Makkah is the Center of the Earth

Dr. Salih Muhammad Awadh

Iraq , Baghdad university , faculty of science ,
Geology Dept
Translated by : Magdy Abd Al-Shafy
The layers of the earth
In this short study , when contemplating about the miracles of God
in this universe , I will show the miracles in the creation of the earth though many
people go unmindful of them . God says in the Holy Quran what means " And in the
earth are portents for those whose faith is sure " (Al-Zaryat :20) According to
seismology , the earth , from the surface to its center , is composed of three layers
and these with the secondary ones form seven layers ( figure 1) , God refers to this
wel-established fact in the Holy Quran , God says in the Holy Quran in this regard
what means ( Allah it is who hath created seven heavens, and of the earth the like
thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly, that ye may know that
Allah is Able to do all things, and that Allah surroundeth all things in knowledge ."
(56:12)

These layers are:

1-The earth Crust
It the solid part that we live on , it varies in thickness , the maximum thickness is
under the mountain while thickness is relatively smaller under oceans ; the earth
crust can be scientifically categorized into two parts :
(a) The continental crust :
It is a rocky mass varying in thickness , the rate of thickness varies between 30Km-
40Km in the continental areas while it reaches 70km under mountains
(b) The oceanic layer : it is a rocky structure encompassing the earth under oceans
and the crust ; it is not harmonious structure with relatively thickness of 6km
The mantle : it is higher in dense than all the masses of the crust , it is complex in
structure ; because of the high temperature and pressure , it is semi-rigid , it is the
source of magma , it can be divided into three parts
(a)The upper mantle which goes deep to a depth of 400km under the crust .
(b) The transformation zone which extends from 400km to 1000km
© The lower mantle which extends from 1000 km to 2900km
3-The core of the earth , it is mainly composed of iron and Nickel and it can be
divided into layers
a) The outer core which is in a liquid state , it extends from a depth of 2900km to
5080km
 (b) The interior core : it is a rigid substance and it extends from a depth of
5080 to 6371 , it is believed that the internal core is the centre of the earth .
The rock layer of the earth on which we live has never been one mass but it is
composed of what scientifically known as ( plates ) . God refers to this fact in the
Holy Quran , ( And in the Earth are neighboring tracts, vineyards and ploughed lands,
and date palms, like and unlike, which are watered with one water. And We have
made some of them to excel others in fruit. Lo! herein verily are portents for people
who have sense . ) (13-4)
These adjacent plates , that are mentioned in the Holy Quran , are that which are
scientifically approved ( figure 2) , this is , now , the most well-established and the
most scientifically well-supported fact , it is taught everywhere in the world
universities , Geology department . The most well-known earth plates are :
1. Eurasian plate covering Asia and Europe
2.African plate covering Africa
3.The Arabian plate
4.Antarctic plate covering Antarctic
5. Australian plate, covering Australia (fused with Indian plate between 50 and 55
million years ago)
6. North American Plate covering North America and north-east Siberia
7. South American plate covering South America
8. Pacific Plate covering the Pacific Plate
9. The Indian Plate
10. The Caribbean plate
11. The Philippine plate
12. Scotia

Figure (1) The scientifically- known

plates nowadays ( mentioned in the
Holy Quran as the neighboring plates

The plates motion

the earth plates relatively moves slowly and constantly , it can't be seen directly but
can be recoded with highly advanced technology ; (1M a year was reported by this
technology as regard the movement of one of these plates)and can be experienced
during earthquakes .
There are three main kinds of motions as regard the plate movement :
Convergent movement , divergent movement and transform movement, in the
divergent movement , two adjacent plate move in the opposite directions moving
away from each other and this often happens in mid-floor of seas and oceans
causing dint or protuberance and this result in the gushing out of the magma under
sea water , being molten and with high pressure , it cause large mass of water to
evaporate ; the Holy Quran has referred to this scientific fact in the following verse
(And by the sea set on fire ) (81:6)
Ocean floor rift typifies a certain kind of earthquakes followed by magma out-
break . This magma is composed of complex substance higher in density than the
rocks of the crust , scientific studies have proved that density of the upper mantle is
much higher in density than that of the earth crust ( 0.4gramme/ cm3 ) , the more
we go down , the more differences in density . The Holy Quran refers to this scientific
fact ( When Earth is shaken with her (final) earthquake and Earth yieldeth up her
burdens (99:1-2)
These magma forms what is now known as the volcanic mountains which are termed
as mid-ocean ridges, which rise over the oceans and seas water forming islands , the
earthquake and volcanoes co-occurrence can be illustrated in (figure -3) the
convergence movement means that two adjacent plate approach each other with
result that they collide with each other , as they go on colliding ,one of them or both
slidedown as far as 100Km with the result that they have their structure changed
turning into semi-molten state because of the high temperature - this process typifies
the corroding

figure 2) the locations where the last recorded quakes took place in the last
century dotted in black , these co-occur the locations of opening the mid-oceans
(oceans colored blue) and also represent the locations of crust plates collisions
( colored green) taken from (Spencer ,2003)

(Of the ends of the plates or the ends of the earth as the Holy Quran depicts , this
fact is mentioned in the Holy Quran in the following two Holy verses . God says in the
Holy Quran in this regard what means ( See they not how We visit the land, reducing
it of its outlying parts? (When) Allah doometh there is none that can postpone His
doom, and He is swift at reckoning. " (13:41)
Also God says also in the Holy Quran what means "Nay, but We gave these and their
fathers ease until life grew long for them. See they not how we visit the land,
reducing it of its outlying parts? Can they then be the victors? " (21:44)
A plate might slide over the other forming structural mountains , these moves with
the plates; these means that these mountains moves and that what the Holy Quran
refers to , God says in the Holy Quran what means ( And when the hills are
moved) (81:3)
Also God says in the Holy Quran what means " Had it been possible for a Lecture to
cause the mountains to move, or the earth to be torn asunder, or the dead to speak,
(this Quran would have done so). Nay, but Allah's is the whole command. Do not those
who believe know that, had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? As for
those who disbelieve, disaster ceaseth not to strike them because of what they do, or
it dwelleth near their home until the threat of Allah come to pass. Lo! Allah faileth
not to keep the tryst."
Also God says in the Holy Quran what means "And (bethink you of) the Day when We
remove the hills and ye see the earth emerging, and We gather them together so as
to leave not one of them behind.( 18:47)
Earth quakes and volcanoes eruptions accompany the collision of the plates , the
same thing happens in the transform movement which cause fissures as long as it goes
lengthwise ; this is also a proof that plates are in continuous motion since they were
first formed up till now .
The movement of the earth plate reasons
The reason for the motion of the plates lies in the mantle under the crust whose
thickness reaches 2800 km ,it is composed of rocky complex silicon material ,
partially or wholly molten, yet it is not in a liquid state but rather in a very viscous
state with high temperature and pressure , it is well established that the deeper ,
the hotter inside the earth ; so the temperature of the lower parts in the mantle is
higher than the upper , because of the variance of temperature between the plates
of the earth , the giant convective currents take place moving from the lower parts
to the upper parts circularly –because of the difference in density - carrying up the
hotter substance and then the less hot substances goes down because of its high
density and weight , this process is constant and continuous (Figure -4) , the
convective currents press hard on the earth crust over it causing it to move in any of
the ways already mentioned motions
 ( Figure -3) the convective currents in
the mantle between the crust and the
core

The movement of the earth plate is

accurately calculated and compact; it keeps the mass of the earth and surface area ,
in the time when the end of one of the sunken plate wears away (or shrink in size ) a
new rocky substance is generated in the facing end (mid-ocean ridges ) . These keep
the gravity among space masses and keep these objects going in their orbits , this
highly perfected accuracy can't be a mere chance –The earth –a simple creatures - is
among the many creatures of The Omnipotent -God omnipotence is infinite, God says
in the Holy Quran what mean " And they esteem not Allah as He hath the right to be
esteemed, when the whole earth is His handful on the Day of Resurrection, and the
heavens are rolled in His right hand. Glorified is He and High Exalted from all that
they ascribe as partner (unto Him) ( 39:67)
Mecca Location in the light of the plate movement through the geological ages
Geologists divides the historical geology of the earth into many divisions and
subdivision to make it understandable when talking about a certain period of the
earth age , the earth's age is estimated to be 4.5 billions years ,the earth age extends
from the Cambrian age till the modern age , since this age , the earth plates have
been moving continuously changing their shapes and locations and even their numbers
– some of them were broken forming new plates while others were joined together .
It is scientifically –established that the earth plates , through the long geological age
, have been moving regularly around the Arabian plate ;these plates constantly
converge towards it as if they pointed to it . Scientific studies affirm and attest
these facts though not published to discuss the convergence of the plates towards
the Arabian plate but published with irrelevant aims .
(Figure -5) shows the movement of the Indian plate according to magnetic anomalies
estimations regarding the floor of Indian ocean , it also shows the different locations
that both the Indian and sir lanka plates occupied over the span of the last 71
millions years up till now till it seemingly took its final place that is because its
movement can't be seen and that its movement is too slow , if compared with the
human age . It is clear in (figure -5 ) that the Indian plate had moved northwards with
a slight circulation counterclockwise( figure-5) , the movement of the Arabian plate is
not taken into consideration in this figure , the location of the Saudi Arabia is a part
of the Arabian plate .
(Figure -6) shows the location of Arabian plate according to the Indian , African ,
Turkish and Iranians plates ( it was first composed of a number of parts , this figure
also shows the part middle of Iran as a separate part from the north of the west of
Iran ) and Afghanistan , (figure -6) shows the location of these plate surrounding the
Arabian plate , the dotted lines parts ( plates represented with discontinued line ) to
the earth plate during the mid Jurasic Age

figure -4) the

movement of the
Indian plate 71
millions years ago
estimated according to
the magnetic
anomalies in according
to Indian ocean bed –
the source is:(
Spencer,2003)
(( Figure 5) the movement of the
earth plates according to the
Arabian plate one million years ago
(source Forster,1978)

( that is one millions years

ago ) . when looking carefully at ( figure -6) , we will find that the Indian plate has
moved northwards counterclockwise as far as a few degrees and so did the plates of
Afghanistan , the middle and the north of the west of Iran , and Turkey
If we look at the location of the Arab plate in the one million years ago ( the part
which is represented by dots) in ( figure 6) , we will find that it has moved a little
northwards taking into consideration the movement of the far plates; it moved
around counterclockwise. We can conclude that the Arabian plate in the last million
years ( before creating the human being ) and at the present time took a mid position
among the earth plates – these plates encompass it (figure-6)
During her long time journey , the Arabian plate didn't cover along distance as it is
the center of the circulation movement, it has moved within the shorter diameter. So
it is clear that the Arabian plate is center of the earth plates ,and everywhere it goes
, it is followed by the other plates going round it regularly , each plate keeps its
constant direction towards the Arabian plate . It is well-established that Mecca where
the Moslem Kabba lies is in the Arabian plate (figure -7)
Now , if we use the same approach applied on the Arabian plate , we can say that
every thing on and in the earth directs its face to Mecca where the Moslem Kabba lies
, this system will go on , according to God's will , to a certain time assigned by God ,
this accurate unwavering system can't be out of a chance ; it is a supernatural power
that made it and is still keeping it going on – that is God , who rose the heavens with
unseen pillars .

(figure -6) the location of

the Holy Mecca in the Arabian
plate

lso God says in the Holy Quran what means " Allah is Creator of all things, and He is
Guardian over all things . "(39:62)
Also God says in the Holy Quran what means "Say (O Muhammad): Who is Lord of the
heaven and the earth? Say: Allah! Say: Take ye then (others) beside Him for
protectors, which, even for themselves, have neither benefit nor hurt? Say: Is the
blind man equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light? Or assign they unto Allah
partners Who created the like of His creation so that the creation (which they made
and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He
is the One, the Almighty " (13:62)
Also God says in the Holy Quran what means " So , now , since everything directs its
face towards the Holy Mecca , and that the Holy Kabba is the center of Mecca , we
can assuredly and scientifically say that Kabba is the center of the earth and that
everything on or under it directs its face towards it in complete submissiveness and
piety "
God says in the Holy Quran what means " Hast thou not seen that unto Allah payeth
adoration whosoever is in the heavens and whosoever is in the earth, and the sun,
and the moon, and the stars, and the hills, and the trees, and the beasts, and many
of mankind, while there are many unto whom the doom is justly due. He whom Allah
scorneth, there is none to give him honor. Lo! Allah doeth what He will." (22:18 )
God says in the Holy Quran what means " And unto Allah falleth prostrate whosoever
is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, as do their shadows in the
morning and the evening hours . " (13:15)
God says in the Holy Quran what means " And unto Allah maketh prostration
whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth of living creatures, and
the angels (also), and they are not proud (16:49)
God says in the Holy Quran what means " And of His portents (is this): that thou seest
the earth lowly, but when We send down water thereon it thrilleth and groweth. Lo!
He who quickeneth it is verily the Quickener of the dead. Lo! He is Able to do all
things ". (41:39)
God says in the Holy Quran what means " Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred
House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the
garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the
heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things.
"(5:97)
Glory be to the Creator of the Heaves and the earth , we deeply implore Him to
enlighten our dark heart with the light of his countenance that enlighten the Heavens
and the earth
God says in the Holy Quran what means " And the earth shineth with the light of her
Lord, and the Book is set up, and the Prophets and the witnesses are brought, and it
is judged between them with truth, and they are not wronged ." (39:67)
we deeply implore to him to animate our hearts with light of wisdom as he animate
the barren land with rain and to accept our deeds and acts making them only for
his pleasure
Then praise be to Allah, Lord of the heavens and Lords of the earth, the Lord of the
Worlds. And unto Him (alone) belongeth majesty in the heavens and the earth, and
He is the Mighty , the Wise . (45:36-37)