GSK 50 % (100 marks) Answer ALL questions in part A, and ANY 4 from part B Content Part A 1.

Stability Booklet of a containership 07/2010 2. A) Find change of trim; B) Find resultant list angle. 07/2010 3. State the ship what kind stress will face and which kind ship structure to combat this stress. 07/10 03/09 4. Find angle of heel, find amount of ballast shift from side to upright 03/2010, 11/08 5. Draw a diagram to describe inert gas system on a large tanker during loading, carriage and discharging 03/10 B03/09, 11/08 6. Hazard of inert gas system 03/2010, 11/08 7. Name 3 basic pipeline systems on tanker. B) Draw 2 of the above system which you familiarize with and describe (advantages & disadvantages). 07/07

Part B 1. Why bulk carrier need to ballast on top wing tank. 07/2010 2. How shell plate functions and give description. 07/2010 3. Given five Definition: chamber, rise of flooretc 07/2010 4. Crude Oil Washing procedure and precaution. 07/2010 5. A vessel with negative GM regarded as unstable. State the reason why a vessel having initial small negative GM will not capsize. Hence, what will be the state of the vessel? 07/10 03/09 6. Explain the enhanced survey and which kind of ships need to be survey? 07/2010 7. What is the meaning of stripping crude oil, draw a diagram of systemic procedure of stripping 03/2010, 11/08 8. Before and during loading/discharging very high-density bulk cargo, state cautions to ship and crew. 03/2010, 11/08 07/07 9. General cargo state reasons to cause damage during loading and stowage, how to minimize damage. 03/2010, 11/08 10. Stern frame and rudder in vicinity easy to rush, why? And how to minimize? 03/2010, 11/08 11. How slack tank affect stability? Answer with diagram. 03/2010, 11/08 12. Draw a section of steel hatch cover that you are familiar. State advantages, how hatch cover made watertight? 03/2010 11/08 13. A) Name five lashing gear for securing deck containers. 03/2009 B) Describe how you would secure the 4th tier of container. 14. Describe the period of survey, which need to be check. State the dry dock survey which need to check 03/2009 15. Whats the meaning of stability 2008 16. Static electricity of tanker and how it affects the tank and how to ground it. 2008 17. Draw a transverse cross section of a new built oil tanker showing the structures. Compare it with and old oil tanker that is built before 1996. What is the difference? 07/07 18. What is the precaution of 07/07 a) Welding work in Confined Space b) Repair the Fire main on open deck 19. Define the following terms: 07/07 i) Broken Stowage ii) Deadweight iii) Moisture migration iv) Explosive limit

Part A 1. Containership 07/2010 Load containers: 2nd tier in hold x X 1st tier on deck x X 2nd tier on deck x X Consume all fuel in No. 2 and 3. FOT 96% full From booklet, find KG + KM a) Find final meta-centric height b) Find mean draft c) How fuel affect on stability during voyage 2. Given data 07/2010 a) Find change of trim b) Find resultant list angle. 3. State the ship what kind stress will face and which kind ship structure to combat this stress. 07/2010 (seamanship techniques 3rded, P.22) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Beam knees; resist racking, heavy weights and localized stresses. Beams; resist racking, water pressure, longitudinal torsional stresses and local stresses due to weight. Bulkheads; resist racking stresses, water pressure, drydocking, heavy weights, hogging and sagging, torsion stress and shear forces. Decks; resist hogging and sagging, shearing, bending, heavy weights, and water pressure. Floors; resist water pressure, drydocking stresses, heavy weights, local stresses, racking, vibration and pounding. Frames; resist water pressure, panting, drydocking and racking stresses. Longitudinal Girders; resist hogging and sagging, water pressure, drydocking and pounding stresses, and localized shearing stresses. Examples keel, keelsons, fore and aft members, intercostals. Pillars; resist stress caused by heavy weights, racking, drydocking and water pressure. Shell plating; compensates for all stresses affecting the vessel.

8. 9.

Part B 1. Why bulk carrier need to ballast on top wing tank. 07/2010 To raise the center of gravity if applicable 2. How shell plate functions and give description. 07/2010 (seamanship techniques 3rded, P.22)

Steel plates of various size, which, when joined together form the sides of the ships hull. Plates are generally of an increased thickness (increased scantlings) in and about the keel area. The Garboard strake and the Sheer strake are also increased in thickness compared to other shell plates. Shell plating compensates for all stresses affecting the vessel. Where localised stresses are experienced as with shell doors then increased scantlings can be expected to provide the continuity of strength required. Shell plates can be identified by inspection of the shell expansion plan. 3. Given five Definition: camber, rise of flooretc 07/2010

Ahead: Right ahead is the line the fore and aft line, if projected, would extend in front of the vessel Amidships: The middle of the vessel in both transverse and longitudinal directions. Athwartships: Defined as in a direction from one side of the ship to the other, at right- angles to the fore and aft line. Extreme Breadth: The maximum beam of the vessel measured from the outside edge of the shell plating on either side of the vessel is the extreme breadth Moulded Breadth: The beam of the vessel measured amidships, between the inside edge of the shell plating on either side of the vessel, is the moulded breadth

Camber (or round of beam): The curvature of the deck in the athwartships direction.The measurement is made by comparing height of deck at the centre of the vessel to height of deck at the side of the vessel Extreme Depth: The extreme depth of the vessel is measured from the bottom side of the keel to the top of the deck beams, the measurement being taken at the side of the vessel. Moulded depth: The moulded depth is measured from the top side of the keel to the top of the deck beams, at the side of the vessel.

Flare: The outward curvature of the shell plating in the foremost part of the vessel, providing more width to the focsle head and at the same time helping to prevent water coming aboard. Fore and Aft Line: An imaginary line passing from the stem to the stern through the centre of the vessel Freeboard: This is the vertical distance, measured at the ships side, from the waterline to the top of the freeboard deck edge.The freeboard measurement is taken at the midships point. Deck edge is marked by a painted line 25 mm 100 mm, above the plimsoll line. Keel Rake: The inclination of the line of the keel to the horizontal ( Length between Perpendiculars (LBP): The distance between the ford and aft perpendiculars. Length Overall (LOA): The maximum length of the vessel measured from the extreme ford point of the vessel to the extreme after point Perpendiculars: A perpendicular drawn to the waterline from a point on the summer load- line where it intersects the stempost is called the forward perpendicular (FP). A perpendicular drawn to the waterline at a point where the after side of the rudder post meets the summer waterline is called the aft perpen- dicular (AP). If a rudder post is not fitted, then it is drawn from the centre of the rudder stock. Rise of Floor: This is the rise of the bottom shell plating above the base line (taken from the top edge of the keel) Sheer: This is the curvature of the deck in the fore and aft direction, measured as the height of the deck at various points above the height of the deck at the midships point Ships Beam: The widest part of the ship in the transverse athwartships direction Stem Rake: The inclination of the stem line to the vertical. Tumblehome: The inward curvature of the ships side shell plating above the summer loadline Bulkhead Deck: Defined as the uppermost deck to which the watertight bulkheads are taken to.

4. 5.

Crude Oil Washing procedure and precaution. 07/2010 A vessel with negative GM regarded as unstable. State the reason why a vessel having initial small negative GM will not capsize. Hence, what will be the state of the vessel? 07/2010 (Ship`s stability for Master & Mate P.276)

When a ship with negative initial metacentric height is inclined to a small angle, the righting lever is negative, resulting in a capsizing moment. and it can be seen that the ship will tend to heel still further. At a large angle of heel the centre of buoyancy will have moved further out the low side and the force of buoyancy can no longer be considered to act vertically upwards though M, the initial metacentre. If, by heeling still further, the centre of buoyancy can move out far enough to lie vertically under G the centre of gravity, the righting lever and thus the righting moment, will be zero. The angle of heel at which this occurs is referred to as the angle of loll and may be defined as the angle to which a ship with negative initial metacentric height will lie at rest in still water. If the ship should now be inclined to an angle greater than the angle of loll, the righting lever will be positive, giving a moment to return the ship to the angle of loll. From this it can be seen that the ship will oscillate about the angle of loll instead of the upright. 6. Explain the enhanced survey and which kind of ships need to be survey? 07/2010

Res. 4744(18) Bulk carriers and oil tankers shall be subject to an enhanced programme of inspections. They are therefore not applicable for oil tankers and bulk carriers and tankers that are not seagoing and therefore do not have SOLAS certificates (and IOPP certificates for tankers).They are also not applicable to ships below convention size (i.e. bulk carriers below 500 tons and tankers below 150 tons even though they may be seagoing).