Todays water crisis is not an issue of scarcity, but of access.

More people in the world own cell phones than have access to a toilet. And as cities and slums grow at increasing rates, the situation worsens. Every day, lack of access to clean water and sanitation kills thousands, leaving others with reduced quality of life.

Water

884 million people lack access to safe water supplies; approximately one in eight people. (5)

3.575 million people die each year from water-related disease. (11) The water and sanitation crisis claims more lives through disease than any war claims through guns. (1) People living in the slums often pay 5-10 times more per liter of water than wealthy people living in the same city. (1) An American taking a five-minute shower uses more water than a typical person in a developing country slum uses in a whole day. (1)

Sanitation

Only 62% of the worlds population has access to improved sanitation defined as a sanitation facility that ensures hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. (5)

Lack of sanitation is the worlds biggest cause of infection. (9) 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation, including 1.2 billion people who have no facilities at all. (5) Of the 60 million people added to the worlds towns and cities every year, most occupy impoverished slums and shanty-towns with no sanitation facilities. (8)

Children

Diarrhea remains in the second leading cause of death among children under five globally. Nearly one in five child deaths about 1.5 million each year is due to diarrhea. It kills more young children than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. (13) Every 20 seconds, a child dies from a water-related disease. (2) Diarrhea is more prevalent in the developing world due, in large part, to the lack of safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as poorer overall health and nutritional status. (13)

Children in poor environments often carry 1,000 parasitic worms in their bodies at any time. (8) In the developing world, 24,000 children under the age of five die every day from preventable causes like diarrhea contracted from unclean water. (13) 1.4 million children die as a result of diarrhea each year. (11)

Women

In just one day, more than 200 million hours of womens time is consumed for the most basic of human needs collecting water for domestic use. This lost productivity is greater than the combined number of hours worked in a week by employees at Wal*Mart, United Parcel Service, McDonalds, IBM, Target, and Kroger, according to Gary White, co-founder of Water.org.

Millions of women and children spend several hours a day collecting water from distant, often polluted sources. (1) A study by the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) of community water and sanitation projects in 88 communities found that projects designed and run with the full participation of women are more sustainable and effective than those that do not. This supports an earlier World Bank study that found that womens participation was strongly associated with water and sanitation project effectiveness. (7)

Disease

At any given time, half of the worlds hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. (1) The majority of the illness in the world is caused by fecal matter.9 Almost one-tenth of the global disease burden could be prevented by improving water supply, sanitation, hygiene and management of water resources. Such improvements reduce child mortality and improve health and nutritional status in a sustainable way. (14)

88% of cases of diarrhea worldwide are attributable to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene. (9) 90% of all deaths caused by diarrheal diseases are children under 5 years of age, mostly in developing countries. (8) It is estimated that improved sanitation facilities could reduce diarrhea-related deaths in young children by more than one-third. If hygiene promotion is added, such as teaching proper hand washing, deaths could be reduced by two thirds. It would also help accelerate economic and social development in countries where sanitation is a major cause of lost work and school days because of illness. (6)

Economics

Over 50 percent of all water projects fail and less than five percent of projects are visited, and far less than one percent have any longer-term monitoring. (10) Investment in safe drinking water and sanitation contributes to economic growth. For each $1 invested, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates returns of $3 $34, depending on the region and technology. (14)

Almost two in every three people who need safe drinking water survive on less than $2 a day and one in three on less than $1 a day. Households, not public agencies, often make the largest investment in basic sanitation, with the ratio of household to government investment typically 10 to 1. (15)

Investment in drinking-water and sanitation would result in 272 million more school attendance days a year. The value of deaths averted, based on discounted future earnings, would amount to US$ 3.6 billion a year.(15)

Environment

Less than 1% of the worlds fresh water (or about 0.007% of all water on earth) is readily accessible for direct human use. (12) More than 80% of sewage in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas. (16)

The UN estimates that by 2025, forty-eight nations, with combined population of 2.8 billion, will face freshwater stress or scarcity. Our Water.org High School Curriculum Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater by far: about 70% of all freshwater withdrawals go to irrigated agriculture. (14) At home the average American uses between 100 and 175 gallons of water a day. That is less than 25 years ago, but it does not include the amount of water used to feed and clothe us. Conserving water helps not only to preserve irreplaceable natural resources, but also to reduce the strain on urban wastewater management systems. Wastewater is costly to treat, and requires continuous investment to ensure that the water we return to our waterways is as clean as possible

Ang lindol ay isang pangyayari na nagreresulta mula sa at nilagyan ng lakas ng dinamikong paglabas ng inimbak na enerhiya na mga seismikong alon (seismic wave) na nagmumula sa pag bigay ng enerhiya ng dalawang fault sa epicenter. Sa ibabaw ng Daigdig, maaaring magpakita ng ito ng mga pag-alon ng lupa, na kadalasang nagkakaroon ng pagkawasak at magdulot ng pagkawala ng buhay at pagwasak ng ari-arian.

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8.9 Earthquake And Tsunami Hits Japan 53 Countries on Alert!

March 11, 2011 by BGR Leave a Comment

An 8.9-magnitude earthquake struck Japans northeastern coast around 0546 GMT on Friday.

It caused a four-metre tsunami in the port city of Kamishi and its tremors shook buildings in the capital Tokyo, over 300 kilometres away. Japanese television showed cars, ships and even buildings being swept away by a vast wall of water after the 8.9 magnitude earthquake. Now Taiwan has issued a tsunami warning. A tsunami warning has also been issued for Russia, Marcus Island and the Northern Marianas and South America. A tsunami watch has been issued for Guam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia and US state of Hawaii.

A great earthquake rocked the coast of Japan at 5:46 GMT on March 11, generating a dangerous tsunami that raced across the Pacific. The mighty earthquake was rated 8.9 on the Richter scale, making it the 7th most powerful tremor in world history. The worlds 8th largest earthquake, a magnitude 8.8 event, hit Chile on February 27, 2010; never before have two top-ten earthquakes hit so close together in time. Todays quake was the strongest in Japanese history, and will likely be the most expensive natural disaster in world history, surpassing the $133+ billion dollar price tag from Hurricane Katrina. Source

Ang polusyon ay ang pagiging marumi ng kapaligiran o, sa ibang pakahulugan, kadumihan ng kaisipan.[1] Sa pangkapaligiran, kabilang sa uri ng polusyon ang polusyon ng hangin at polusyon ng tubig. Ang baha ay labis na pag-apaw ng tubig o isang paglawak ng tubig na natatakpan ang lupa, at isang delubyo.[1] Sanhi nito ang ulang rumaragasa o bumubugso. Maaari rin itong padagsang pagtambak ng napakaraming bagay sa isang lugar. Naging katumbas din ito ng gunaw o pagkagunaw sa ibang diwa.[1] Sa katulad na kaisipan ng "dumadaloy na tubig", nilalapat ang salita sa paloob na daloy ng pagkati, salungat sa palabas na pagdaloy. Tinatalakay Ang Baha, ang dakilang Unibersal na Delubyo ng mitolohiya o marahil ng kasaysayan, sa Delubyo sa mitolohiya o ang Malaking Baha noong panahon ni Noe
IV. MGA SANHI

A.Natural na Kalamidad

1. LINDOL Ang lindol ay isang pangyayari na bunga ng biglaang pagbulalas ng mga natutulog na enerhiya sa kalatagan ng mundo sa anyo ng seismic waves. Sa ibabaw ng daigdig maari rin ito magbunga ng pagkasira ng porma ng kalupaan at tsunami na nagsasanhi ng pagkawasak at kamatayan. Ang mga lindol ay maaring likas o nagmula sa kagagawan ng tao.

MANILA, Philipines (AP) dalawang malalakas na lindol ang magkasabay na yumanig sa gitnang maynila, ilang oras pa lang ang nakakalipas na sumira ng mga tirahan sa lakas ng pagyanig. Wala namang naiuulat na nasugatan.

Ang pangalawang mas malakas na lindol, na may magnitude na 6.2, ay niyanig ang Pilipinas, 7:01 ng Sabado ng gabi, na sanhi ng Philippine Fault, ang major fault na mula sa Hilagang kabundukan patungo sa Timog, ayon sa Philippine Institute of Vulcanology and Seismology.

Sa sobrang lakas nakuha nitong pataubin ang mga lumang gusali, ayon kay Ishmael Narag, isang Seismologist. Ang unang lindol na may 5.5 magnitude ay nangyari banding 1:47 ng hapon.

Sa Pilipinas, ang pagkawasask ay nasa Masbate, isa sa mga probinsya nito. Ang Masbate ay may 230 milyang layo mula sa Pilipinas.

Ang Office of the Civil Defense ng Maynila ay nag-ulat na ang pangalawang lindol ay napatumba ng isang Muslim Day Care Center, katabi ng isang Mosque sa kapitolyo ng Masbate City. Ang lindol ay sumira din ng mga posteng kuryente na sanhi ng black out.

Ang Pilipinas ay nauupo sa mahigit apat na major faults kung kayat natural ang pag lindol.

2. PAGGUHO ng Lupa Ang pagguho ng lupa ay penomenon na kinabibilangan ng malawakang paggalaw ng lupa, pagkahulog ng mga bato, pagbaba ng isang bahagi ng lupa at pagkaanod ng mga piraso ng lupa. Liban sa gravity na pangunahing dahilan ng mga pagguho may ilan pang mga salik na nakatutulong dito:

Pagkaguho dahilan sa mga alon o anupamang interaksyon sa mga bahagi ng tubig ay nagdudulot ng mas matataas na mga bangin. Ang mga bahagi ng mga bato o lupa ay rumurupok dahil sa malakas na ulan. Ang lindol ay lumilikha ng mga bitak sa lupa na nagiging sanhi ng pagguho. Ang pagputok ng bulkan ay nagkakalat ng abo, nasasanhi ng malakas na ulan at pagkaanod ng mga piraso ng lupa. Ang Ground Water Pressure ay nagpapahina sa porma ng lupa.

Mountain Village ng Guinsaugon, naglaho dahilan sa pagguho ng lupa. Leyte, Ika-17 ng Pebrero, 2006

Nagkaroon na naman ng pagguho ng lupa sa Pilipinas o ang tinatawag na Landslide. Sa Timog Leyte, isang barangay ang nabura sa mapa dahilan dito. Bandang alas 9 hanggang alas 10, ang mga bahay at mga eskwelahan ay napapailalim na sa makapal na lupa na hanggang 10 metro ang lalim. 246 na estudyante at 7 guro ang natabunan makalipas ang ilang mga segundo pa lamang. Nasabing isang bata at isang matandang babae lamang ang nailigtas sa naturang insidente. Mahigit kumulang 1000 katao ang nailibing ng buhay sa Guinsaugon.

3. BAGYO Ang bagyo ay isang unos na may nagaganap na sirkulasyon ng malakas na hangin. Maraming katawagan sa unos depende sa kanilang kalakasan at lokasyon. Kadalasan ito ay nabubuo sa gitna ng karagatan kung kayat mas malaki ang pinsala ng mga nakatira sa baybay -dagat

Ang bagyong si Milenyo na dumating sa Pilipinas ay nagpahinto ng lahat ng Panghimpapawid at Pangdagat na transportasyon. Sinasabing ito ang pinakamalakas na bagyong tumama sa kapuluan.

Mahigit 18 katao ang naireportang namatay sa mga syudad ng Muntinlupa (2), Makati (1) and Legazpi (1), at ang mga probinsya ng Albay (8), Quezon (3) at Antique (3). Labing-isa naman ang nakumpirmang namatay sa mga probinsya ng Calabarzon at apat sa Taytay, Riza

Ang tagtuyot o ang pagtaas ng klima ay isang panahon na sobrang init. Dito maraming mga natutuyot na mga pananim sa mga sakahan. Marami ang mga namamatay na halaman dahil sa kakulangan ng tubig. Kaya nagkaroon ng tag-tuyot ay dahil sa global warming na ngayon na nangyayari dito sa mundo natin.