Delhi Public School Ghaziabad Model United Nations 2013

Rules of Procedure

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Table of Contents
Contents I. GENERAL REMARKS................................................................................ 3 II. AGENDA...............................................................................6 III. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS .................................................... 7 IV. POINTS ......................................................................... 11 V. MOTIONS.......................................................................... 13 VI. RESOLUTIONS.................................................................. 17 VII. VOTING ...........................................................................26 APPENDIX A: PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS ............................ 30 APPENDIX B: OPERATIVE/PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES LIST- 32 APPENDIX C: DRAFT RESOLUTION SAMPLE.......................... 34 APPENDIX D: Position Paper Sample ................................. 37

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I. GENERAL REMARKS Rule 1: Scope The committee Executive Board reserves the right to use its discretion to alter the Rules of Procedure for the purposes or facilitating constructive debate and/or addressing certain unanticipated situations. Rule 2: Language English shall be the official and working language of the conference at all times, both in formal and informal sessions. Delegates are strongly discouraged from using their respective native dialects during committee sessions, as it may hinder effective communication. Rule 3: Decorum Delegates are to conduct themselves as diplomats at all times and shall show courtesy to other Delegates, the Secretariat, Executive Board and Conference Staff of the venue and shall at all times present themselves in formal business attire or the national dress of their representing country in the conference. The Executive Board will immediately call to order any delegate who fails to comply with this rule and may issue penalties as seen fit. The Secretary-General may expel any delegate for failing to adhere to this rule.

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Rule 4: Representation Each member state will be represented by only one delegate and will have one vote in each Committee. Rule 5: Participation of Non-Members (Observers) Representatives of Accredited Observers will have the same rights as those of full members, except that they may not vote on substantive matters i.e. draft resolutions and amendments. These representatives reserve the right to vote only on procedural matters. Rule 6: Attendance At the beginning of the opening session and other sessions, the Vice-Chair will call on Member States and Accredited Observers in English alphabetical order to state their attendance. Members will reply present or present and voting, where present and voting means that the Member State cannot abstain on the substantive vote. Observers may only reply present. Rule 7: Quorum Quorum denotes the minimum number of delegates who need to be present in order to open debate. A majority of the expected members (one half of the total plus one) of a committee shall be present for committee session to be

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opened. A quorum is required to have a substantive vote, i.e. to vote on a resolution and/or amendment. Rule 8: Statements by the Secretariat The Secretary-General, or any member of the Secretariat may at any time reserve the right to make either written or oral statements to any of the committees. Rule 9: General Powers of the Executive Board The Executive Board generally consists of the Chairperson/President and Vice-Chairperson/Vice-President. The Executive Board has certain powers and functions, including, but not limited to: Ensuring that all debate is governed by the Rules of Procedure. Maintaining the decorum of the committee. Advising delegates on substantive and procedural matters. In the exercise of these functions, the Executive Board will be at all times subject to these rules and responsible to the Secretary-General.

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II. AGENDA Rule 10: Agenda The Secretariat shall communicate the agenda to the delegates before the conference. Rule 11: Revision of the Agenda Additional items of important and urgent nature may be placed on the agenda during any regular session by the Secretary General, who may do so at his discretion.

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III. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS Rule 12: Motion to Open/Reopen the Speakers List After the Agenda has been determined, one continuously open Speakers List will be established for the purpose of general debate using this motion. This motion shall be accepted automatically by the Chair. Speakers may speak generally on the agenda being considered and may address any draft resolution currently on the floor. By default, debate automatically closes when the Speakers List is exhausted. Delegates wishing to be added to the Speakers List may do so by raising their respective placards. The Chair shall select a number of delegates to be added to the Speakers List by his/her discretion. After a sufficient number of speakers are chosen, the Chair shall deem the Speakers List closed. The Speakers List may be reopened at any later time during the conference. To do so, a delegate must raise a Motion to Reopen the Speakers List. This motion shall be accepted by the Chair by his/her discretion. Rule 13: Speeches A delegate may only address the committee with the prior permission of the Executive Board. The Chair may call a speaker to order if his/her remarks are not relevant to the

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subject under discussion, or are offensive to Committee members or Executive Board.

Rule 14: Motion to Set Speaker's Time By default, the Speaking Time is 90 seconds. However, delegates can raise a Motion to Set Speaker's Time to alter the same. This motion requires a second to be put to vote. This motion may be raised prior or during the course of the Speakers List and shall be put to immediate vote. A simple majority is required for this motion to come into effect. When a delegate exceeds the allotted time, the Chair may call the delegate to order. The Chair may allow a delegate to utilize extra time, but within reason. Rule 15: Yields A delegate granted the right to speak in general debate may yield after his/her speech in one of three ways: Yield to another delegate. His or her remaining time will be given to that delegate, who may not make any further yields. Yield to points of information/questions. The delegate may be subjected to points of information posed by fellow delegates. The Chair shall select questioners as per his/her discretion.

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 Yield to the Chair. Such a yield should be made if the delegate does not wish to yield to points of information or another delegate. The Chair will then move to the next speaker on the speakers list. Delegates must declare any yield by the conclusion of his or her speech. If the delegate exceeded the time limit, the Chair may deny that delegate the right to yield. Also, yields are not in order during moderated caucus. Rule 16: Right of Reply A delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another delegate may submit a Right of Reply only in writing to the Executive Board. The Chair will grant the Right of Reply at his/her discretion. A Right of Reply may only be used to express a delegates grievances regarding the pertinent statements/comments. It may not be used to censure another delegate or to address the agenda. A Right of Reply to a Right of Reply is out of order. Rule 17: Appeal to the Chairs decision If a delegate feels that the Chair has made an incorrect ruling, he/she may raise an Appeal to the Chairs Decision. The delegate can only appeal a ruling immediately after it has been pronounced. Once the motion is acknowledged, the Chair will step back and the Vice-Chair will take charge and send for the Secretary General. The Secretary General will

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hear from both the delegate and the Chair before making a decision. An Appeal should only be raised when the delegate believes that the ruling is a crucial one and merits reconsideration. An Appeal may refer to a derogatory action.

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IV. POINTS Rule 18: Point of Personal Privilege During the discussion of any matter, whenever a delegate experiences any personal discomfort, the delegate may raise a Point of Personal Privilege, and the Chair shall immediately address the point. A Point of Personal Privilege must refer to a matter of physical discomfort, safety and/or well being of the members of the committee only. The Chair may refuse to recognize a Point of Personal Privilege if the delegate has not shown proper restraint and decorum, or if the point is dilatory in nature. While a Point of Personal Privilege in extreme case may interrupt a speaker at any time, delegates should use this power with the utmost discretion. Rule 19: Point of Order During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise to a Point of Order to indicate an instance of improper parliamentary procedure OR a factual error. The Point of Order will be immediately decided by the Chair in accordance with these rules of procedure. The Chair may rule out those points that are improper or irrelevant. While a Point of Order may interrupt a speaker, delegates should use this power most selectively.

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Rule 20: Point Of Information After a delegate gives a speech, and if the delegate yields their time to Points of Information, a Point of Information can be raised by delegates from the floor. Points of Information are directed to the speaker and allow other delegates to ask questions in relation to speeches and resolutions. The Chair may use his/her discretion to register a Point of Information as valid or not. If the point is valid, it shall be directed to the speaker, who may choose to answer the question orally or in written. A delegate may rise for a Plea to Follow-up if his/her question has not been answered properly and a follow up is required for clarification. A plea to follow up is subject to the discretion of the Chair. The Chair may pose a question to the speaker, if the chair believes that the question is of utmost importance. Rule 21: Point of Inquiry When the floor is open, a delegate may rise to a Point of Inquiry to ask the Chair a question regarding the rules of procedure. A Point of Inquiry may never interrupt a speaker and may not be used to address the agenda. Delegates with substantive questions should not rise to this Point, but should rather approach the executive board during unmoderated caucus or send a note to the Dias.

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V. MOTIONS Rule 22: Motion to Suspend Debate (Motion to Caucus) Upon the recommendation of the Chair or any delegate, the committee may consider a Motion to Suspend Debate for the purpose of a moderated or unmoderated caucus. This motion shall be put to vote immediately after its proposal and requires simple majority to pass. This motion requires a second and the consent of the Chair. In the event of multiple Motions to Suspend Debate, the Chair shall rank the motions in decreasing order of precedence and the committee shall vote upon the motion accordingly. By default, an un-moderated caucus is given higher priority over a moderated caucus and a motion with a longer time limit is given higher priority. Moderated Caucus: The purpose of a moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate on particular important aspects of the agenda or resolution. The delegate making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty minutes, and a time limit for the individual speeches. During a moderated caucus, the Chair shall select delegates as per his/her discretion to

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speak in the caucus. By default, the delegate who proposes this motion is the first-speaker. Delegates are generally not permitted to speak multiple times in a moderated caucus. During moderated caucus, yields shall be out of order. A moderated caucus may be extended only once. Un-moderated Caucus: Un-moderated caucuses allow delegates to have informal discussions, usually for the purpose of lobbying or formation of draft resolutions. The delegate making the motion must explain the purpose for the unmoderated caucus and specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed twenty minutes. During this period, delegates are permitted to freely move about the committee hall and may personally interact with each other. They may also approach the Executive Board members to seek clarifications or leave the committee hall. However, they must do so in a manner that is dignified and proper. An un-moderated caucus may be extended only twice. Rule 23: Motion to Table Debate/Resume Debate During the discussion of any matter, the committee may consider a Motion to Table Debate on the item under discussion at the recommendation of the Chair or any delegate. This motion requires a second and the consent of the Chair. This motion is debatable to the extent of one

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speaker in favour and one speaker opposed. After discussion on the motion, it shall be immediately put to vote and requires two-thirds majority to pass. If a motion to table debate is passed, the topic is considered tabled and no further actions or votes will be taken on it. To reintroduce a tabled topic, a Motion to Resume Debate must be proposed a passed. This motion also requires a second and requires a two-thirds majority for passage. Rule 24: Motion for Closure of Debate A delegate may at any time propose a Motion for Closure of Debate on the item under discussion, after which debate will end and all draft resolutions and amendments will be put to an immediate vote. This motion requires a second and the consent of the Chair. Permission to speak on the closure of debate shall be accorded only to two speakers opposing the closure, after which the motion shall be immediately put to a vote. This motion requires a two-thirds majority decision. Upon passage of this motion the Chair shall declare the closure of debate and immediately move into voting procedure on the substantive proposals introduced and pending before the committee. The committee shall also close debate and move into voting procedure when the speakers list has been exhausted.

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Rule 25: Motion for Suspension or Adjournment of Meeting During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may move for the Suspension or Adjournment of Meeting. This motion requires a second and the consent of the Chair. When in order, such a motion shall not be debated but shall be immediately put to a vote and requires simple majority to pass. The Suspension of the Meeting means the postponement of all Committee functions until the next meeting. This motion is most commonly made to end committee session for purpose of lunch or any break. The Adjournment of the Meeting means the postponement of all Committee functions for the conference. This motion is most commonly made to end the final meeting of the conference.

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VI. RESOLUTIONS Rule 26: Working Papers Delegates may propose working papers for Committee consideration. Working papers are intended to aid the Committee in its discussion and formulation of draft resolutions and need not be written in resolution format. Working papers are not official documents and may be presented in any format approved by the Vice-Chair, but do require the signature of the Vice-Chair to be copied and distributed. Once distributed, delegates may consider that working paper introduced and begin to refer to that working paper by its designated number. Working papers do not require signatories or votes of approval. Rule 27: Draft Resolutions A Draft Resolution is a preliminary version or template of a formal Resolution. The content of a Draft Resolution can be freely modified by delegates in committee. In order for a Draft Resolution to be officially accepted and distributed by the Executive Board among the committee members, it should contain the following details: Topic Name List of Sponsors List of Signatories

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 Preambulatory Clauses Operative Clauses Delegates will be provided with special sheets to compose their Draft Resolutions. Rule 28: Operative and Preambulatory Clauses There are two types of clauses that constitute a Draft Resolution. A Draft Resolution must have both Preambulatory and Operative Clauses for it to be accepted by the Executive Board: Preambulatory Clauses are used to state the reasons why the committee is addressing the issue and to refer to past international action adopted on the matter. The Preambulatory Clauses may cite the UN Charter, past UN Resolutions and Conventions, statements made by the Secretary General or UN agencies and well-known facts and opinions pertaining to the agenda. Preambulatory Clauses started with special underlined phrases (known as preambulatory phrases) and are separated by commas. Operative Clauses are used to highlight the actions or recommendations made in the Resolution. Operative Clauses start with special underlined phrases (known

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as operative phrases) and are separated by semicolons. For a list of common Preambulatory and Operative Phrases, please refer to Appendix B. Rule 29: Sponsors and Signatories Delegates may sign a resolution either as a sponsor or as a signatory. Sponsors of a draft resolution are the principal authors of the document and agree with its substance. Sponsors in effect control a draft resolution and only they can approve immediate changes. The upper limit on the number of sponsors is on the discretion of the Chair. Signatories are countries that may or may not agree with the substance of the draft resolution but still wish to see it debated so that they can propose amendments. Rule 30: Amendments An amendment is a proposal that adds to, deletes from or revises part of a draft resolution. All delegates may amend any draft resolution that has been introduced. In order for an Amendment to be officially accepted by the Executive Board and discussed among the committee members, it should contain the following details:

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 Countrys Name Amendment Type Altered Content There are two types of amendments: Friendly Amendments are amendments have the unanimous support of the sponsors of the draft resolution. Such amendments may marginally change the content of the resolution, remove any grammatical or spelling errors or alter the sentence structure for the purpose of clarity. These amendments shall be adopted immediately, without vote. Unfriendly Amendments are amendments do not have the unanimous support of the sponsors of the draft resolution. Such amendments generally change the content of the resolution substantially and in a manner contrary to the wishes of the co-sponsors. These amendments shall be put to immediate vote, following general debate on the amendment in question. Both friendly and unfriendly amendments require the approval of the Chair before they can be proposed.

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Then, there are again three sub-type that need to be mentioned: Strike- It is used when we want to Delete and entire Clause completely. Here only the Clause number needs to be mentioned. Add- It is used when we wish to add an entirely New Clause. Here the new Clause needs to be mentioned. Modify- This is used when we want to slightly Modify one Clause. Here both the Original and the Modified Clause need to be mentioned. Amendments to amendments are out of order, if they change the content of the resolution. However, amendments that merely address syntactical flaws may be further amended. The Chair shall rule whether the amendment constitutes a substantive matter or a grammatical one. Rule 31: Submission of Draft Resolutions and Amendments Draft resolutions and amendments shall be submitted to the Director on the draft resolution forms and amendment sheets given to delegates in committee. All submissions must have the proper number of signatures (20 percent of countries present in committee) and should be properly formatted. The Vice-Chair may reject a Draft Resolution or Amendment for the following reasons:

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 It lacks the requisite number of signatories. It is submitted well after the deadline stipulated by the Executive Board. It contains numerous severe formatting errors. It contains content that severely breaches the mandate or principles of the United Nations. It contains content that is irrelevant to the agenda or is deemed to be poorly conceived and explained. The Vice-Chair has the authority to judge which draft resolution/amendment shall be discussed first. The criteria for this decision are in the following order or priority: Number of Signatories Quality and Quantity of Content Time of Submission The draft resolutions shall be referred to by the position in the order they are introduced. The first draft resolution introduced shall be designated as Draft Resolution 1.0, the second as Draft Resolution 2.0 and so on. The Chair may permit discussion and consideration of proposals once approved, even if the documents have not been circulated through the committee. Rule 32: Motion to Introduce Draft Resolution. Once the Vice-Chair has approved a draft resolution and it has been copied and distributed, a delegate may raise a

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Motion to Introduce Draft Resolution. The motion is automatically approved and does not require a vote. The sponsors of the draft resolution shall read out only the operative clauses of the draft resolution. They may not be subjected to Points of Information. Following the Introduction of the Draft Resolution, the sponsors shall yield to the Chair. The Chair may introduce a draft resolution on the floor by discretion due to paucity of time. In this case, the sponsors shall not read out the operative clauses, but debate will immediately begin. Rule 33: Motion to Introduce an Amendment Once the Vice-Chair has approved the amendment, a delegate may raise a Motion to Introduce an Amendment. The motion is automatically approved and does not require a vote. The Author of the amendment shall read out only there Amendment. They may not be subjected to Points of Information. Following the Introduction of the Amendment, the Author shall yield to the Chair. Rule 34: Debate on Draft Resolutions Debate on draft resolutions proceeds according to the General Speakers List for that topic area. Alternatively, a Provisional Speakers List may be introduced on the discretion of the Chair. Debate on the draft resolution shall follow given process:

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 First, the draft resolution shall be discussed as a whole. Delegates may speak on any aspects regarding the draft resolution. After general debate, the operative clauses shall be discussed separately, one by one. Delegates shall now limit their speeches and questions to pertain to the particular operative clause being discussed. During general debate on an operative clause, amendments on the given clause may be composed and sent to the Executive Board for approval. Amendments may either propose to alter the content of the operative clause or delete the clause altogether. The Executive Board shall peruse any amendments submitted to the dais and shall prioritize to decide which amendments shall be introduced first. After general debate on the operative clause, the Executive Board shall entertain amendments on the operative clause in question. Delegates shall introduce their respective amendments as per the order decided by the Executive Board. They shall be deemed as friendly or unfriendly amendments by the sponsors. If the amendment is deemed to be unfriendly, then general debate on the introduced amendment shall

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commence. Delegates may speak only on the content and nature of the amendment introduced. After general debate on the amendment is exhausted, it shall be put to an immediate vote. If it passes, then debate on the pertinent operative clause is exhausted (if the amendment is substantive) and the next operative clause shall be discussed in the same manner. If it fails, the next amendment shall be introduced. After discussion on all operative clauses is exhausted, the Executive Board shall then accept amendments that introduce operative clauses. A similar procedure shall be adopted for this stage. Finally, after the resolution and all its clauses have been discussed in entirety, the Executive Board shall entertain general debate on the amended draft resolution. Following the conclusion of discussion on the draft resolution, the committee shall move on to debate the next draft resolution (if any are on the floor). Note: To expedite the process, the Chair may limit the number of speakers that may discuss a particular clause/amendment and/or the number of amendments that may be introduced.

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VII. VOTING Rule 35: Procedural Voting Voting on any matter other than draft resolutions and amendments is considered procedural. Each and every member of the committee, including Observers must vote on all procedural motions, no abstentions will be allowed. For a motion to pass, a majority must be attained. There are two types: A simple majority shall be considered achieved when there more than half Yes votes. A two-thirds majority will require at least twice as many Yes votes than No votes. If there is not the required number of speakers for or against a motion, the motion will automatically fail or pass. Rule 36: Substantive Voting The only substantive voting will be voting on draft resolutions and amendments. After debate has been closed on the general topic area, the committee will move into substantive voting procedures and the chambers are then sealed. At that point, only the following points and motions will be entertained: Reordering Draft Resolutions Motion for a Roll Call Vote,

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 Point of Personal Privilege Point of Inquiry Point of Order. If there are no such motions, the committee will vote on all draft resolutions. For substantive voting, each member state will have one vote. Each vote may be a Yes, No, or Abstain. Members who abstain from voting are considered as not voting. All matters will be voted upon using placards by default, except if a Motion for Roll Call Vote is accepted. For an amendment or draft resolution to pass, a simple majority must be attained. Rule 37: Motion to Reorder Draft Resolutions By default, Draft Resolutions shall be voted upon in the order that they were discussed. However, if a delegate wishes to change the default order of voting, he/she may propose a Motion to Reorder Draft Resolutions. This motion shall be entertained only immediately after closure of debate and before voting has started on any draft resolutions. The procedure for the adoption of this motion is as follows: First, this motion must be formally proposed by a delegate before the Executive Board can start accepting suggestions to reorder the draft resolutions. It must receive a second. If this motion receives the simple majority required to pass, the Chair will take all motions to reorder draft

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resolutions and order them as per the time when they came to the dais. Voting will continue until either a motion passes, receiving a simple majority, or all of the motions fail. If all the motions fail, then the committee shall proceed to vote on the draft resolutions as per the original order. Only one Motion to Reorder Draft Resolutions is in order in each round of voting procedures. Rule 38: Motion for Roll Call Vote After debate is closed on any draft resolution, any delegate may propose a Motion for Roll Call Vote. Such a motion may be made from the floor, seconded by 20 percent of the member states present. A motion for a roll call vote is in order only for substantive votes. In a roll call vote, the Vice-Chair will call countries in alphabetical order. In the first sequence, delegates may vote Yes, Yes with Rights, No, No with Rights, Abstain, or Pass. Delegates who vote either Yes with Rights or No with Rights reserve the right to explain his/her vote. A delegate who passes during the first sequence of the roll call must vote during the second sequence. The same delegate may not request the right to explain his/her vote.

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 All delegates who had requested the right of explanation will be granted time to explain their votes. The speaking time will be set at the discretion of the Chair.

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APPENDIX A: PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Motions will be considered in the following order of preference. In the case of moderated and un-moderated caucusing, motions for longer caucuses shall be given higher priority: 1. Point of Personal Privilege 2. Point of Order 3. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry 4. Adjournment of the Meeting 5. Suspension of the Meeting 6. Un-moderated Caucusing 7. Moderated Caucusing 8. Introduction of Draft Resolution 9. Introduction of an Amendment 10. Tabling of Debate 12. Closure of Debate At the start of voting procedure, the following points and motions are in order, in the following order of precedence: 1. Point of Personal Privilege 2. Point of Order

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3. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry 4. Reordering Draft Resolutions 5. Division of the Question 6. Motion for a Roll Call Vote

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APPENDIX B: OPERATIVE/PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES Sample Preambulatory Phrases Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Bearing in mind Believing Confident Contemplating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Desiring Emphasizing Expecting Expressing its appreciation Expressing its satisfaction Fulfilling Fully alarmed Fully aware Fully believing Further deploring Further recalling Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having considered further Having devoted attention Having examined Having heard Having received Having studied Keeping in mind Noting with regret Noting with deep concern Noting with satisfaction Noting further Noting with approval Observing Reaffirming Realizing Recalling Recognizing Referring Seeking Taking into account Taking into consideration Taking note Viewing with appreciation

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Welcoming Sample Operative Phrases Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls Calls upon Condemns Confirms Congratulates Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Designates Draws the attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Deplores Designates Draws the attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further reminds Further recommends Further requests Further resolves Has resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Takes note of Transmits Trusts

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APPENDIX C: DRAFT RESOLUTION SAMPLE Sponsors: Romania, Serbia, United Kingdom Signatories: Brazil, China, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Iran, Myanmar, Spain, Russian Federation, Rwanda Topic: Children in Armed Conflict The UN Childrens Fund Executive Board (UNA-USA 2004) Guided by the Rome Statute adopted in 2002 to establish the ICC to punish international criminals, Declaring that an international system of justice is a sustainable way to solve the global problem of child soldiers at the source, Noting that Rome statute will be open for amendments in July of 2009, Operative Clauses 1. Urges all members of the United Nations to ratify the Rome Statute and therefore officially join the ICC; 2. Strongly suggests for the following amendments of the Rome Statute to be submitted to the Secretary General of the United Nations: a) make Article 8 b) IV that deals with the loss of life of civilians more comprehensive by specifically mentioning the loss of life of children

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b) Change Article 8b) XXVI that deals with the use of children under the age of 18 by national armed forces to state that no child under the age of 16 can, voluntarily or involuntarily, be recruited by national armed forces to participate in armed conflict in any way; 3. Further requests that the following clauses be added to the Rome Statute to make the ICC better equipped to prosecute criminals using children to their advantage in armed conflict; a) A clause stating that for rebel groups and militias to employ child soldiers under the age of 16, even if they joined voluntarily, is a punishable offence b) A clause stating that any person or organization providing weapons or any other support to a national armed force or rebel group employing child soldiers is punishable; 4. Expresses its hope that the countries who are not a party to the ICC will do their absolute best to establish local tribunals to deal with the criminals employing children in armed conflict; 5. Notes that the intention of this resolution is to provide for countries with unstable legal systems or countries who do not feel capable or unwilling to try the criminals on their own; and

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6. Decides to remain actively seized on the matter of children in armed conflict and child soldiers.

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Appendix D: Position Paper Sample Committee: International Labour Organization Topic: Globalization and Development Country: Romania In the past two decades the rapidly growing world trend has been toward globalization. With the emergence of the internet as a means of communication and the increasing accessibility of international trade physical barriers are not the only barriers withering away. Protective tariffs are plummeting and free trade agreements are becoming more prevalent. Romania appreciates that globalization creates favourable situations for expansion of commercial as well as economic assets. In the past year Romania has seen a foreign direct investment (FDI) increase of 199%. Inward FDI increased from EURO 234 million in 2005 to EURO 699 million in 2006. However, Romania realizes that increased globalization does not automatically produce more equality. Globalization and Development can contribute to the advancement of the overall international human condition; however, the delegation of Romania recognizes that without proper regulation the potential for advancement will remain limited to an elite few individuals, businesses, and nations. Unless checked and aimed toward the common good, globalization cannot effectively serve the global community. Crucial in dealing with the complexities of globalization, good governance must act with solidarity and responsibility. Romania believes that in involving people in globalization we must promote moral values, democratic principles, inclusive

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global political culture, institutions that safeguard both individual civil rights and inherent freedoms, and the common good. In addition, coping with the influx of information from globalization governments must act with solidarity and insight. Access to digital education will undoubtedly result in the confidence of citizens in their respective administrations and allow for a greater degree of transparency, and therefore a lesser degree of corruption. Romania believes the multinational business community has the ability and the obligation to support pertinent values in human rights, labor standards, and environmental preservation. As stated by the president, Mr. Traion Basescu, Romania feels a "heartfelt attachment to multilateralism, as an effective instrument designed to identify the adequate answers to the challenges brought by globalization." Romania is party to the majority of multilateral treaties and conventions identified as such by the Secretary General in the context of the Millennium Summit in 2001. Romania has always supported innovative and effective ways of establishing cooperation within and between regional organizations. As one of the newest members of the European Union, Romania is an active member of the World Trade Organization, and looks forward to offering its support to the redirection of globalization to best benefit the global community.

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