ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSCRIPTION Based on the recording, sample is proved to be an ordinary user of English.

This article contains about 100 simple words and it is easy to detect the mispronunciation by the sample. SOUNDS There is pattern of sounds that often mispronounces by the sample. This pattern is the word and. The actual pronunciation of the word and is /nd/. However, the sample pronounces this word as /end/. The same mistake is repeated in sentences 2, 3 and 12. The short front vowel / / is replaced with the front mid vowel /e/. Same goes with the word can which should be pronounced and transcribed as /kn/, not /ken/. Based on these words, we can assumed that sample is confused between the sound /e/ and the sound / /. There is one difference between these words which is the height of the tongue which these sounds are produced. /e/ is in the middle position in the mouth and / / is the lower position. The tongue height is one of the features to classify vowels (Roach, 2009). The sample is also confused between the vowels / / and / /. The sample mispronounces the word orang utans which is transcribed as /r uts/ as /r uts/. The mistakes can be detected in most of the sentences in the passage. Although the sounds are almost the same but there is a slight difference. As stated in the paragraph above, / / is short front vowel and is produced in low height of the tongue. / / is a short central vowels takes place when the tongue is mid in the mouth. Plus, this sound is articulated at the central height of the tongue (Fromkin, 2011). The second criterion to classify vowels is the position of the tongue which a sound is produced. STRESS Stress is one of the pronunciation features in English. A few errors can be detected when the sample pronounces certain words correctly from the sounds aspect but wrong from the stress aspect. Wrong stress placement of the words might indicate other meanings to the listeners. The first error is noticed when the sample pronounces the words /red./ as /red./. The difference of these two transcriptions is the placement of stress mark. The sample pronounces / red./ without stressing

the first syllable /red/ of the / red./ sound (Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary). Another mistake on stress placement made by the sample is pronouncing the word usually, /ju.u..li without stressing the first syllable /ju/. Roach (2009) states that for the three syllable words, the stress falls on the first syllable if the second and the third syllable are weak. Thus, this explains why /ju/ should be stressed . Plus, the stress placement words are determined by the class of the words. Some rules are only applied to major class of words. Usually which belongs to the Adverb class does not have the rules to place the stress mark.

REFERENCES Roach, P. (2009) English Phonetics and Phonology A Practical Course, 4 th edn., UK: Cambridge University Press. Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. and Hyams, N. (2011) An Introduction to Language, 9 th edn., Wadsworth. Cambridge Advance Learners Dictionary (2005), 2nd edn., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.