IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

A-B-C of Induction Motor

Dr. P.K. Sen, P.E. Professor of Electrical Engineering Colorado School of Mines psen@mines.edu 303.384.2020

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

January, 2012

Scope
Basics and Fundamentals Construction and Design Simple Calculations Equivalent Circuit Starting Speed Control Specification and Procurement Testing Protection
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Cage Rotor

Cage Rotor
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Wound Rotor

Simple Calculations

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Simple Calculations (Continued) Power Factor Improvement

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Motor Torque-Speed Characteristic

(Key Points)

Tload

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Optimum Motor Voltage Selection

Induction Motor (HP) Bus Voltage Motor Rated Voltage Typical Efficiency and Power Factor (lag) at Rated Load 0.6-0.8

Less than 1 HP (Fractional HP Motors)

1-ph, 120 V 1-ph, 240V 1-ph, 208 V 3-ph, 208 V 3-ph, 480 V

3-phase, 460 V

1 HP 400 HP 300 HP 3,000 HP 2,000 HP 8,000 HP 6,000 HP 20,000 HP

3-ph, 480 V 3-ph, 4.16 kV 3-ph, 6.9 kV 3-ph, 13.8 kV

3-phase, 460 V 3-phase, 4 kV 3-phase, 6.6 kV 3-phase, 13.2 kV

0.8 0.88 0.85 0.91 0.9 0.93 0.9 0.94

Note: Quite often, power factor improvement capacitors are added at the motor terminal. Typical power factor is improved to about 0.95 (lag) at full-load operating point. IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

NEMA Design Letter and Torque-Speed Characteristics

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

NEMA Design Letters Normal Staring Torque Normal Starting Current Normal Slip Normal Staring Torque Low Starting Current Normal Slip Applications: Pumps, fans, Blowers, Machine Tools, etc. High Starting Torque Low Starting Current Normal Slip Applications: Compressors, Conveyors, Plunger Pumps, etc. Very High Starting Torque, Low Starting Current, High Slip, Low Breakdown Torque Applications: Cranes, Elevators, Hoists, Oil Well, Pumps Low Starting Torque Normal Starting Current
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series Low Starting Torque

Design A

Design B

Design C

Design D

Design E Design F

Low Starting Current

NEMA Code Letter !!

Code Letter D E F G H Starting kVA/HP 4.00 4.49 4.50 4.99 5.00 5.59 5.60 6.29 6.30 7.09
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Unbalance Voltage Motor Derating Factor

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Motor Speed Control

120 f N r (Motor Speed) = (1 - s) p

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Motor Characteristics (Must!) : Type HP (or kW) Output Rating Speed Voltage, Phase, and Frequency Type of Insulation Service Factor Power Factor Rating, Losses and Efficiency (Data Request) Type of Enclosure Noise Level
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Motor Capabilities:
Torque Required Starting Accelerating Running Peak Pull-out Pull-in (Synchronous Motors) Decelerating or Regenerative

Thermal Capacity:
Locked Rotor Repetitive Starts Ambient Conditions Altitude

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Protection (1)
Thermal Protection:
Internal Thermal Protectors (49) (Resistance Temperature Detector RTD used with relay to detect winding over temperature) External Overcurrent Protectors (Replica type thermal overload relays (49), Long-time overcurrent relay (51))
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Protection (2)
Fault Protection:
Phase Overcurrent Relays (50/51) Ground Overcurrent Relays (50G) Differential Relays for Large Motors (87)

Bearing Protection:
RTD embedded in bearing shell (49)

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi, India

12/20/2011

Protection (3)
Protection Against Abnormal Operating Conditions: Abnormal Voltage Protection
Undervoltage (1-phase or 3-phase and Time delay) (27) Overvoltage (59) Unbalanced and Open-Phase (47) Reverse-Phase Sequence or Phase-Balance (46)

Abnormal Frequency Protection Locked Rotor Protection Incomplete Starting Sequence Protection Out-of-Phase Re-Energization Protection Surge Protection
IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

Questions ?
LV Motor Protection
Less than 10HP 10 50HP Range 50 300HP Range

400 -2,000HP 10,000HP

Understanding: (1) Heating Curve and (2) Starting/Accelerating/Running Curve

IEEE IAS Distinguished Lecture Series

(c) Dr. P.K. Sen, PE, Fellow IEEE