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Pidilite Industries Limited Construction Chemicals Division Ramakrishna Mandir Road PO Box No. 17411 Andheri East Mumbai 400 059 T 2835 7000 F 2835 7008 drfixit@pidilite.com, www.doctor-fixit.com
Old Construction
Introduction
Leakage through walls, especially through rain facing walls, is the most common problem today. The perennial problem of this kind creates unhealthy conditions for the occupants and is very disturbing. This can also pose danger to the structure, if the problem is not tackled in time. There are mainly 3 types of problem areas which have to be tackled while making any existing wall leakfree. I. External surface II. Internal surface III. Rising dampness
Old Construction
Existing walls should be inspected thoroughly to find its existing condition. Before waterproof coating is applied, one should look at following things
Alternatively, an acrylic sealant Dr. Fixit Gapfill also can be used at such places. Being flexible, this sealant will accommodate movement caused due to expansion
External surface
1. 2 Overall condition of plaster Cracks
3. Separation gaps (Junction between RCC members & Masonry) 4. Gap around window frame 5. Grooves made in the dead wall and its condition 6. Presence of black patches, fungus / algae 7. Condition of all weather sheds, portico, canopy, balconies, etc.,
Step 3 Repairs to chajjas & waterproofing of junction between chajja & wall All weather sheds / chajjas should be also checked for its structural stability. The damaged and carbonated concrete shall be removed and repaired with high strength, impermeable, shrinkage compensated ready to use polymer-modified mortar Dr. Fixit Polymer Mortar PX as per material's specifications All junctions between chajja / weather shed should be examined for its soundness. The same should be repaired with polymermodified mortar if required. Add 10% of Dr. Fixit Pidicrete URP or MPB in 1: 3 mortar for making the polymer modified mortar. Cure mortar for 3 days by sprinkling water
8. Condition of RCC columns and beams, lintels, RCC pardi and any other structural member The job should be carried out in following steps Step 1 Repairs to damaged RCC of columns, beams, etc., Damaged RCC members should be inspected to find out the nature of distress and its gravity. Depending upon the diagnosis one can use various materials like from the Dr. Fixit range of repair materials Other structural members like RCC pardi, fins, boxes, etc., constructed for some aesthetic purpose or any other purpose should either be repaired using proper materials or can be knocked off in consultation with structural engineer
Step 4 Removing & redoing of old or cracked plaster Loose plaster should be removed carefully with the help of cutter machine or chisel and hammer and redone with new mortar admixed with integral waterproofing compound Dr. Fixit Tonic at 200 ml dosage per 50 bag of cement. The newly plastered patches should be cured for minimum of 14 days before application of waterproofing coat
Step 5 Sealing gap around window frame Gap around window frame should be filled using Dr. Fixit Gapfill or Dr. Fixit Silicone Sealant Metal & Glazing
Step 6 Filling of all cracks Surfaces cracks up to 4 mm wide shall be filled with non-shrinking, waterproof crack filling compound Dr. Fixit Crack X Powder. Pour required quantity of clean water in Crack X powder to make a paste. Apply with spatula to fill the entire crack Large cracks beyond 4 mm should be filled with URP modified mortar using fine sand
Step 2 Ensure leak free joint between RCC members & masonry Due to change in the materials and difference in the coefficient of expansion, the joint between RCC & masonry always develops crack (separation gap) in due course of time. These joints later become the major source of problem The junction of brick masonry and RCC member can be filled with polymer modified mortar. Dr. Fixit Pidicrete URP or MPB can be added at 6 to 8 % by weight of cement in 1: 3 or 4 cement sand mortar and then filled
Step 7 Surface Preparation After all repairs, crack filling, etc. the entire surface shall be washed with clean water till it is saturated. Allow surface to become touch dry before application of primer
Step 8 Application of waterproof coating Primer Application While the surface is still moist, apply primer apply primer Dr. Fixit Primeseal after diluting with water in 2:1 ratio (2 part Primeseal : 1 part clean water) over clean and prepared surface at the rate of 8 to 10 sqm per ltr. Allow primer to dry, which typically takes 2 to 4 hours, depending upon the ambient temperature and relative humidity The washing shall be done as and when required or as the job proceeds Waterproof Coating application Apply 2 coats of undiluted Dr. Fixit Raincoat directly from the pack over the primed surface. Second coat shall be applied at a right angle to the first coat after 5 to 6 hours or after 1st coat dries completely Dr.Fixit Raincoat can be tinted with any colour of choice
Option 2 In this option heavy-duty flexible polymer modified cementitious coatings Dr. Fixit Pidifin 2K can be used. This is useful when the large area from inside needs to be treated against possible dampness in future Remove the paint from the affected area and POP or painter's putty till the plastered surface is exposed Clean the area to remove all loose particles / fungus etc., and wash with clean water Mix the powder and liquid, supplied in pack, till homogeneous mix is obtained
Rising Dampness
Walls affected due to this problem can be treated with special Siliconate based injection material Dr. Fixit Dampfree. Following steps are taken The area of grouting should be identified, preferably just above the skirting level from inside or at the ground level from outside Using 12mm-15mm diameter drill bit, drill holes at 250 mm / cc at 450angle in downward direction upto a depth of 2/3 the thickness of the wall. Insert PVC nozzles of 12 - 15mm diameter into the holes. Ensure that the nozzles are sufficiently inside and seal the surrounding of nozzles with Dr. Fixit Instant Leak Plug Dilute 1 part Dr. Fixit Dampfree with 5 parts potable water, if the rising dampness problem is not so severe Inject the diluted Dr. Fixit Dampfree with a suitable hand pump. The pressure shall be not less than 2 kg/cm2. Continue grouting till all the holes have experienced the refusal Remove the nozzles and seal the area with Dr. Fixit Leak Plug Leave the area for 1 month to dry Paint after it is dried completely Apply 1st coat over the prepared surface when the surface is still moist Apply 2nd coat in perpendicular direction to first after 1st coat is dried Leave the surface for 3 days to cure Apply POP to required level Allow POP to dry and carry out painting work
Internal Surfaces
The common problem for internal surface is Blistering of paint or efflorescence & damp patches Option 1 Blistering of paint or efflorescence & damp patches seen only during monsoon is very common and can happen due to various reasons. If the problem is perennial, it can be treated using heavy-duty water-based epoxy coating Dr. Fixit Dampgaurd, over the affected area Remove the paint from the affected area and POP or painter's putty till the plastered surface is exposed Clean the area to remove all loose particles/fungus etc., and wash with clean water Mix base and hardener provided in the pack together and add 1 part of water. The mixing ratio shall be 1 part base : 1 part hardener : 1 part water Mix together to get an homogenous mix. Apply 1st coat by brush over the cleaned area. The surface should be damp when the 1st coat is being applied. Allow it to dry for 6 hours or till it becomes dry. Take additional area on all four sides of damp patch for precautions Apply 2nd coat perpendicular to the 1st coat and allow it to dry Once the 2nd coat is dried, POP or painter's putty can be applied over the Dampgaurd to the required level and finish for further painting work
Application Areas
Product used
Dr. Fixit Tonic Tonic for cement Pack size 200 ml, 1, 5 & 20 litre
Waterproofs mortar / concrete Increases strength & durability Increases work ability of plaster & concrete Delays corrosion of steel Confirms to IS: 9103: 2003 and IS: 2645:2003 Coverage 200 ml/ 50 Kg bag of cement White liquid, easily brush applied Useful as waterproofing coat Useful as a bonding agent between old and new concrete surfaces Excellent as a cement modifier 300-400 microns thick layer on 2 coats of application Repair mortar modified with Dr. Fixit Pidicrete URP suitable for repairing of RCC slabs and other RCC members Coverage 20-22 sq. ft / kg for 2 coats (URP + cement in the proportion 1:1.5) Excellent adhesion to cementitious substrates Works as an effective bonding agent by facilitating more open time. Can modify mortar / concrete for specifiers' requirements in repair. Reduces shrinkage cracking in mortar and screeds. Suitable for internal and external applications. Coverage 75-85 sq. ft. / kg on concrete/plaster surfaces as a neat coat Ready to use & easy to apply High solid, low shrinkage Non sagging suitable for vertical & horizontal application Highly elastic and good recovery Suitable for different joints like concrete, wood, PVC and aluminium Bridges cracks upto 5-6 mm Coverage Depending on the size of gaps Heavy duty, waterproof coat for external walls No water dilution at site 2 time thicker than normal exterior paint. Higher binding property & more durability Bridges cracks upto 0.5 mm width UV and stain resistant Anti-algae & anti-fungal Low dirt pickup Can be tinted with universal stainer Coverage 35 sq.ft / litre for 2 coats on normal cement / sand surface *Coverage may vary, depending upon porosity & texture of substrate Good binding of chalky and porous substrates Used as a primer on internal and external surfaces Based on chemically inert polymer, hence suitable for higher alkaline substrates Provides deep penetration that imparts excellent substrate adhesion Provides excellent efflorescence resistance by blocking capillaries and pores Coverage 8-10 m2 /litre / coat
Repairs to RCC members In repair mortars/concretes As an additive in plasters at 5-6% by weight of cement content
Dr. Fixit Pidicrete URP SBR Latex for waterproofing & repairs Pack size 500 g, 1, 5, 10, 20 & 225 kg
Dr. Fixit Pidicrete MPB Acrylic bonding agent Pack size 1, 10, & 225 kg
Joints between window sills Building joints of wooden, metal and aluminum window frames to concrete and brick work. Filling external as well as internal wall cracks prior to acrylic emulsion painting
Dr. Fixit Gapfill A single component elastomeric acrylic sealant Pack size 200 g laminated plastic tube & 450 g cartridge
Dr. Fixit Raincoat High performance acrylic elastomeric, exterior waterproof coating Pack size 1, 4 & 20 litre
Dr. Fixit Primeseal Efflorescence resistant penetrating primer Pack size 1, 10, & 20 litre
Application Areas
Product used
Blisters on walls
Dr. Fixit Dampguard Dampproof coating for internal walls, ceiling and RCC water tanks Pack size 500 g & 1 kg
Hygienic water based epoxy coating for damp internal masonry walls Cracks / crevices can be filled by mixing DR. FIXIT DAMPGUARD with White cement CFTRI certified for potable water contact Water dilutable, high covering capacity Washable with mild detergent Coverage finish coat - 35-40 sq.ft. / kg 2 coats
Mixing Ratio: As a damp wall coating = 1: 1: 1 (Base: Hardner: Water) by weight As a Putty= 1: 1: 2 (Base:Hardner:OPC) by volume
Dr. Fixit Dampfree Siliconate injection grout for Rising Dampness Pack size 2 & 10 litre