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Production Optimisation
Lecture 12a: Gas Lift - Section 4 Designing Continuous Flow Gas Lift Installation
Recommended R d dT Text: t A Artificial tifi i l Lift Methods, M th d Kermit E. Brown, Volume 2a PennWell Publishing Co, Tulsa, OK, 1980
Akim Kabir Senior Lecturer Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin University of Technology
Aug 2008
Section 4 Continuous Flow Design
Slide 1
Gas Lift
Mandrel Depths
DEPTH (FT T TVD)
Fluid Level
Casing pressure
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
SIBHP
FBHP
Slide 2
Gas Lift
TUBING PRESSURE, Pt
CASING PRESSURE, Pc
1000
Dummy
L
Valve 1 D Valve 2 Valve 3 Valve 4 Valve 5
DEPTH
Dummy
Slide 3
Gas Lift
1500
2000
3500
More hardware means more $ and more leak potential but I the In th example l on the th left, if we only set one orifice valve in the bottom mandrel, we would need on surface a CHP of 1000 psig (dashed thick line) to unload l d th the well. ll With the unloading valves, a CHP of 600 psig is sufficient (dotted line) CAPEX savings on compression
Slide 4
Gas Lift
For the Production Pressure Operated valve (PPO) the above process is done automatically as long as the maximum gaslift pressure is available. For the Injection j Pressure Operated p Valve (IPO) ( ) the gaslift g pressure p had to be reduced (or it does by itself) to close the shallower valves and need to operate at lower operating system press to keep the shallower valves closed.
Slide 5
Gas Lift
Fluid Level
Dummy
500
CASING PRESSURE
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 6
SIB BHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 7
SIB BHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
V l 1 Valve
2500
3000
3500
Slide 8
SIBHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
3000
3500
Slide 9
SIB BHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
Valve 1 closed
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 10
S SIBHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
V l 1 Valve
Valve 1 Closed
1500
Valve 2 closed
2000
CHP decreased further till valve 3 closed Lift gas injected at orifice SIBHP
2500
3000
3500
Slide 11
Gas Lift
Fluid Level
D Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 12
SIBH HP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 13
SIBHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
D Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 14
SIBH HP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy y
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 15
SIBHP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
D Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 16
SIBH HP
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
D Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 17
SIBH HP
Gas Lift
PPO G/L Valve Lift Gas starts entering at the last mandrel
PRODUCED FLUID 0 0 CASING PRESSURE
INJECTION GAS
Dummy
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
3000
3500
Slide 18
Gas Lift
INJECTION GAS
Dummy y
500
Dummy
1000
Valve 1
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Slide 19
Gas Lift
PRESSURE (PSI)
Orifice
FBHP P
Slide 20
SIBHP P
Gas Lift
500
2000
PPO-3
Orifice
2500
3000
3500
Slide 21
SIBHP
Gas Lift
Depth
Transfer Pressure
Qgas
Top Valve
Bottom Valve
Pressure
B
Slide 22
Gas Lift
Definitions
Kick-off Pressure (Pko) Pko = Psystem safety factor This can be used for unloading g a well
1000
Surface Operating Pressure (Pso) Pressure that can be maintained at the well-site to operate the gas lift valve. Pso = Pko safety f t f factor t Normally a GLed well operates with a CHP = Pso or less. Operating Differential (Pdiff) It is the difference between operating gas inj. press. at depth (Pc) and established flowing tubing pressure at depth (Pt) Point of Balance Pwf Pr
2000
Pdiff
2500
3000
Point of Balance
3500
Mid Perforation
Section 4 Continuous Flow Design
Slide 23
Gas Lift
PRESSURE (PSI)
0 0 500
500
1500
2000
Pdiff
2500
3000
Point of Balance
3500
Pwf
Pr
Slide 24
Gas Lift
CLASS EXERCISE #2
Tubing ID = 3, 100% Oil (35 API) Depth = 8000, Desired Qo= 4000 b/d Desired THP= 100 psig, Rs= 200 scf/bbl Pr (at 8000) = 2900 psig Gas Gravity = 0.65
DEPTH (F FT TVD)
Pso = 1200 psig PI = 5 bbl/psi/d Bottom hole Temp = 160 F Flowing THT = 120 F Pdiff
Point of Gas Inj
Assume Pdiff = 100 psi Gas Compress. Factor, z = 0.88 Kill fluid gradient = 0.5 psi/ft
Point of Balance
Mid Perforation
Section 4 Continuous Flow Design
Pwf
Pr
Gas Lift
Calculation Steps p
Plot depth scale on vertical Plot p pressure scale on horizontal Plot Pr From PI calculate press. drawdown req. Calculate Pwf Draw the static gradient line from SBHP (Kill Fluid Grad.) From Pwf draw a gradient line for Oil (R 200) (Rs=200) Mark Pso Draw casing pressure line from Pso down to flowing gradient line Mark point of balance / pt. of GI Plot FTHP at 0 depth Find GLR to connect FTHP with to the point of gas injection Find Qg necessary for lifting Find correct orifice size Calculate Point of gas injection Gas Volme Port Size Slide 26
CLASS EXERCISE #2
Tubing ID = 3, 100% Oil (35 API) Depth = 8000, Desired Qo= 4000 b/d Desired THP= 100 psig, Rs= 200 scf/bbl Pr (at 8000) = 2900 psig Gas G Gravity G = 0.65 Pso = 1200 psig PI = 5 bbl/d/psi Bottom B tt h hole l Temp T = 160 F Flowing THT = 120 F Assume Pdiff = 100 psi Gas Compress. Compress Factor, Factor z = 0.88 0 88 Kill fluid gradient = 0.5 psi/ft
Gas Lift
Slide 27
Gas Lift
2.5 inches 1000 BPD 50 % 35 35 300 scf/bbl 290 psig = 7000 feet
Draw a vertical line from 290 psig to intersect the 300 GLR line Draw a horizontal from this intersection point to intersect the depth axis, in this case 2230 ft Since the starting point is 2230 ft, 2230 + 7000 = 9230 ft Draw a horizontal line at 9230 ft to intersect the 300 GLR line Draw a vertical line up to the pressure scale. The flowing pressure for these given condition at 7000 ft is 2200 psig
Slide 28