According to a study conducted, the result shows the numbers of polluted stations have increased.

In station 1 and station 3, there are three types of pollution, while in station 2 and 4, it showed an increase of three pollutions from one pollution which make a final total of four pollutions. The characteristics of the river that had been observed are from fast moving water to low moving water and from upstream to downstream. In the upstream to downstream river, there is an increase of population that contributes to much more pollution to occur. Generally, the river pollution is caused by natural factors and human activities. There are two main sources of pollution, known as non-permanent and permanent sources of pollution. An irregular source of water pollution consists of components that cannot be detected such as a surface runoff, waste agricultural activities, farming and the others. Based on the result, some of the activities are identified as the source of contamination such as uncontrolled agriculture waste, the waste from industrial activities, domestic waste from residents, construction and also fishery waste. The main cause identified is industrial waste. The less effective waste water management systems have contributed to the occurrence of this problem. Untreated waste water before discharged into the river is not only changed the physical characteristics of the river, such as the colour, odour and turbidity but also give negative affect the aquatic life in the river. The industries that can pollute the river is derived from the manufacturing industry, petrochemicals, rubber and agricultural. Thus, the waste from the industry or company can give effect to the reduction of dissolved oxygen (DO), increase in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and hydrocarbons. The release of chemicals such as alkalis, acids, inorganic and organic sulphur, sodium salt and many more may bring more harm to the human beings. All this will cause deterioration in the water quality. To avoid it from happen, control measures should be taken to every industry and enterprise. By tightening of the existing law, the river or sea can be preserved from further contamination.

Figure 1: The condition of muddy/turbid water

Figure 2: Untreated water waste.

In addition, the domestic waste from the local residents is also a source of pollution of the changes of the water quality. In the study of in rural residential area, a problem that keeps coming up is about improper sewerage system. With residential position close to the river, all kinds of waste generated without thinking. The river is the place to be turned into a domestic waste as well as a toilet to remove the faeces. Among the factors that cause this pollution continues to spread is the increase of the population who never concerned with the effect of the activity they are doing. They also never care whatever it can disrupt the environmental balance or not. There should be an awareness in the people themselves to prevent things like this from continue to happen even more severely.

Figure 3: The sewage that flowing to the river.

Figure 4: The domestic waste pipe from the home that flowing Figure 2directly to river.

The next cause of the pollution is coming from agricultural activities. This is due to less efficient cropping systems which has resulted in the need for the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and chemical pesticides without considering the effects on the environment, particularly on the river or directly into the sea. In the livestock field, the problem occurs due to the release of animal droppings, such as pigs, goats, cows and others into the river, either alone, through surface runoff or by accident, in which it was done by the owner of the livestock itself. The effect of removal of livestock droppings was polluting the river or sea, may cause a high content of BOD, suspended solids and nitrogen. Thus, the occurrence of breeding range such as E.Coli bacteria and various diseases such as cholera are coming from the water.

Figure 5: Smelly and turbid water.

The construction activity on the river bank is another source of pollution that should be considered too. With this construction activity, meaning that and equipment are not the only things needed but workers are required too. So indirectly, when the number of workers increased, automatically it will increase the production of waste from humans with finally contributed to pollution.

Figure 6: The construction near the river is being carried out.

Lastly is fishery waste. The pollution happened when the fishermen throw their catch waste into the river and consequently defile the river. The angler is also contributed to the factor of pollution because they often remove their baits waste into the water. The garbage dump caused pollution to the river and transformed it into bad smell.