Cancer Nursing

Review of Normal Cell Cycle Lymph

3 TYPES OF CELL
1.) PERMANENT - Out of the cell cycle (Neurons, Cardiac Muscles) 2.) STABLE - Dormant / Resting (Liver, Kidney) 3.) LABILE - Continuously dividing (GIT Cells, Skin, Endometrial, Blood Cells) -

NOMENCLATURE OF NEOPLASMA
Tumor is named according to: 1.) PARENCHYMA, ORGAN or CELL HEPATOMA Liver OSTEOMA Bone MYOMA Muscle 2.) PATTERN AND STRUCTURE EITHER GROSS OR MICROSCOPIC FLUID-FILLED Cyst GLANDULAR Adeno FINGER-LIKE Papillo STALK Polyp -

ORIGINS OF CANCER
All cancers begin in cells, the bodys basic unit of life.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASIA
Uncontrolled growth of abdominal cells.

BENIGN TUMOR
Suffix -OMA is used Adipose Tissue Lipoma Bone Osteoma Muscle Myoma Blood Vessel Angioma Fibrous Tissue Fibroma

1.) Benign 2.) Malignant CARCINOMA Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organ.

SARCOMA - Cancer that begins in Bones, cartilages, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or the connective or supportive tissue. LEUKEMIA - Blood-forming tissue. LYMPHOMA

MALIGNANT TUMOR
Named according to embryonic cell origin.

Undifferentiated Erratic & Uncontrolled Growth Expansive and Invasive Secretes abnormal proteins METASTISEZES

1.) ECTODERMAL, ENDODERMAL, GLANDULAR, EPITHELIAL Used suffix Carcinoma Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma 2.) MESODERMAL, CONNECTIVE TISSUE ORIGIN Used suffix Sarcoma Fibro sarcoma Fibrous Tissue Myosarcoma Muscle Angiosarcoma Blood Vessels

ETIOLOGY
1.) Physical Agents - 90 95% (Environment), 5-10% (Genetics), 30-35% (Obesity), 25-30% (Smoking), 15-20% (Infection), 10% (Radiation) Radiation

1.) OMA but Malignant o Hepatoma, Lymphoma, Melanoma (Skin) 2.) Three Germ Layers o Teratoma 3.) Non-neoplastic but OMA o Hematoma

Ionizing Radiation Medical Imaging (CT scan) 1015 years before it will be diagnosed. - Radon Gas from nuclear power plant Non - Ionizing Radiation UVR (Ultra Violet Rays) from sun and causes Melanoma Radiofrequency Exposure to Irritants Exposure to Sunlight 2.) Chemical Agents Smoking 50 Carcinogens / stick Nitrosamine Polycystic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carbon Monoxide Dietary Ingredients

CHARACTERICS OF NEOPLASIA
1.) BENIGN Well-differentiated Slow Growth Encapsulated Does NOT metastasize 2.) MALIGNANT

Drugs 3.) Genetics and Family History Oncogens (History of Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer) Colon Cancer Grade1 LOW Grade 4 HIGH Cancer Staging

1.) Uses the T-N-M Staging System T- Tumor N- Node M- Metastasis 2.) Stage 1 to Stage4

4.) Dietary Habits Low Fiber High Fat Processed Foods Alcohol 5.) Viruses and Bacteria HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Cervical Cancer Epstein Barr Virus Kaposis Sarcoma / Herpes Sarcoma Virus

GENERAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

1.) Surgery- Cure, Control, Palliate 2.) Chemotherapy 3.) Radiation Therapy 4.) Immunotherapy 5.) Bone Marrow Transplant Lifestyle Modification Nutritional

6.) Hormonal Agents 7.) Immune Disease AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

SCREENING
1.) Male & Female occult blood test (Fecal), Chest X-Ray, DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) 2.) Female Self Breast Examination, CBE, Mammography & Pap Smear 3.) Male - DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) for Prostate , Testicular Self- Examination Decent

CARCINOGENESIS
Cancer Diagnosis

1.) Biopsy The Most Definitive 2.) CT Scan, MRI 3.) Tumor Markers Cancer Grading -The Degree of Differentiation

Color Nodes Pain Discharges