AMERICAN HISTORY TIMELINE 1001 1492 1497 1501 1519 Leif Ericson explores North America Christopher Columbus

discovers America John Cabot claims North America for England :Amerigo Vespucci explores the coast of South America Ferdinand Magellan is the first to go around the world Alonzo de Pineda explores gulf Coast of America 1524 Giovanni Verrazano discovers New York Bay 1528 Panfilo de Narvaez conquers Cuba and explores Florida Alvar Cabeza de Vaca explores Texas, Arizona and New Mexico 1534 :Jacques Cartier explores the Great Lakes and the the St. Lawrence River 1539 Hernando de Soto explores south-eastern North America 1540 Francisco Vzquez de Coronado explores south-western North America Discovery of the Grand Canyon by Garcia Lopez de Cardenas 1541 Francisco Vsquez de Coronado explores Kansas 1542 Cabrillo explores and discovers the Californian coast Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovers San Diego Bay, California 1559 Tristan de Luna explores North America 1563 Francisco de Ibarra explores New Mexico 1576 Sir Martin Frobisher explores Baffin Bay and the Hudson Strait 1577 Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the world - December 13 1577 to September 26 1580 1584 Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe (both in the service of Sir Walter Raleigh) explore the coast of North Carolina 1585 March 25: Walter Raleigh receives the patent to explore and settle in North America June: Walter Raleigh's fleet of seven vessels under Richard Grenville and Ralph Lane, with 108 men, reach Roanoke Island June 4: Virginia colony of Roanoke Island established by Walter Raleigh 1598 Juan de Archuleta explores Colorado 1607 Captain John Smith explorer and founder of Jamestown 1609 Henry Hudson explores North eastern North America including the Hudson River 1688 The Glorious Revolution in England leads to a constitutional monarchy and passing of the Bill of Rights 1763 February 10: Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War (1754-1763). Canada east of the Mississippi River added to the British empire. Pontiac's Rebellion against the British October 7: The Proclamation of 1763 issued by King George III after the end of the French and Indian War / Seven Years' War to organize the new North American empire and stabilize relations with Native Americans. No British settlements allowed west of the Appalachian mountains. Settlers already in these areas required to return east 1764 February: James Otis urges a united response to the recent acts imposed by England. The phrase "Taxation without Representation is Tyranny" is usually attributed to James Otis July: James Otis publishes "The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved."

August: Boston merchants begin a boycott of British luxury goods 1765 March 22: The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament. March 24: The Quartering Act required American colonists to house British troops and supply them with food. July: The Sons of Liberty is formed - a secret organization opposed to the Stamp Act December: Over 200 Boston merchants refuse to pay the Stamp Tax 1766 1766 March 18. Stamp Act repealed January: New York assembly refuses to fully enforce the Quartering Act. August: Violence breaks out in New York between British soldiers and members of the Sons of Liberty. 1768 July: Merchants in Boston and New York boycott British goods September: English warships sail into Boston Harbor leaving two regiments of English troops to keep order. 1770 March: "The Boston Massacre" - Four workers shot by British troops in Boston 1773 December 16: The Boston Tea Party - Massachusetts patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians protest against the British Tea Act by dumping crates of tea into Boston Harbor. 1774 March: The Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by Americans) 1775 February 9: English Parliament declares Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion April 19 Shots fired at Lexington and Concord where weapons depot destroyed. "Minute Men" force British troops back to Boston. George Washington takes command of the Continental Army. June 15: George Washington appointed general and commander-in-chief of the new Continental Army. June 17: Battle of Bunker Hill July 6: Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms stating that Americans are "resolved to die free men rather than live as slaves." The American Revolution, the American War of Independence, led by George Washington was fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers. 1776 May 2: The American revolution gains support from King Louis XVI of France 1776 July 4. Thomas Jefferson presents the United States Declaration of Independence 1777 November 15: Articles of Confederation - Congress is made sole authority of the new national government. 1778 February 6: France signs a treaty of alliance with the United States and the American Revolution soon becomes a world war. September 14: Benjamin Franklin appointed American representative in France. 1779 September 27: John Adams is appointed to negotiate peace with England. 1780 September 23: Plans discovered indicating Benedict Arnold intends to turn traitor and surrender West Point. Benedict Arnold joins the British 1781 October 17: American victory at Yorktown terms discussed for the British surrender.

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1784 1789

1791 1793 1795 1794 1797 1799 1800 1801 1803 1804 1805 1807 1808 1809 1811 1812 1814 1817 1818 1819 1820 1822 1825 1829 1830 1831 1832 1835 1836

October 19: The British army surrenders at Yorktown - a devastating effect on the British February 27: English Parliament votes against further war in America. November 10: The final battle of the Revolutionary War when Americans retaliate by attacking a Shawnee village in Ohio November 30: Preliminary peace treaty signed in Paris recognising American independence and the British withdrawal from America. February 4: England officially declares an end to hostilities in America September 3: The Treaty of Paris is signed by the United States and Great Britain January 14: The Treaty of Paris is ratified by Congress and the American Revolutionary War officially ends First President of the US is George Washington 17891797 The first thirteen states were Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island Judiciary Act of 1789 Bill of Rights ratified Fugitive Slave Act passed Vermont and Kentucky were admitted to the US Whiskey Rebellion Second President of the US is John Adams 1797-1801 Logan Act Library of Congress founded Third President of the US is Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 Louisiana Purchase Treaty Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explore the Louisiana Territory Barbary Wars Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves U.S. slave trade with Africa ends Fourth President of the US is James Madison 1809-1817 Battle of Tippecanoe War of 1812 begins Treaty of Fort Jackson ends Creek War Fifth President of the US is James Monroe 1817-1825 Harvard Law School founded Jackson Purchase in Kentucky Five more states were admitted to the US - Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, and Mississippi Adams-Onis Treaty, including acquisition of Florida Illinois admission to the US Alabama and Maine admission to the US Missouri admission to the US Sixth President of the US is John Quincy Adams 18251829 Seventh President of the US is Andrew Jackson 18291837 Indian Removal Act Oregon Trail opens Nat Turner's revolt Black Hawk War Seminole War begins Department of Indian Affairs established Texas War for Independence begins Arkansas admission to the US

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1846 1847 1848

1849 1850 1851 1853 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861

1863 1864 1865

1866 1867 1869 1871

Battle of the Alamo Panic of 1837 Michigan admission to the US 1838-1839: The Trail of Tears Ninth President of the US is William Henry Harrison Tenth President of the US is John Tyler 1841-1845 Eleventh President of the US is James Knox Polk 18451849 Texas admission to the US Florida admission to the US Mexican-American War begins and ends in 1848 Texas admission to the US Oregon Treaty signed Treaty of Cahuenga ends Mexican-American War Iowa admission to the US Gold discovered in California Wisconsin admission to the US Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War Twelfth President of the US is Zachary Taylor 1849-1850 Thirteenth President of the US is Millard Fillmore 18501853 California admission to the US Fourteenth President of the US is Franklin Pierce 18531857 Gadsden Purchase Sack of Lawrence, Kansas Pottawatomie Massacre Fifteenth President of the US is James Buchanan 18571861 Minnesota admission to the US Oregon admission to the US Harper's Ferry Raid Pony Express begins Sixteenth President of the US is Abraham Lincoln 18611865 Kansas admission to the US Confederate States of America (the Confederacy) established under President Jefferson Davis American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter. The American Civil War, also called the War between the States, was waged from April 1861 until April 1865. The four year war was between the federal government of the United States and 11 Southern states that asserted their right to secede (withdraw) from the Union. Abraham Lincoln was the central figure of the American Civil War. First Battle of Bull Run Battle of Gettysburg West Virginia admission to the US Sand Creek Massacre Abraham Lincoln assassinated Seventeenth President of the US is Andrew Johnson 18651869 Nevada admission to the US United States Civil War ends Civil Rights Act of 1866 Ku Klux Klan founded Nebraska admission to the US Alaska Purchase from Russia Eighteenth President of the US is Ulysses Simpson Grant 1869-1877 Great Chicago Fire

Treaty of Washington with Great Britain regarding the Dominion of Canada 1872 Yellowstone National Park established 1874 Red River Wars 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1875 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn 1877 Nineteenth Rutherford Birchard Hayes 1877-1881 Colorado admission to the US Nez Perce War 1881 Twentieth President of the US is James Abram Garfield 1881 Twenty - First President of the US is Chester Alan Arthur 1881-1885 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act and European Restriction Act 1885 Twenty-Second President of the US is Grover Cleveland 1885-1889 Washington monument completed 1889 Twenty - Third President of the US is Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 1890 North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, and Idaho admission to the US Yosemite National Park created Wounded Knee Massacre 1891 Wyoming admission to the US 1893 Twenty - Fourth President of the US is Grover Cleveland 1893-1897 1896 Utah admission to the US Gold discovered in the Yukon's Klondike 1897 Twenty - Fifth President of the US is William McKinley 1897-1901 1898 Spanish-American War 1900 Boxer Rebellion in China 1901 Twenty - Sixth President of the US is Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 1903 Ford Motor Company formed 1903 - First World Series 1904 Panama Canal Zone acquired 1908 Oklahoma admission to the US Ford Model T marketed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) established 1909 Twenty - Seventh President of the US is William Howard Taft 1909-1913 1912 Arizona, Alaska and New Mexico admission to the US Titanic sinks 1913 Twenty - Eighth President of the US is Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 1914 WW1 started 28 July 1914 11 November 1918 1915 The Birth of a Nation movie directed by D.W. Griffith opens 1917 US enters World War I U.S. Virgin Islands purchased from Denmark 1919 Treaty of Versailles 1920 First radio broadcast in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1921 Twenty- Ninth President of the US is Warren Gamaliel Harding 1921-1923 1923 Thirtieth President of the US is Calvin Coolidge 19231929 1924 Indian Reorganization Act 1927 Indian Reorganization Act Charles Lindbergh makes first trans-Atlantic flight The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson is the first "talkie" to be released

1929

1931 1932 1933 1934

Thirty- First President of the US is Herbert Clark Hoover 1929-1933 St. Valentine's Day massacre Immigration Act Great Depression begins Empire State Building opens Amelia Earhart flies across Atlantic Ocean Thirty - Second President of the US is Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933-1945 Japan and Germany withdraw from League of Nations Dust Bowl begins Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act John Dillinger killed Indian Reorganization Act Social Security Act London Conference on disarmament Hindenburg disaster Germany invades Poland; World War II begins Attack on Pearl Harbor U.S. enters World War II D-Day Battle of the Bulge Thirty - Third President of the US is Harry S. Truman 1945-1953 U.S. takes Okinawa U.S. joins the United Nations Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Germany and Japan surrender, ending World War II The Cold War began between the United States and the Soviet Union Atomic Energy Act Nuremberg trials Berlin Blockade NATO formed Germany divided into East and West Senator Joseph McCarthy gains power and start Communist witch hunts (1950-1954) Korean War begins Thirty - Fourth President of the US is Dwight David Eisenhower 1953-1961 Armistice in Korea SEATO alliance Warsaw Pact US installs Diem as leader of South Vietnam Civil Rights Act of 1957 Russians launch Sputnik NASA formed Cuban Revolution Greensboro sit-in Civil Rights Act of 1960 Hawaii, the last state was admitted giving the American flag 50 stars Thirty - Fifth President of the US is John Fitzgerald Kennedy 1961-1963 Peace Corps Vietnam War officially begins with 900 military advisors landing in Saigon OPEC formed Cuban Missile Crisis President J Kennedy assassinated

1935 1936 1937 1939 1941 1944 1945

1946 1946 1948 1949 1950 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960

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Thirty - Sixth President of the US is Lyndon Baines Johnson 1963-1969 March on Washington; Martin Luther King, Jr. "I have a dream" speech Civil Rights Act of 1964 Detroit race riot

Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy assassinated Civil Rights Act of 1968 1969 Thirty - Seventh President of the US is Richard Milhous Nixon 1969-1974 Vietnam Neil Armstrong walks on the moon 1970 Kent State shootings 1972 Watergate burglary Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with USSR 1973 Vietnam War ends with US pulling out in 1973 Watergate Scandal breaks in 1973 Skylab first space station launched 1974 Richard Nixon resigns Presidency over Watergate Thirty - Eighth President of the US is Gerald Rudolph Ford 1974-1977 1977 Thirty - Ninth President of the US is Jimmy Carter 19771981 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident 1979 - Iran hostage crisis begins 1981 Fortieth President of the US is Ronald Wilson Reagan 1981-1989 Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley 1986 Iran-Contra scandal breaks Space Shuttle Challenger accident 1990 Forty - First President of the US is George Herbert Walker Bush 1989-1993 Hubble Space Telescope placed in orbit Iraq invades Kuwait leading to 1991 Gulf War 1991 Gulf War 1992 Los Angeles riots Hurricane Andrew causes devastation in Florida and Louisiana 1993 Forty - Second President of the US is William Jefferson Clinton 1993-2001 World Trade Center bombing Waco siege 1995 Oklahoma City bombing 1999 President Clinton is acquitted in impeachment trial by U.S. Senate 2001 Forty - Third President of the US is George Walker Bush September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon Invasion of Afghanistan Operation "Enduring Freedom" 2004 Occupation of Iraq, 2003-2004 2005 Hurricane Katrina 2009 Forty - Fourth President of the US is BarackObama General Motors Declares Bankruptcy President Obama Announces Troop Surge 2010 Elana Kagan Fourth Female Justice US Combat Mission Ends in Iraq 2011 Osama Bin Laden Killed by US Forces