Unit 1 : Overview of Database Fundamentals

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Topics
Need for databases Database Application Areas Basic concepts and definition Data Vs. Information Metadata Database Design Data Model

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Introduction
Need for databases Database System Applications
Customer Relationship Management Sales On-Line retailers Manufacturing Human resources

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Database Application Areas

Banks

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Database Application Areas

Travel

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Database Application Areas

Finance

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Database Application Areas

Universities

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Database Application Areas

Libraries

http://www.easylib.com/
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Database Application Areas

Enterprises

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Database Application Areas

Any application area using computers is quite likely to be using databases as well.

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Basic Concepts and Definitions

Database Management System :
It is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data.

Database :
An organized collection of logically related data.

Data :
Facts, Text, graphics Images, sound and video segments that have meaning in the users environment.

http://www.ibnlive.com/ Information :
Data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the knowledge of the person who uses the data.

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Data Vs Information
Information is what you want; Data is what you get.
Name John Cook Matthew Smith Emily Coffey Mary France Address 255 Main St. 43 First Ave. 2 Meadow Ln. 43 Strawberry Rd. Phone Number 543-7885 423-4567 978-2346 231-5926 E-mail jcook@aol.com matt@yahoo.com emilyc@hotmail.co m mfrance@aol.com

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Graphical displays turn data into useful information that managers can use for decision making and interpretation
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Metadata
Data that describe the characteristics of other data. properties or

Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types, field sizes, allowable values, and data context
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View of Data
Schemas
The overall design of the database is called the database schema.

View 1 Data Abstraction 1. View Level 2. Logical Level 3. Physical Level

View 2

View n

Global Conceptual Schema

Physical Schema

Physical Database
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Database Design
The database design provides a means to represent the real world entities in a form that can be processed by a computer.

Real World system

Database Model

Database Representation

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Database Design
Captures and represents associations relationships among the real world objects. Capture flow of information Benefits of a good design
Maintainability, Scalability, Reliability

and

Design Process
Step 1: Specifications of User Requirements Step 2: Choice of Data Model -> Conceptual Design Step 3: Specification of Functional Requirements Step 4: Logical Design Phase Step 5: Physical Design Phase
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Data Models
A database model is a specification describing how a database is structured and used A data model says what information is to be contained in a database, how the information will be used, and how the items in the database will be related to each other Objective of Data Modeling
Understanding of meaning semantics of data Facilitate communication about information requirements

Data Modeling ensures

Clear understanding of each users perspective of the data The nature of the data itself, independent of its physical representations Use of data across application areas
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Overview of Data Models

E R Model Hierarchical Model Network Model Relational Model Object Based Data Model Object Relational Model Semi-structured Data Model

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Evolution of Database System

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A quick recap
Need for databases Database Application Areas Basic concepts and definition Data Vs. Information Metadata Database Design Data Model

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Question time
Please try to limit the questions to the topics discussed during the session. Thank you.

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