Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

The Role of the Intelligence Community in the Exploitation of Weaknesses in Terrorist Organizations Cesar A. Ward CRM 363 Exploitable Weaknesses in Terrorist Organizations Mr. Ryan Burchnell June, 04 2013

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

The use of intelligence services in the fight against terrorism is based on the accumulation of information obtained from various sources and analyzed using latest generation of technology that subsequently becomes a product to support the war against all forms of terrorism around the world. Basically, intelligence is both a process that requires the participation of all sectors of a country and also, is considered a very important product that has had an important role in diplomacy and a myriad of wars throughout history. In these recent years that the technology has reached a great importance, the work of the intelligence services has become even more important. But even among the population the work of intelligence is distorted, as is logical that nobody has access to meet the missions or actions performed by agents in order to give us the assurance that the entire population requires. The importance of the use of intelligence becomes all the more important when it comes to homeland defense and security. What happened on 9/11 put the fabric and unity of our society to the test. However, the population continues to contest the work of the intelligence services, considering it as an intrusion into personal freedoms. Checking identity documents, restricted vehicular access, and random searches of airline passengers are generally not well received by the majority of the members in our society. This dichotomy between the work of the intelligence services and the general acceptance of the population allows so that each time that the government makes public the detection and disarticulation of some terrorist threat, the population feels that whatever the government does is for the safety and benefit of the entire country. The primary means to accomplish this is through a combination of intelligence and the work of law enforcement. One of the most effective facets of the work done by the intelligence services is when we work together with the collaboration of several countries, using and exchanging information based on multiple forms of intelligence: Human intelligence (HUMINT), Intelligence Geospatial (GEOINT), Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Strategic Intelligence (STRATINT), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), and Technical Intelligence (Techint). Therefore, it is easy to conclude that intelligence is the collection of information from the world around us. Regardless of the form of intelligence, the world is divided into the short-term and narrow focused Tactical Intelligence and the comprehensive long-term approach, Strategic Intelligence.

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

The use of tactical intelligence is based on the implementation of operational units, which also incorporates in its actions, among other things, human intelligence, open shares intelligence, intelligence monitoring with images and audio. These various forms of utilization of resources by the intelligence services requires that members of the security forces receive high-level training and are fully focused on detecting and identifying the simplest of behavioral patterns and changes in social and psychological patterns . In this age of technology, we have become so dependent on machines that we have almost forgotten that intelligence work done by people can be equally, or even more effective, than those provided to us by technological advances. The most important thing is to focus primarily on tactical intelligence and its role in identifying, deterring and halting future terrorist action in our country and the world. The tactics used in Intelligence actions are crucial in the detection and exploitation of the weaknesses of terrorist groups. It is very important to consider that the war against terrorism can only be won on the battlefield. Initiative and surprise are important factors that can avoid reaching the use of force, but can only be achieved if the mission members intelligence service is effective. All necessary resources must be utilized to their full potential, including those that have been frequently challenged or ignored. Therefore, the actions of the intelligence service should be as simple as the use of central clearing. Another important element in the success of intelligence activities is the exchange of information. This is done by engaging the population, government and law enforcement. The agents of the security forces who are on the street will convey the information obtained from neighborhood sources. This partnership is the only way that the use of intelligence can have a chance to work at identifying and possibly stopping the next terrorist attack. When put into practice is the use of intelligence really the goal? What is the goal of a country when using the intelligence service? What is being looked for is something that is out of place or out of the ordinary standard behavior of the population, something that tells us that there is a likelihood of any terrorist attack. This is the goal of every member belonging to the intelligence services. Achieving this ability to observe and perceive the meaning of a situation in a particular area of the city or in

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

another country, in addition to assisting in the acquisition of knowledge of the new changes that directly affect the initial stages of the war against terrorism in mapped areas. Intelligence is a community that needs the joint cooperation of all sectors of government. The cooperation of army and the police department are essential to the realization of the objectives of intelligence to exploit the weaknesses of the terrorists. The Army has this obligation, as each member of the armed forces can be considered an information collector. Everyone gets a letter of intelligence before starting a mission or shift, and each individual has an obligation to maintain vigilance during their patrol with an additional requirement for continuing intelligence gathering while in the streets. The police department also has the same potential as the army to collect information. The interaction of the police with the population within its assigned sector patrol to perform their functions enables a smoother and more effable method of achieving this goal. As the collected informations sole purpose is to protect citizens, law enforcement and crime prevention, some information may be useful to analysts in tracking potential terrorist threats within our cities. The observation of these indicators and the appropriate analysis of its meaning could lead to prevent and defeat terrorist acts against the United States. There are many of these small indicators about the operations of terrorist groups that may be determined by the smallest of details provided during the acting of the intelligence services. It might not necessarily be these indicators that will recognize what they are, but a specialist who has studied a particular terrorist group and individual can help a lot. As a process, intelligence is an elaborated designed to support a person or country. It is designed to help governments, planners, operators and sometimes other intelligence services. Intelligence is useless if used improperly or in violation of laws and rights, or occurs only in a usable format when necessary. Intelligence is essential when there is a clear understanding of the ramifications of said intelligence. The war against terrorism is not over, no matter if some politicians consider that this conflict does not make sense and that the terrorists at any time surrender to the might of this country. There is a way that one side wants a war to end, by his own will; surrender. The United States should take the necessary measures to eliminate the enemy's will to fight, using the technology and human resources necessary to achieve this, the work of intelligence is very important to achieving this goal. Knowing what the enemy thinks, getting into his mind, in his

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

ideology could prevent further spilling of blood on the battlefields. The collection and analysis of information provided by members of the intelligence service is critical to ending this war. The intelligence before 9/11 did not meet the challenge because it could not get the proper information from the right people at the time that is what most needed. The authorities of this country who investigated the world trade center attacks came to the conclusion that there were serious problems in the exchange of information between intelligence services and community agencies. Also, consider this investigation to include other federal agencies in the failure. To date, all efforts of the government are with the intention to reorganize national security intelligence; authorities have focused mainly on the removal of barriers to the exchange of information among federal agencies, improving technology capabilities federal information, coordination of federal and analysis of the local police and the intelligence, and communication support state and local emergency. At the borders, at airports, and customs officials have the use of x-ray scanners detect anything that could be used to carry out a terrorist attack and endangering the lives of citizens, likewise the immigration authoritys controls have increased foreign visitors; the members of Al Qaeda who committed the attacks on 9/11 came to our country legally. Across the country, the joint terrorism task forces bring together newly expanded federal and local officials responsible for enforcing the law. Agents against terrorism use and combine research with that the police and intelligence agencies have been permitted by the U.S. Patriot Act, which Congress passed a month after the terrorist attacks. The new scope given to the Department of Homeland Security to oversee national intelligence collection and sharing of information has begun collecting data regarding the vulnerabilities of the nation. A new Center for Terrorist Threat Integration, under the supervision of the director of the CIA, is responsible for the synthesis of anti-terrorism intelligence and all entities whose function it is to collect data. Some of the changes that were incorporated in the acting of the intelligence service began a series of debates regarding the possible conflicts between national security measures and principles of personal privacy and open government. Civil liberties advocates have questioned the administration's efforts to take advantage of new information technologies in the war against terrorism. One of the most important is the

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

proposition to share personal information about individuals collected from a variety of sources authorized by the USA Patriot Act. Similar concerns have been raised about conflicts with the openness of government, especially when the secret has been extended without public debate. Shortly after September eleventh, federal agencies eliminated thousands of pages of public documents on the infrastructure of the nation from their websites, including maps of gas and water supply locations and data on shipments of hazardous materials and gaps in airport security. In October 2001, Attorney General Ashcroft reversed a longstanding policy under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) that requires agencies to disclose information unless the disclosure would cause "foreseeable harm" and is replaced by one that allows agencies to keep government information secret if there is a legal basis for doing so. In March 2002, the White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card ordered all agencies to adopt guidelines to prevent inappropriate disclosure of information. The government supported a new broad FOIA exemption in National Security Law for information provided voluntarily by companies with government on infrastructure vulnerabilities that may cause mass casualties or interruptions in a terrorist attack. All efforts made by the government to keep secret any information concerning the safety of the state is in order to not give any alternative triumph terrorist groups have over federal agencies and law by those who take the initiative to learn all about the enemy, his weaknesses and ideology, gathering the information necessary to get victory in this conflict that has no expiration date. Terrorism can be considered as a dichotomy, first as problem of law enforcement and elsewhere as matter of intelligence. After the occurrence of a terrorist attack, the research being conducted after incidents serves in the determination of certain peculiarities of the attack, as the type of explosive used and how it was detonated, so the information obtained by the various federal agencies and subsequently exchanged at the scene of the incident served to infer the identity of the terrorist, these acts of intelligence somehow seek to discover similar patterns of terrorist activity leading to the apprehension of the elements and the prevention of a terrorist act . The mission of intelligence to exploit the weaknesses of terrorist groups depends primarily on the collection of accurate and secure intelligence to ensure law enforcement can

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

anticipate and stop an attack from happening. Security forces should act in aiding of intelligence inputs and also use their knowledge of the different activities of local extremist groups set records of defense and violent acts and actors involved, because of their participation past terrorist activities, this can be used as an important element to start an investigation and to deter future acts of terrorism. Thus, the intelligence function of law enforcement can play a more proactive role rather than merely a post-incident investigating authority, what is needed is anticipation. It is extremely important to prevent terrorist attacks by interdicting terrorists and their resources before they can achieve their goals. The primary means to accomplish this is through a combination of intelligence and the work of law enforcement. The intelligence work is not something reserved only for countries fighting terrorism. Terrorist groups also conduct counterintelligence activities in the countries considered enemies of his ideology; this is done through training and infiltration of its members in countries that are targets. A terrorist group can reach and infiltrate U.S. intelligence and access valuable information about the capabilities of the government. Also this allows counterintelligence work in often providing false information that forces us to go off the roads by allocating resources in the wrong direction, away from the lens and frustrate collection efforts. Basically counterintelligence tasks carried out by the terrorists is to access national security secrets and to collect information from plans and missions, in addition to detect and sabotage national security operations, thereby achieving strategic deception. The anticipation and detection of the plans and intentions of making any attack by a terrorist group must be the objective of operations and intelligence analysis. To achieve this objective, the government should also use a proactive counterintelligence strategy and participatory techniques to identify intelligence collection and terrorist groups on that basis to design an optimal plan and strategy to address the objectives of terrorists. Security agencies also must have knowledge of the objectives and intelligence gathering capabilities of the terrorist group. These methods should be used to counter infiltrate terrorist networks to expose terrorist capabilities, needs guidance and the effectiveness of its operations. The terrorist ideology will always try to convince potential recruits that they are serving the interests of their ethnic or religious identity. The recruitment of young people in a terrorist organization can be used by the intelligence of the United States to identify weaknesses in

Running Head: The Role of the Intelligence

terrorist intelligence community. The cooperation of a citizen of a country that is allied with this country inside a terrorist group can get good results. Counterintelligence allows us to get rid of the false image created by denial and deception tactics of terrorist groups and demonstrate the intentions of its operations. So, to have a very good intelligence capability against terrorists there must be a comprehensive counter-strategy to ensure that the intelligence input is free of a corruption induced enemy. Definitely, if you want to achieve the aim of exploiting the weaknesses of terrorist groups, the work of the intelligence services remains the first line of defense and protection of national security, likewise, intelligence is a key element in the fight against terrorism, not on the battlefield, but when a government wants to defeat their ideology. But to defeat terrorism is not easy, as it is very agile and easily adapts to the hostile environment around it. We have to unite and increase our efforts in intelligence work and take multiple approaches. We need to encourage the participation of all citizens, improving and strengthening the collection and analysis and the relationship between them and strengthening counterintelligence.