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Draft Tube calculations using OpenFOAM-1.5dev and validation with FLINDT data
T. Vu and B. Nennemann
Andritz Hydro, Pointe-Claire, Canada
Context
Viscous flow simulations for hydraulic turbo-machinery design
Distributor
Spiral casing
Runner Draft-tube
Context
Previous work: 25th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems September 20-24, 2010, Timisoara, Romania Steady and unsteady flow computation in an elbow draft tube with experimental validation T.C. Vu, C. Devals, Y. Zhang, B. Nennemann and F. Guibault International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems Vol 4, No 1, January-March 2011
Lt=1%Dth
Lt=0.5%Dth
Lt=0.25%Dth
Objectives
Understand why the recovery coefficient for Phi=0.368 shows an important decrease for Lt=0.5%Dth. Validate OpenFOAM RANS simulations for draft tube on hexahedral meshes Compare recovery coefficient prediction with experimental data
Q = 3 R th
Pstat 1 Q 2 Aref
2
pstat static pressure difference between inlet and outlet Aref reference section area Aref=0.17538m2
r r r rT p (U U ) = ( I + (U + U )) r U = 0
= lam + turb
Newtonian fluid
1
turb = lam
turb
k
turb = =
2 k Cmu
turbulence model
Boundary Conditions
Inlet
pressure type U, k type fileName profile1DfixedValue "profil-rr.csv" zeroGradient
U profile
7
k profile
Boundary Conditions
Outlet
pressure type meanValue value U, k and epsilon type fixedMeanValue 0 uniform 0
zeroGradient
Boundary Conditions
pier
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)
zeroGradient
Boundary Conditions
main
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)
zeroGradient
10
Boundary Conditions
ext
U type value p, k and epsilon type fixedValue uniform (0 0 0)
zeroGradient
11
Numerical Model
Steady state (RANS) calculations (10000 iterations) Solver: SimpleFOAM Convection term discretization: normalized variable diagram (NVD) scheme GammaV (between 0 and 1) Linear solver: PBiCG for all variables except P, GAMG for P Turbulence model: k-epsilon Velocity inlet BC : axi-symmetrically averaged velocity measures Turbulence inlet BC: axi-symmetrically averaged k measures 4 turbulence length scales tested (epsilon) Convergence: tolerance of 1.e-6, relTol of 0.01 for all variables Pstat = Monitoring variable: pressure recovery factor 2 1 Q 2 Aref
12
Test Cases
Mesh investigation # nodes CRS STD FINE 288744 782283 1875470 # elements 276560 757968 1830884
Scheme GammaV investigation: =0, =0.5 and =1 GammaV is the improved version of the NVD gamma scheme (=0 best accuracy and =1 more robust) Mixing length investigation: Lt=0.25%Dth, 0.5%Dth, 1.0%Dth and 5%Dth Initial conditions investigation
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Test Cases
Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation
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15
Phi=0.368
Phi=0.380
X=-0.25
16
203
207 209
213
ct2 ct1
Steady probe
Steady probe
Coarse mesh
Fine mesh
Static Pressure
Axial Component
Radial Component
Tangential Component
Energy
17
Test Cases
Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation
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Test Cases
Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation
20
Lt=0.25%Dth
Lt=0.50%Dth
Lt=1.00%Dth
Lt=5.00%Dth
21
X=0.25
X=0.25
X=0.00
X=0.00
X=-0.25 X=-0.20
22
X=-0.25 X=-0.20
Test Cases
Mesh investigation Scheme GammaV investigation Mixing length investigation Initial conditions investigation
23
24
Conclusions Results are quite good compared to experimental data Results are not so sensitive to mesh resolution except for Phi=0.368 Results are sensitive to scheme Results are sensitive to initialization Perspectives Validation and comparison with OpenFOAM-1.6ext Runner and Draft-Tube calculations Unsteady cases Wall function investigation
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