ABSTRACT

In recent years, power demand has increased substantially while the expansion of power generation and transmission has been severely limited due to the limited resources and environmental restrictions. As a consequence, some transmission lines are heavily loaded and the system stability becomes a power transfer-limiting factor. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers have been mainly used for solving various power system steady state control problems and function of power flow control. Among the different variants of facts devices, static compensator are proposed as the most adequate due to they can supply required reactive current even at low values of bus voltage and also for the real power modulation. A more flexible model may be realized by representing the STATCOM as a variable voltage source for which the magnitude and phase angle may be adjusted using suitable algorithm, to satisfy a specified voltage magnitude at the point of connection with AC network. The STATCOM will be represented by a synchronous voltage source with maximum and minimum voltage magnitude limits and also it is represented as a voltage source for the full range of operation. This paper aims to verify the capability of STATCOM in improving voltage regulation in the transmission systems and the STATCOM is included in Newton Raphson model and simulated study is implemented by MATLAB.

CONTENTS
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. INTRODUCTION FLOW OF POWER IN AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM SCENARIO PROBLEM OF VOLTAGE STABILITY 1.4.1. VOLTAGE STABILITY ENHANCEMENT 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 LOAD FLOW STUDIES LOAD FLOW BUS CLASSIFICATION LOAD FLOW METHODS 1.8.1GaussSeidel method 1.8.2 Fast-Decoupled-Load-Flow method. 1.8.3 NewtonRaphson method. 1.9 NEWTONRAPHSON LOAD FLOW (NRLF) METHOD

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CHAPTER 2 2 2.1 FACTS FACTS CONTROLLERS 2.1.1SERIES CONNECTED CONTROLLERS 2.1.1.1Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) 2.1.1.2Thyristor switched series capacitor (TSSC) 2.1.1.3Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) 2.1.2 SHUNT CONNECTED CONTROLLERS 2.1.2.1Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) 2.1.2.2Thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) 2.1.2.3Thyristor switched reactor (TSC) 2.1.2.4Static Var compensator (SVC) 2.1.3COMBINED SERIES SHUNT CONTROLLERS 2.1.4UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLERS 2.2 2.3 2.4 BENEFITS OF FACTS DEVICES COMPARISON OF VARIOUS FACTS DEVICES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS 16 18 18 19 20 20 22 22 23 24 24 25 25 26 28 29

CHAPTER 3 3 3.1 3.2 STATCOM OPERATING PRINCIPLE MODELLING OF STATCOM 3.2.1SHUNT VARIABLE SUSPECTANCE METHOD 3.3 3.4 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF STATCOM MAIN ADVANTAGES OF STATCOM 29 30 32 33 34 34

CHAPTER 4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 MATLAB INTRODUCTION TO MAT LAB MAT LAB WINDOW PROBLEM EVALUATION 4.3.1 IEEE 5 BUS SYSTEM 4.3.1.1USING WITHOUT STATCOM 4.3.1.2USING SINGLE STATCOM 4.3.1.3USING MULTIPLE STATCOM 4.3.2 IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM 4.3.2.1 USING WITHOUT STATCOM 4.3.2.2 USING SINGLE STATCOM 4.3.2.3 USING MULTIPLE STATCOM CHAPTER 5 5 CONCLUSION 47 49 50 51 52 35 35 36 38 38 38 39 40 41 41 43 45

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX IEEE 5 BUS LINE AND LOAD DATA IEEE 14 BUS LINE AND LOAD DATA

LIST OF FIGURES:
1.1 POWER FLOW IN PARALLEL PATHS 2.1.1 TCSC LAYOUT 2.1.2 TSSC LAYOUT 2.1.3 SSSC LAYOUT 2.2.1 STATCOM LAYOUT 2.2.2 TCR LAYOUT 2.2.3 TCSC LAYOUT 2.3 UPFC LAYOUT 3.1 STRUCTURE OF STATCOM 3.2 TYPICAL VI CHARACTERISTICS FOF STATCOM 3.3 STATCOM 3.4 STATCOM UNDER VARIABLE SUSPECTANCE METHOD 4.1 IEEE 5 BUS SYSTEM 4.2 IEEE 5 BUS SYSTEM WITH SINGLE STATCOM 4.3 IEEE 5 BUS SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE STATCOM 4.4 IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM 4.5 IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM WITH SINGLE STATCOM 4.6 IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE STATCOM 12 19 20 21 23 24 24 26 29 30 31 33 38 39 40 41 43 45

LIST OF TABLES 1. COMPARISION IF DIFFERENT FACTS DEVICES 2. MAT LAB RESULTS OF IEEE 5 BUS WITHOUT USING STATCOM 3. MAT LAB RESULTS IEEE 5 BUS WITH USING SINGLE STATCOM 4. MAT LAB RESULTS 5 BUS WITH USING MULTIPLE STATCOM 5. MAT LAB RESULTS IEEE 14 BUS WITHOUT USING STATCOM 6. MAT LAB RESULTS 14 BUS WITH USING SINGLE STATCOM 7. MAT LAB RESULTS 14 BUS WITH USING MULTIPLE STATCOM 8. LINE AND LOAD DATA FO IEEE 5 BUS SYSTEM 9. LINE DATA FO IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM 10. LOAD DATA FO IEEE 14 BUS SYSTEM 14 38 39 40 42 44 46 50 51 52