Fasa

Development and Validation of Conceptual Designs

Perancangan Konsep Produk

Daftar persyaratan ( Spesifikasi Produk ) Requirement List

Mengembangkan solusi utama Mengidentifikasi masalah-masalah penting Menentukan struktur fungsi produk Mencari prinsip-prinsip kerja produk subfungsi Mencari dan memilih kombinasi prinsip-prinsip kerja Membentuk beberapa alternatif produk ( varian ) Evaluasi terhadap kriteria teknis & ekonomis

Konsep Produk ( solusi )

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Problem of Design Methodology

Renault Modus

Mercedes C-Klasse

Porsche 911

Purpose of the function structure

Purpose of the function structure: Breaking down of a complex problem into problems that seem managable Representation of logical interrelationships The function structure is solution neutral!
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Menyusun struktur fungsi

Struktur fungsi disusun dengan memecah dari keseluruhan fungsi (fungsi utama) menjadi 6 subfungsi

Establishing a Function Structure: Main Flow

machine, apparatus, device

General Function
Input
energy material signal

Output
energy material signal

Conversion of energy, material and signals. Solution still unknown. Task or function can be described via the input and output.

Establishinga FunctionStructure: Symbols

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System: Examples

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Function Synthesis
Function synthesis : To obtain clear tasks, the purpose (overall function) is broken down into sub-functions. These sub-functions can be reduced to elementary functions. For realization of the overall function the subfunctions are linked via relations. The result is the function structure.
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Function: Sorting of Crown Seal

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Terms: Function Synthesis

Function General and desired input/output relationship of a system with the purpose to perform a task
Overall function Function considering the task in its entirety Sub-function Function considering a sub-task Main function Subfunction directly serving the overall function Auxiliary function Subfunction supporting the main function and thus only indirectly serving the overall function. Elementary function Function that cannot be further divided and is generally applicable Function structure Combination of subfunctions into an overall function

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Generally Valid Functions

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acc. to Pahl/Beitz

Establishing a Function Structure

1. Word the purpose 2. Identify the main flow 3. Establish the main function (corresponds to the description of the purpose) 4. Subdivide the overall function into few/significant subfunctions 5. Identify possible auxiliary functions 6. Identify possible subsidiary flows
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Function: Sorting of Lids

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Establishing the Function Structure

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Establishing the Function Structure

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Establishing the Function Structure

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Establishing a Function Structure

Statements Often, the first function structure for an overall function can be developed by a close look. The more complex a task is, the more it should be broken down, if necessary, down to the elementary function. The subfunctions have to be described as detailed as possible, but always solution-neutral: dry sand, heat water. By varying the arrangement of subfunctions new function structures are generated. From one task can often be described by more than one function structure.

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Development and Validation of Conceptual Designs

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Function, Physical Effect, Principle Solution

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Development and Validation of Conceptual Designs

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General Methods for Finding Solutions

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Finding Partial Solutions

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Size of Technical System

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Plant : Example

Refinery

PeopleMover System

28 www.ikt.rwth_aachen.de

Assemblies and Components

Source: MZ-B Vertriebs GmbH

Source: www.motorradtechnikbarnim.de
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Finding Solutions

How can I find a solution?

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Necessary Abilities for Problem Solving

Problem solving requires a minimum of intelligence and creativity.

Ability of comprehension and understanding as well as judging. => ANALYTICA

ANALYTICALCreative force, which generates new or yet unknown interrelationships. => INTUITIVE
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Decision Behavior
In addition to a well structured expert knowledge, an orderly approach and a targetoriented creativity ones decision behavior is important: Recognition of dependencies Assessing importance and priority Steadiness and flexibility Coping with failures
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General Methods for Finding Solutions

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Discursive methods: The Safe Way

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Discursive Methods: Physical Interrelationships

Solution finding Method According to Koller The most effective form of searching for solutions for technical tasks is taking a look at the physical interrelationships.
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Physical Effect

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Catalogues of Physical Effects

Catalogues of physical effects enable the engineer to work even without a deep knowledge of physics

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Increase/Decrease Energy Components

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Elementary Functions: Energy

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Elementary Functions: Material

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El. Functions: Connecting Energy and Material

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Elementary Functions: Signals

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Elementary Functions: Signals

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Example: Function Structure

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Effect Carrier: Store Energy

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Discursive Methods: Physical Interrelationships

The most effective form of searching for solutions for technical tasks is taking a look at the physical interrelationships.

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Physical Effect
The realization of a function is based on the application of physical effects. The physical effect is described by physical laws. It is possible that several physical effects are needed for the realization of a function. Different physical effects can be applied for the realization of the same function.
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Catalogues of Physical Effects

Catalogues of physical effects enable the engineer to work even without a deep knowledge of physics

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Effect Carriers for Physical Effects

The realization of the chosen physical effects is accomplished by means of effect carriers

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Basic Statements about Effect Carriers

The effect carrier is the material used for the conversion of the physical effect into a technical artefact. Different effect carriers can be applied with the same effects for realization of the same task.

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Variation: phys. Effect; Effect Carrier

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Working Surfaces

In order to realize the physical effect, the effect carrier must be provided with working surfaces. The embodiment of the working surfaces of the effect carrier enforces the physical effect.

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Solution Principle

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Definition: Solution Principle

The solution principle includes the indication of the physical effect, the effect carrier and the qualitative embodiment parameters of the working location needed for the realization of the function.

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Robust Concept
Strictly choose a robust concept: tolerant towards varying boundary conditions tolerant towards varying production quality simple geometryof working surfaces(macro-and micro-geometry), as few system elements as possible
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Influences on the Concept Choice

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Variation of Working Surfaces and Working Motions

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Example: Variation of Position

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Example: Variation of Phys. Effect/EffectCarrier

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Example: Variation of Position and Shape

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Solution Principle

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Example: Enlargingthe solutionfield

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Principle Solutions Join Materials

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acc. to Koller

Example: Variation of Working Surface

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