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6th OpenFOAM Workshop, June 13-16 2011, PennState University, USA

Draft Tube calculations using OpenFOAM-1.5dev and validation with FLINDT data

C. Devals, Y. Zhang and F.Guibault


cole Polytechnique de Montral, Canada

T. Vu and B. Nennemann
Andritz Hydro, Pointe-Claire, Canada

Context
Viscous flow simulations for hydraulic turbo-machinery design

Distributor

Spiral casing

Runner Draft-tube

Context
Previous work: 25th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems September 20-24, 2010, Timisoara, Romania Steady and unsteady flow computation in an elbow draft tube with experimental validation T.C. Vu, C. Devals, Y. Zhang, B. Nennemann and F. Guibault International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems Vol 4, No 1, January-March 2011

Lt=1%Dth

Lt=0.5%Dth

Lt=0.25%Dth

Objectives

Understand why the recovery coefficient for Phi=0.368 shows an important decrease for Lt=0.5%Dth. Validate OpenFOAM RANS simulations for draft tube on hexahedral meshes Compare recovery coefficient prediction with experimental data

Test Case Description


Model draft tube test: FLINDT FLINDT is for FLow INvestigation in Draft Tubes Project (LMH-EPFL Switzerland) Throat diameter: Dth = 0.4 m Rotational speed: N=1000 RPM Angular velocity: =104.66 Hz Flow coefficient : 0.340, 0.360, 0.368, 0.380, 0.390 and 0.410 corresponding swirl: 0.332, 0.242, 0.214, 0.198, 0.149 and 0.076 Recovery coefficient

Q = 3 R th

Pstat 1 Q 2 Aref
2

pstat static pressure difference between inlet and outlet Aref reference section area Aref=0.17538m2

Physical Properties and Models


Steady state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations

r r r rT p (U U ) = ( I + (U + U )) r U = 0

= lam + turb
Newtonian fluid
1

rel = 997kg.m lam = = 0.89257.106 m 2 s 1

turb = lam

turb
k

turb = =

2 k Cmu

turbulence model

Boundary Conditions
Inlet
pressure type U, k type fileName profile1DfixedValue "profil-rr.csv" zeroGradient

epsilon type turbulentMixingLengthDissipationRateInlet mixingLength 0.0003285

U profile
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k profile

Boundary Conditions
Outlet
pressure type meanValue value U, k and epsilon type fixedMeanValue 0 uniform 0

zeroGradient

Boundary Conditions
pier
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)

zeroGradient

No slip Wall condition

Boundary Conditions
main
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)

zeroGradient

No slip Wall condition

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Boundary Conditions
ext
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)

zeroGradient

No slip Wall condition

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Numerical Model

Steady state (RANS) calculations (10000 iterations) Solver: SimpleFOAM Convection term discretization: normalized variable diagram (NVD) scheme GammaV (between 0 and 1) Linear solver: PBiCG for all variables except P, GAMG for P Turbulence model: k-epsilon Velocity inlet BC : axi-symmetrically averaged velocity measures Turbulence inlet BC: axi-symmetrically averaged k measures 4 turbulence length scales tested (epsilon) Convergence: tolerance of 1.e-6, relTol of 0.01 for all variables Pstat = Monitoring variable: pressure recovery factor 2 1 Q 2 Aref

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Test Cases

Mesh investigation # nodes CRS STD FINE 288744 782283 1875470 # elements 276560 757968 1830884

Scheme GammaV investigation: =0, =0.5 and =1 GammaV is the improved version of the NVD gamma scheme (=0 best accuracy and =1 more robust) Mixing length investigation: Lt=0.25%Dth, 0.5%Dth, 1.0%Dth and 5%Dth Initial conditions investigation

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Test Cases

Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation

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Mesh investigation GammaV 1


Coarse mesh Standard mesh Fine mesh

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Mesh investigation GammaV 1


Coarse mesh Standard mesh Fine mesh

Phi=0.368

Phi=0.380

X=-0.25

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203

207 209

213

Mesh investigation GammaV 1 Phi=0.380


202 205 208 211 214

ct2 ct1

CFD Experimental Data

Steady probe

CFD Experimental Data

Steady probe

Coarse mesh

Fine mesh

Static Pressure

Axial Component

Radial Component

Tangential Component

Energy

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Test Cases

Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation

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Scheme investigation GammaV Coarse mesh


GAMMAV 0.0 GAMMAV 0.5 GAMMAV 1.0

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Test Cases

Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation

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Mixing length investigation Standard mesh GammaV 1

Lt=0.25%Dth

Lt=0.50%Dth

Lt=1.00%Dth

Lt=5.00%Dth

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Mixing length investigation Standard mesh GammaV 1


Relative Viscosity Lt=0.50%Dth X=0.20 Relative Viscosity Lt=5.00%Dth X=0.20

X=0.25

X=0.25

X=0.00

X=0.00

X=-0.25 X=-0.20
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X=-0.25 X=-0.20

Test Cases

Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation

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Initial condition investigation Std mesh GammaV 1 Lt=0.25%Dth


Initial conditions from no previous calculation Initial conditions from previous calculation

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Conclusions and Perspectives

Conclusions Results are quite good compared to experimental data Results are not so sensitive to mesh resolution except for Phi=0.368 Results are sensitive to scheme Results are sensitive to initialization Perspectives Validation and comparison with OpenFOAM-1.6ext Runner and Draft-Tube calculations Unsteady cases Wall function investigation

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Thank you for your listening Any questions?

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