified, we may do pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. Grading of the embryos is done using specific criteria.

 The Embryos are transferred into the uterus after 2 to 5 days from the date of pick up. Depending on the quality and quantity of the embryos. Using a special embryo transfer catheter. The patient is given drugs to help support the implantation procedure. There is no need for a lengthy hospital stay after the embryo transfer procedure (usually one hour is sufficient). Residents of other countries can travel the next day if they wish.

Side Effects Of IVF

Ovulation induction: Embryo transfer Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Lower abdominal pain. Nausea and vomiting. Oliguria. Shortness of birth. Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Egg Retrieval Anesthesia complication. Lower abdominal pain. Mild vaginal Spotting as a result of the needle used for the pick up. Intra-abdominal bleeding. Genital tract infection. Intestinal injury or bladder injury in rare cases IVF Procedure In Case of Success: There is risk of multiple pregnancies and its complications. Risk of miscarriage. Ectopic pregnancy. In case of failure: There is risk of developing depression for both members of the couple. Do not forget the financial burden.

Two weeks post embryo transfer, if the blood tests give positive result. We can see the pregnancy sac one week after the blood test.

Women's age Less than 35 years old (4143%). In our center, 65-70%. Between 35-37 years old (33-35%). In our center, 5055%. Between 38-40 years old (23-27%). In our center, 3035%. After 41 years old (13-18%). In our center, 20-22%.

Other Statistics Repetition of four trials: success rate (70-80%). Repetition of after three trials: success rate (60-65%). If four embryos are transferred the percentage of success becomes 40%. If three embryo transfer the percentage 35%. If two embryo transfer the percentage 25%. One embryo carry 17% success rate.

Other Factors increasing the number of embryos transferred, the success rate increases risk of multiple pregnancies increases and miscarriage increases Quality of the eggs and sperm. Number and quality of embryos

Other factors that play a role in the success of I.V.F: Is there a genetic abnormality which will decrease the rate of implantation? Is the endometrial lining of the uterus of good quality, or not?
What happens if ovulation occurs before the eggs are retrieved? In this case we have two choices: 1 - Cancel the cycle and start again the following month. 2 - Do intrauterine insemination, if possible. We must mention that 10 days post embryo transfer, you can do your normal daily activity. You can travel and have intercourse 2 weeks later.

Regular cycle or not. Semen fluid analysis Sometimes AMH. Smoking. BMI (body mass index) and percent of fat in the body Health of the tubes.

 Assisted Hatching. Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm Injection IMSI Men And Women Guide to Preparing for IVF Treating Failed In Vitro Fertilization