SIMPLE PRESENT

Examples: You speak English. Do you speak English? You do not speak English. USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.Examples: I play tennis. She does not play tennis. Does he play tennis? The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. The train does not leave at 9 AM. When does the train usually leave? She always forgets her purse. He never forgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. Does the Sun circle the Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.Examples: Cats like milk. Birds do not like milk. Do pigs like milk? California is in America. California is not in the United Kingdom. Windows are made of glass. Windows are not made of wood. USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. When do we board the plane? The party starts at 8 o'clock. When does class begin tomorrow?

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. I am here now. She is not here now. He needs help right now. He does not need help now. He has his passport in his hand. Do you have your passport with you? The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You only speak English. Do you only speak English?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Examples: You are watching TV. Are youwatching TV? You are not watching TV.

USE 1 Now

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.Examples: You are learning English now. You are not swimming now. Are you sleeping? I am sitting. I am not standing. Is he sitting or standing? They are reading their books. They are not watching television. What are you doing? Why aren't you doing your homework?

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.) I am studying to become a doctor. I am not studying to become a dentist. I am reading the book Tom Sawyer. I am not reading any books right now. Are you working on any special projects at work? Aren't you teaching at the university now? USE 3 Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.Examples: I am meeting some friends after work. I am not going to the party tonight. Is he visiting his parents next weekend? Isn't he coming with us tonight?

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."Examples: She is always coming to class late. He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up. I don't like them because they are always complaining.

. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimple Present.Examples: She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You are still watching TV. Are you still watching TV?

Verb Tense Exercise 1 Simple Present / Present Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. 2. (study) 3. 4. 5. Every Monday, Sally (drive) Usually, I (work) her kids to football practice. as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I

French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) I hate living in Seattle because it . . (rain, always) .

6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) so loudly.

because everybody (talk)

7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished. 8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?

Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) 9. The business cards (be, normally )

to a movie tonight with some friends. printed by a company in New York.

Their prices (be)

inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good. made by a small chocolatier in Zurich,

10. This delicious chocolate (be) Switzerland.

Verb Tense Exercise 2 Simple Present / Present Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. A Trekking Journal November 12, 1997 Today (be) and my legs (shake) really) continue. the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill, me and my toes (bleed) , but I (want, still) to

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be) so different, and I (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not) foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) .

much yet, I believe that I (improve, gradually) I (travel, currently) England.He (be)

with Liam, a student from Leeds University in a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always)

ahead of me and (complain) that I am too slow. I (do) my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old.

Right now, Liam (sit)

with the owner of the inn. They (discuss)

the the real name

differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not) of the owner, but everybody (call, just) English very well and he (try) Tam (say)

him Tam. Tam (speak) to teach Liam some words in Nepali.Every time to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam

a new word, Liam (try)

(seem, also) to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don't get lost and have to ask for directions.

SIMPLE PAST

Examples: You calledDebbie. Did you callDebbie? You did not call Debbie. USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.Examples: I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car. He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.Examples: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00. Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.Examples: I lived in Brazil for two years. Shauna studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day. They did not stay at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.Examples: I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."Examples: She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First: Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain whenclauses.Examples: When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question. She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.Example: I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT: The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You just called Debbie. Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE

PAST CONTINUOUS
Examples: You were studying when she called.

Were youstudying when she called? You were not studying when she called.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.Examples: I was watching TV when she called. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. What were you doing when the earthquake started? I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm. You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off. While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off. A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.Examples: Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action. Examples: Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM. Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER. USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.Examples: I was studying while he was making dinner. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. Were you listening while he was talking? I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. What were you doing while you were waiting? Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, andhaving a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past. Example:
When I walked into the office, several people were busilytyping, some were

talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary andwaving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service. USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."Examples: She was always coming to class late. He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence. Examples: I was studying when she called.
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While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimple Past.Examples: Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You were just studying when she called. Were you just studying when she called? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 3 Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers 1. 2. A: What (you, do) B: I (try) when the accident occurred? to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

3.

After I (find) the police and (turn)

the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) it in.

to

4.

The doctor (say) he (need)

that Tom (be)

too sick to go to work and that

to stay at home for a couple of days.

5.

Sebastian (arrive)

at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she (be, for her final

not) there. She (study, at the library) examination in French.

11

6.

Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch, also) television. That's all she ever does!

7.

A: I (call) Where were you? I (work) When I (walk)

you last night after dinner, but you (be, not)

there.

8. 9.

out at the fitness center. into the busy office, the secretary (talk) on the at their desks, and methods to improve customer

phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily) two managers (discuss, quietly) service.

10. I (watch) a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how the movie ends.

11. Sharon (be) hear anything

in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't because she (listen, not) .

12. It's strange that you (call)

because I (think, just)

about you.

13. The Titanic (cross)

the Atlantic when it (strike)

an iceberg.

14. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily) and (try) to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt) for

souvenirs. Some young boys (lead)

their donkeys through the narrow over the price of a fruit and

streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue) leather belt. I (walk) (buy) a banana. over to a man who (sell)

15. The firemen (rescue) third floor of the burning building.

the old woman who (be)

trapped on the

16. She was so annoying! She (leave, always)

her dirty dishes in the sink.

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17. I think she (expect, actually)

me to do them for her.

18. Samantha (live) (live)

in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she there when the Berlin Wall came down.

Verb Tense Exercise 4 Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) (call) she (wait) . She said she

me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall a

lecturing while she (talk) to me. I couldn't believe she (make) phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep, actually) in class. Some of the students (talk) about their a picture of a horse. satisfied was with quite the class, I

plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) When Angela (tell) that my me she was not

(mention) (suggest)

biology

professor

good

and

that she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear)

her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a up the phone and went to vegetables for a salad, the phone rang

phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut) once again. It (be)

Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in class.

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PRESENT PERFECT
Examples: You have seenthat movie many times. Have you seenthat movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times. Complete List of Present Perfect Forms USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Examples: I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in California. People have traveled to the Moon. People have not traveled to Mars. Have you read the book yet? Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. A: Has there ever been a war in the United States? B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics: TOPIC 1 Experience You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.Examples: I have been to France. THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES. I have been to France three times. YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE. I have never been to France.

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THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TO FRANCE. I think I have seen that movie before. He has never traveled by train. Joan has studied two foreign languages. A: Have you ever met him? B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time. Examples: You have grown since the last time I saw you. The government has become more interested in arts education. Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established. My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time. Examples: Man has walked on the Moon. Our son has learned how to read. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen. Examples: James has not finished his homework yet. Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. Bill has still not arrived. The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible. Examples: The army has attacked that city five times. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. We have had many major problems while working on this project. She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

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Time Expressions with Present Perfect When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples: Have you been to Mexico in the last year? I have seen that movie six times in the last month. They have had three tests in the last week. She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far. My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE "Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.Examples: I went to Mexico last year. I WENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE. I have been to Mexico in the last year. I HAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365 DAYS AGO AND NOW.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.Examples:

16

I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in England for six months. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You have only seen that movie one time. Have you only seen that movie one time? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples:
Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 5 Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" 2. B: I don't know. I (see, never) that movie.

3. Sam (arrive)

in San Diego a week ago.

4. My best friend and I (know) together once a week.

each other for over fifteen years. We still get

5. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

17

6. I (have, not)

this much fun since I (be)

a kid.

7. Things (start)

(change) working

a here

great

deal

at

Coltech, ago,

Inc. the

When company

we

first

three

years

(have,

only) six employees. Since then, we (expand) than 2000 full-time workers.

to include more

8. I (tell) (wander)

him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

9. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) (be)

the bus this morning. You

late to work too many times. You are fired!

10. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

11. How sad! George (dream) didn't make it. He (see, never)

of going to California before he died, but he the ocean.

12. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) North America by covered wagon. The trip (be)

much easier and very two or three months to cross very rough and often

dangerous. Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

13. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) (see) you. You (grow) at least a foot!

since the last time I

14. This tree (be) planted by the settlers who (found) over four hundred years ago.

our city

15. This mountain (be, never) (try)

climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers . The

to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever)

18

climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) summit.

trying to reach the

16. I (visit, never)

Africa, but I (travel)

to South America

several times. The last time I (go) Brazil and Peru. I (spend) for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly)

to South America, I (visit) two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) over the Nazca Lines.

Verb Tense Exercise 6 Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) a great deal. The first computers (be) simple machines much memory and they (be,

designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) not)

very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and thousands of dollars for machines which actually individual

customers often (pay)

(do) very little. Most computers (be) separate, machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Times (change)

. Computers (become)

powerful machines with

very practical applications. Programmers (create) a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) (begin) (start) faster, more exciting on the Internet and

communicating with other computer users around the world. We to create international communities online. In short, the simple, into an international World Wide Web

individual machines of the past (evolve) of knowledge.

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Examples: You have been waiting here for two hours. Have you been waiting here for two hours? You have not been waiting here for two hours.

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.Examples: They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? James has been teaching at the university since June. We have been waiting here for over two hours! Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

USE 2 Recently, Lately

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You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.Examples:

Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately. Have you been exercising lately? Mary has been feeling a little depressed. Lisa has not been practicing her English. What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect.Examples: Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You have only been waiting here for one hour. Have you only been waiting here for one hour? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples:
Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

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Verb Tense Exercise 7 Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Robin: I think the waiter (forget) half an hour and nobody (take) Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) thinks we (order, already) . here for five or ten us. We (wait) our order yet. by us at least twenty times. He probably here for over

Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) minutes and they already have their food. Michele: He must realize we (order, not) for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) yet! We (sit)

here

us. He (run)

from

in our direction once.

Verb Tense Exercise 8 Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

22

1. Judy: How long (be) Claude: I (study)

in Canada? here for more than three years.

2. I (have) new one.

the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a

3. I (love) "chocoholic."

chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a

4. Matt and Sarah (have) (go)

some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they

to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.

5. John (work)

for the government since he graduated from Harvard his work, but now he is talking about

University. Until recently, he (enjoy) retiring.

6. Lately, (become)

(think)

about

changing

my

career

because

dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.

7. I (see) (see)

Judy for more than five years and during that time I many changes in her personality.

Verb Tense Exercise 9 Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. It (rain) beach. all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the

2.

Sid: Where is Gary?

23

3.

Sarah: He (study, at the library) Wednesday. In fact, he (review) week.

for his German test on for the test every day for the last

4.

You look really great! (You, exercise) Frank, where have you been? We (wait)

at the fitness center ? for you since 1 PM.

5.

Tim: What is that sound? Nancy: A car alarm (ring) somewhere down the street. It

(drive) me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) than twenty minutes. 6. Joseph's English (improve, really) , isn't it? He (watch)

for more

American television programs and (study) his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent. 7. Dan: You look a little tired. (You, get) Michelle: Yes, I (sleep) enough sleep lately? relatively well. I just look tired because I

(feel) a little sick for the last week. Dan: I hope you feel better soon. Michelle: Thanks. I (take, currently) better in a couple of days. some medicine, so I should feel

Verb Tense Exercise 10 Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bit more about your background. Mr. Harris: I (work) in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked for Met Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard many good things about Hollings Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) the new sales position. Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests. Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra Club and play tennis. In fact, I (compete) in a tennis tournament this for

24

weekend. Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) Mr. Harris: I (play) tennis ?

since high school. I love the sport.

Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at the Sierra Club. I (work, currently) (try) with them on the sea turtle project. We

to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay.

Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work, presently) on the same project.

Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to Hollings Life. Just one more thing, we (look) Spanish; many of our clients are from Mexico. Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) for somebody who is fluent in

Spanish since elementary school.

Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate.

Verb Tense Exercise 11 Simple Past / Past Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. I can't believe I (get) that apartment. I (submit) my application

last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive) before me. Most of them (fill, already) out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try) (want) because I (have)

to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord some problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't up listing my father as a reference.

recommend me. I (end)

It was total luck that he (decide)

to give me the apartment. It turns out that the

25

landlord and my father (go) have the apartment before he (look)

to high school together. He decided that I could at my credit report. I really lucked out!

PAST PERFECT
Examples: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had youstudied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006? B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses ofMixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
26

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.

Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example:
She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with

them in 1996. MOREOVER If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct. Examples: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

HOWEVER

If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.Correct

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

Verb Tense Exercise 12

27

Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

1.

When I (arrive) beautiful candlelight dinner.

home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare)

2.

Since I began acting, I (perform) drama. However, I (speak, never even) in 1985.

in two plays, a television commercial and a TV publicly before I came to Hollywood

3.

By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) boss (be) furious with me and I (be) the radio on yesterday, I (hear) fired.

without me. My

4.

When I (turn)

a song that was the song in years, and it

popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) (bring) 5. Last week, I (run) back some great memories.

into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see, not) a great deal. I (enjoy)

each

other in years, and both of us (change) talking to her so much that I (ask) tonight for dinner. 6. When Jack (enter) (lose) different! 7.

her out on a date. We are getting together

the room, I (recognize, not) so much weight and (grow)

him because he a beard. He looked totally

The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (arrive) (disappear, virtually) in the New World. so many beautiful places since I (come) to Utah. Before by the time Europeans first

8.

I (visit)

moving here, I (hear, never)

of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Examples:
You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
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USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to thePresent Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.Examples: They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara? B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.Examples: Jason was tired because he had been jogging. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand the difference.Examples: He was tired because he was exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING ATTHAT EXACT MOMENT. He was tired because he had been exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISING OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE HAD JUST FINISHED.

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REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past Perfect.Examples: The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived. Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples:

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years

before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 13 Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) five cups of coffee and I (wait) over an hour. I had to

leave because I (arrange)

to meet Kathy in front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) up and (go) for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) into the theater without us.

30

Kathy told me you (be)

late several times in the past and that she would not

make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

Verb Tense Exercise 14 Present Perfect / Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. It is already 9:30 PM and I (wait) here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.

2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait) for over an hour. I almost left without him.

3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) company for more than ten years and he (work) department. Nobody knew the company like he did.

for that import in almost every

4. I (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.

5. Sarah (climb) and (go)

the Matterhorn, (sail)

around the world,

on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.

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6. Sarah (climb) and (go) (experience) lives.

the Matterhorn, (sail)

around the world

on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She more by that age than most people do in their entire

7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry) .

Verb Tense Exercise 15 Present Continuous / Simple Past Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

My English is really getting better. I (try) to learn the language since 1985, but only recently have I been able to make some real progress. By the time I started high school in 1988, I (study) the language for almost three years; however, I was only able to introduce myself and utter a few memorized sentences. For a couple more years, I (struggle) through grammar and vocabulary lessons, which made absolutely no difference. Nothing worked, so I decided to study abroad.

I found an exchange program in England that sounded like the perfect answer. I (stay) with a host family for one month. It was a huge disappointment! I

(sit) there the whole time staring at the host mother and father hoping that there would be some breakthrough. Nothing.

When I returned, I mentioned to a friend that I (have) problems with the language for years. He recommended that I spend a year in an English speaking country. I decided to go abroad again. I (research) exchange programs for a couple of weeks and finally decided on a school in the United States.

Well, it worked. I (live)

and (study)

in the U.S. for more than

two years. I (stay) here for at least another year before I return home. By then, I should be completely fluent.

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Verb Tense Exercise 16 Present and Past Tenses and Non-Continuous Verbs
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

a. Look, I (have) b. Look, I (hold)

two tickets for the circus. two tickets for the circus.

a. We (be) b. We (wait)

there for more than half an hour by the time the show began. there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.

a. Sam (sit) me. b. Sam (be) me.

in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water at in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water at

a. One clown was juggling while he (balance) b. One clown was juggling while he (have)

a glass of wine on his head. a glass of wine on his head.

a. I (love) b. I (go)

the circus ever since I was a child. to the circus ever since I was a child.

a. Right now, I (see) b. Right now, I (look)

two elephants doing tricks in the ring. at two elephants doing tricks in the ring.

Verb Tense Exercise 17 Present and Past Tense Review

33

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

Tony: We

(wait)

for

the

new

Stars

Wars

movie.

In

fact,

we

(wait) here for more than five hours. Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive?

Tony: We (get)

here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty

people (stand, already) here waiting for tickets when we arrived. Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious?

Tony: Yeah, people (take)

Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular in line to get a

showing has been sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) good seat in the theater. Lars: When did you buy your tickets?

Tony: I (buy)

them last week by phone. I (know)

tickets would be

hard to get because I (see) in line to get tickets. They (wait) the first showing. Lars: I don't believe that!

a news interview with a group of people standing in line for almost a month to buy tickets for

Tony: It's true. They (camp)

out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater in Los to be the first people to see

Angeles for about a month because they (want) the movie.

SIMPLE FUTURE
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

34

Examples: You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To [am/is/are + going to + verb] Examples: You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.Examples: I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. Will you help me move this heavy table? Will you make dinner? I will not do your homework for you. I won't do all the housework myself! A: I'm really hungry. B: I'll make some sandwiches. A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep. B: I'll get you some coffee. A: The phone is ringing. B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise "Will" is usually used in promises.Examples: I will call you when I arrive. If I am elected President of the United States, I will makesure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret.

35

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan "Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.Examples: He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii. A: When are we going to meet each other tonight? B: We are going to meet at 6 PM. I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. Michelle is going to begin medical school next year. They are going to drive all the way to Alaska. Who are you going to invite to the party? A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake? B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.Examples: The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. John Smith will be the next President. John Smith is going to be the next President. The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards. The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future,Simple Present is used.Examples: When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:

36

You will never help him. Will you ever help him? You are never going to meet Jane. Are you ever going to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. ACTIVE The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. PASSIVE Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. ACTIVE A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 18 Will / Be Going To

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

1.

A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? a letter to my friends back home in Texas.

B: I (write)

2.

A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.

3.

A: I can't hear the television! B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it.

4.

We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble.

5. 6.

Sarah (come) Ted: Sarah: I (turn) It

to the party. Oliver (be) is so hot

there as well. in here!

the air-conditioning on.

37

7. 8.

I think he (be)

the next President of the United States. medical school and become a doctor. I have

After I graduate, I (attend) wanted to be a doctor all my life.

9.

A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) you. down to the beach and go

10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) swimming.

Verb Tense Exercise 19 Will / Be Going To

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Mark: What are you doing with those scissors? Beth: I (cut) Mark: What (you, do) that picture of the ocean out of the travel magazine. with it?

Beth: I (paint) a watercolor of the ocean for my art class, and I thought I could use this photograph as a model.

2.

Mark: (you, do) me a favor, Sam? Sam: Sure, what do you want me to do? Mark: I (change) the broken light bulb in the lamp above the dining room table. I need someone to hold the ladder for me while I am up there. Sam: No problem, I (hold) it for you.

3.

Gina: Where are you going? Ted: I (go) groceries. Gina: What (you, get) Ted: I (buy) ?

to the store to pick up some

some milk, some bread, and some coffee.

4.

John: Wow, Jane: I (make)

it's

freezing

out

there.

some coffee to warm us up. Do you want a piece of pie as dinner with some friends to dinner tonight too, but I'm

well? John: Coffee sounds great! But I (have) later, so I'd better skip the pie. Jane: I (go) having a piece of pie anyway.

38

5.

Frank: I heard you're taking a Spanish class at the community college. Tom: Yeah, I (go) to Guatemala next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish my brother in Marseilles next get it, and we can

would make the trip easier. Frank: I (visit) year. Maybe I should take a French class.

Tom: I have a course catalog in the other room. I (go) see whether or not they're offering a French course next semester.

Verb Tense Exercise 20 Will / Be Going To

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Michael: Do you think the Republicans or the Democrats (win) election? Jane: I think the Republicans (win) John: No way! The Democrats (win) . the next election. the next

2. Susan: We (go) camping this weekend. Would you like to come along? Sam: That sounds great, but I don't have a sleeping bag. Susan: No problem. I (lend) gear. you one. My family has tons of camping

3. Barbara: I (buy) a new car this weekend, but I'm a little worried because I don't really know much about cars. I'm afraid the salesman (try) to take advantage of me when he sees how little I know. Dave: I used to work for a mechanic in high school and I know a lot about cars. I (go) with you to make sure you are not cheated. Santa Fe next summer. Have you ever been you my parents' phone

4. Gina: Fred and I (visit) there?

Margaret: My family lives in Santa Fe! I (give)

number. When you get to Santa Fe, just call them and they (give) you a little tour of the town. They can show you some of the sights that most tourists never see. 5. Pam: Can you see my future in the crystal ball? What (happen) year? Fortune Teller: You (meet) perhaps New York or maybe Boston. You (marry) Pam: Forget the man! I want to know if I (get)
39

next

a man from the East Coast, that mystery man. a new job.

Verb Tense Exercise 21 Simple Present / Simple Future

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

1. Today after I (get) friends. 2. When (show) you (arrive)

out of class, I (go) in Stockholm, call my

to a movie with some friend Gustav. He

you around the city and help you get situated. ? Georgetown University, I to

3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) B: After I (receive) my Master's from

(go) to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan) complete a Ph.D. in cognitive science. 4. If it (snow) 5. Your father (plan) (meet) this weekend, we (go) skiing near Lake Tahoe.

to pick you up after school today at 3:00 o'clock. He you across the street near the ice cream shop. If something you up instead. cutting down huge stretches of rain huge changes in the environment during the drinking, she (lose, eventually) her

happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) 6. If the people of the world (stop, not) forest, we (experience) twenty-first century. 7. If Vera (keep) job.

8. I promise you that I (tell, not)

your secret to anybody. Even if somebody the her

(ask) me about what happened that day, I (reveal, not) truth to a single person. 9. She (make) some major changes in her life. She (quit) job and go back to school. 10. After she (finish) studying, she (get) buy a house. She is going to improve her life! 11. Tom (stay) (be) (call) when he (arrive)

a better-paying job and in Madrid. He

with you for two or three days until his new apartment available.

40

Verb Tense Exercise 22 Simple Present / Simple Future

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Michael: After you (leave) and pick up some milk and bread? Marie: No problem, I (pick) work, will you please drop by the grocery store up the groceries and be home by 6 o'clock. .

Michael: Great. You will probably get home before I (do)

2. Ari: By the time we (get) to the movie theater, the tickets are going to be sold out. Sarah: Don't worry. I told Jane we might be arriving just before the movie (start) . She (buy) our tickets and meet us in the lobby. her in that crowded lobby. each other near the entrance.

3. Ari: That place is huge! We (find, never) Sarah: Calm down, we (meet)

Terry: If the weather (be) beach. 4. Jennifer: I have a better idea. If it (be) it (rain) , we'll see a movie.

good tomorrow, maybe we should go to the

nice out, we'll go to the beach; and if

Terry: I guess we will have to wait until we (get) out what we are going to do. 5. Max: What are you going to do tomorrow after work? Sean: I (meet) to come along? (pick)

up in the morning to find

some friends at the cafe across the street. Would you like Max: No thanks! My brother is coming to town and I him up from the airport at 7 o'clock. at the cafe until 9 o'clock. Why don't you join us him up.

Sean: We (be, probably) after you (pick) Max: Sounds Lucy: I (call) good.

We you

(see) as soon

you as I

around arrive

8 in

o'clock. Dublin.

Dwain: If I am not there when you (call) , make sure to leave a message. Lucy: I will. And please don't forget to water my plants and feed the cat. Dwain: I promise I (take) care of everything while you are in Ireland

41

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Continuous with "Will" [will be + present participle]Examples: You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To " [am/is/are + going to be + present participle]Examples: You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Continuous with little difference in meaning. USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future

Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.Examples: I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anythinghappens and you need to contact me. He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives. Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

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USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

In USE 1, described above, the Future Continuous is interrupted by a short action in the future. In addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.Examples:
Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER. At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert. WE WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF DRIVING THROUGH THE DESERT.

REMEMBER In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In the Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.Examples: Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to eat dinner. I AM GOING TO START EATING AT 6 PM. Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. I AM GOING TO START EARLIER AND I WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER AT 6 PM.

USE 3 Parallel Actions in the Future

When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.Examples: I am going to be studying and he is going to be makingdinner. Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.

NOTICE "IS READING" BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE."(SEE EXPLANATION BELOW) USE 4 Atmosphere in the Future In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.Example: When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

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REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Continuous, Present Continuous is used.Examples: While I am going to be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Not Correct While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Future Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimple Future.Examples: Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You will still be waiting for her when her plane arrives. Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives? You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives. Are you still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. ACTIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. PASSIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. ACTIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 23 Simple Future / Future Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us? for us when our train arrives. I am sure he on the platform when we pull into the station. Sandra: And then Michele up at work and go out to dinner. get to the party, (dance) Jerry (watch) by herself, TV, and Sam Thad

Marcus: He (wait) (stand)

what? Marcus: We (pick) 2. Ted: When we

(make) (complain)

drinks,

Beth

about his day at work.

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Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things. Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) the same things; they always do the same things. all of

3. Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) those?

Jack: I promise I (do) them when I get home from work. Florence: Thanks. Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit) in the cabinets. at the Hoffman

4. Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) Hotel.

Nancy: I (call) you if there are any problems. Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids. Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) be fine.

5. Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) in Maui drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple.

on a tropical beach

Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) out over this marketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard? Samantha: I 'll manage somehow. Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with you? Samantha: No. But I (send) beach. Darren: Great, that (make) you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand me feel much bette

Verb Tense Exercise 24 Simple Present / Simple Future Present Continuous / Future Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) 2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) to the beach. paperwork and on a sunny, TV as well.

3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) (talk) to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie) tropical beach. Are you jealous? 4. We (hide) when Tony (arrive)

at his surprise party. As soon out and (scream) ,

as he opens the door, we (jump) "Surprise!"

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5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) while we (work) safe, we (leave) outside. 6. While you (study) 7. When I (get) (make) drinks,

over

out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait

at home, Magda (be)

in class. , John something

to the party, Sally and Doug (dance) Sue and Frank (discuss)

controversial, and Mary (complain)

about something unimportant. They

are always doing the same things. They are so predictable. When you (get) off the plane, I (wait) 8. 9. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) morning, the sun (shine) 10. (stay) If you (need) . to contact me sometime next week, I up tomorrow for you.

at the Sheraton in San Francisco.

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FUTURE PERFECT
Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Futureforms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable. FORM Future Perfect with "Will" [will have + past participle]Examples: You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have + past participle]Examples: You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect with little or no difference in meaning. USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future

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The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.Examples: By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleanedthe entire house. I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock. Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing? Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests. How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?

Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses. USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses ofMixed Verbs, we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.Examples: I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week. Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect,Present Perfect is used.Examples: I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You will only have learned a few words. Will you only have learned a few words? You are only going to have learned a few words. Are you only going to have learned a few words?

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ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: They will have completed the project before the deadline.ACTIVE The project will have been completed before the deadline.PASSIVE They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. ACTIVE The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 25 Simple Future / Future Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store? Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) room and (finish) your parents arrive. Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) Jerry: Everything (be) up the living

washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when around 6 o'clock. spotless by the time they get here.

2. Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate) , and I will already be looking for a job. Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future? Nick: Not really. I (go) to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job. Stacey: That's a good idea. Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) also) 3. over 13 business courses, but I (work,

in the real world.

Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) a vacation in South America this winter? Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go? Stan: She (visit) Fred: At this rate, she (visit) 50. Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. every country in the world by the time she's

4.

Judy: How long have you been in Miami? Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks. Judy: How long do you plan on staying? Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) (be) here for an extended period of time.When I go back home, I here for more than three months. just about

Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) everything there is to see in Miami by then.

5. Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish, already) eating. Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in
49

the bathroom. Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right. Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (left) . Nobody (see, even) your hair.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing." UnlikeSimple Future forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable. FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will" [will have been + present participle]Examples: You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To" [am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]Examples: You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect Continuous with little or no difference in meaning. Complete List of Future Perfect Continuous Forms USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Future

We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous; however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.Examples: They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives. She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes. James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia. How long will you have been studying when yougraduate? We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to Anchorage.

50

A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year? B: No, I will not have been living here that long.

Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because these future events are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses. USE 2 Cause of Something in the Future

Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.Examples: Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour. Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is going to have been studyingEnglish in the United States for over two years.

Future Continuous vs. Future Perfect Continuous If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the Future Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the future. Study the examples below to understand the difference.Examples: He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT MOMENT IN THE FUTURE. He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard. THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WILL BE TIRED BECAUSE HE WILL HAVE BEEN EXERCISING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WILL STILL BE EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE WILL JUST HAVE FINISHED.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous is used.Examples: You won't get a promotion until you will have been workinghere as long as Tim. Not Correct You won't get a promotion until you have been workinghere as long as Tim. Correct

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in

51

continuous tenses. Instead of using Future Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Future Perfect .Examples: Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years.Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives. Will you only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives? You are only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives. Are you only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. ACTIVE The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. PASSIVE The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. ACTIVE The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 26 Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we (drive) hundred miles. We are going to be exhausted. more than four

2. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she (study) German for over two years. She should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria. 3. I have not traveled much yet; however, I (visit) San Francisco by the time I leave the United States. the Grand Canyon and

4. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial, you (master) twelve tenses including their passive forms.

all

52

5. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she (have) get to the hospital.

the baby by the time we

6. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When I return to Australia, I (study) (be) in England for exactly one year. for nine months and I

7. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8 o'clock. By the time she gets here, we (wait) for her for two hours. jobs at

8. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he (change) least four or five times by the end of the year. 9. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I (complete) history essay and we can go see a movie. 10. In June, my grandmother and grandfather (be)

my

married for fifty years.

Verb Tense Exercise 27 Future Perfect / Future Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Jack: Have you been watching the Eco-Challenge on TV? Janet: Isn't that exciting? It has got to be the most unbelievably difficult sporting event in the world. Jack: I know. By the time they finish the course, they (raft) 150 miles down a raging river, (hike) (climb) a volcano and (kayak) more than

through 80 miles of jungle, through shark-infested

waters. Janet: And don't forget that they (move) straight. 2. Oliver: When are going to get your bachelor's

for at least eight days

degree,

Anne?

Anne: I am going to finish my degree next June. By the time I graduate, I (go) to four different colleges and universities, and I (study) for more than seven years.Oliver: Wow, that's a long time! Anne: And I plan to continue on to get a Ph.D. Oliver: Really? How long is that going to take? Anne: By the time I finally finish studying, I (be) years. a student for over 13

3. Max: Sarah has been in the kitchen all day long.Jake: It doesn't sound like she's having a very good Thanksgiving.Max: She (cook)
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for over seven hours by the

time everyone arrives for dinner this afternoon. Hopefully, she (finish) everything by then. Jake: Maybe we should help her out. 4. Mike: It's 6:00, and I have been working on my essay for over three hours. Sid: Do you think you (finish) tonight. Mike: I (complete, probably) by 10:00? There's a party at Donna's the essay by 10:00, but I

(work) on it for more than seven hours, and I don't think I am going to feel like going to a party. Fred: By the time they finish their trip across Yosemite National Park, they (hike) 5. Ginger: And they (be, not) for more than six days. in a bed or (have) a shower in camping food for

almost a week! Fred: When we pick them up, they (eat) days, and I am sure they will be starving. Ginger: I think we had better plan on taking them directly to a restaurant

Verb Tense Exercise 28 Future Continuous / Future Perfect Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. Simona: Margaret is really going to speak Spanish well when she gets back from that language school in Mexico. Isabelle: Hopefully! She (take) classes for more than six months. Simona: She is going to be able to speak Spanish with some of our Latin American clients. Isabelle: Good. Two clients from Peru (visit) us next month when Margaret returns. We need someone to entertain them while they are here. 2. Jason: I am leaving! Nurse: If you would please wait, the doctor will be with you in ten minutes. The doctor is having some problems with a patient. Jason: The doctor was having problems with that patient an hour ago. If I wait another ten minutes, I am sure he (have, still) By the time he's finally ready to see me, I (wait) two hours. 3. Frank: What are you going to be doing tomorrow at problems with her. for more than

five?

Debbie: I

(paint) my living room walls. Frank: Still? How long have you been working on your living room? Debbie: Forever. By the time I finish, I (redecorate) the living room for over a week. Frank: Too bad. I was going to ask if you wanted to see a movie. What about the day after tomorrow? Debbie: Sorry, I (move) furniture and (put) up drapes.

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4. Mr. Jones: What are you going to be doing next year at this time? Mr. McIntyre: I (work) for a big law firm in New Orleans. Mr. Jones: I didn't know you were leaving Baton Rouge. Mr. McIntyre: I got a great job offer which I just can't refuse. Besides, by the time I move, I (live) about time for a change. in Baton Rouge for over twenty years. I think it's

Verb Tense Practice Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. 2. You look really great! (you, work) A: What (you, do) out at the fitness center recently?

when the accident occurred? to change a light bulb that had burnt out. the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a

B: I (try) 3. I (have) new one. If it (snow) A: What

4. 5.

this weekend, we (go) do you call librarians. people who

skiing near Lake Tahoe. work in libraries?

B: They (call) 6.

I came to England six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When I return to Australia, I (study) (be) in England for exactly one year. in San Diego a week ago. in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she there when the Berlin wall came down. drinking, she (lose, eventually) her job. for nine months and I

7. 8.

Sam (arrive) Samantha (live) (live)

9.

If Vera (keep)

10. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually) first (arrive) in the New World. . by the time Europeans

11. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep)

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12. It (rain) beach.

all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the

13. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) (be)

the bus this morning. You

late to work too many times. You are fired! up

14. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) .

15. I have not traveled much yet; however, I (visit) San Francisco by the time I leave the United States.

the Grand Canyon and

16. I (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small. 17. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) much easier and very two or three months to cross very rough and often

dangerous. Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. 18. Joseph's English (improve, really) , isn't it? He (watch)

American television programs and (study) his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent. 19. When I (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Jane

(prepare)

a beautiful candlelight dinner. at

20. If you (need) to contact me sometime next week, I (stay) the Sheraton in San Francisco.

Verb Tense Final Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review

Complete questions 1-10 below with the appropriate tenses, answer questions 11-15, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.

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1. When Carol (call) television. 2. I (work) here until I retire!

last night, I (watch)

my favorite show on

for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay

3. Sharon (love) to travel. She (go) summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru. 4. Thomas is an author. He (write)

abroad almost every

mystery novels and travel memoirs. He

(write) since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry. 5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) the train station, Susan (wait) 6. Sam (try) (fell) . up at 6 o'clock, (eat) breakfast at 7 for us for more than two hours. and to

to change a light bulb when he (slip)

7. Everyday I (wake) o'clock and (leave) (get)

for work at 8 o'clock. However, this morning I breakfast and (leave) to set my alarm. the newspaper and Kathy (make) the same thing. She the newspaper. Tomorrow at this time, dinner people!

up at 6:30, (skip)

for work late because I (forget) 8. Right now, Jim (read)

dinner. Last night at this time, they (do) (cook) they (do, also) and he (read) and he (read)

the same thing. She (prepare) . They are very predictable

9. By this time next summer, you (complete) (find) a job. I, on the other hand, (accomplish, not) and you (work)

your studies and

anything. I (study, still) high paying job. 10. The students (be, usually) (teach)

in some new

taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they

taught by Mr. Tanzer.

11. Jane talks on the phone. 12. Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
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Mary is talking on the phone. Who is not necessarily on the phone now? 13. I'm going to make dinner for Frank. I'm making dinner for Judy. I'll make dinner for Mary. I make dinner for Ted. I will be making dinner for Tony. Who are you offering to make dinner for? 14. Jane left when Tim arrived. Bob left when Tim had arrived. When Tim arrived, Mary was leaving. John had left when Tim arrived. After Tim arrived, Frank left. Who did not run into Tim? 15. Jane is talking in class. Bob always talks in class. Mary is always talking in class. Whose action bothers you? 16. Jane never left Jamestown. Bob has never left Jamestown. Who is still alive?

PREPOSITIONS

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Prepositions of Place
Lista de preposiciones de lugar del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. On, upon, in, at, inside, outside, above, below .

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

on (on) - sobre, en, encima de upon (apn) - sobre, en, encima de(formal) in (in) - en, dentro de at (at) - en inside (insid) - dentro de, en outside (utsid) afuera, fuera, fuera de above (abv) - encima de, sobre, arriba below (bilu) - debajo de

on (on) - sobre, en, encima de

The children left their books on the table. Los nios dejaron sus libros sobre la mesa. He was standing on the corner waiting for her. El estaba parado en la esquina esperndola. There was a spider on the wall. Haba una araa en la pared.

upon (apn) - sobre, en, encima de(formal)

The corpse was lying upon the bed. El cadver yaca sobre la cama. The bird had perched upon the branch.
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El pjaro se haba posado sobre la rama. Bill was eating with his elbows upon the table. Bill estaba comiendo con sus codos sobre la mesa.

in (in) - en, dentro de

What do you have in your mouth? Qu tienes dentro de la boca? We spent a few days in Paris last year. Pasamos unos das en Paris el ao pasado. There were two girls swimming in the river. Haba dos chicas nadando en el ro.

at (at) - en
My parents are at work. Mis padres estn en el trabajo. Bill is waiting for his girlfriend at the bus stop. Bill est esperando a su novia en la parada de autobs. The museum is at the end of this street. El museo est al final de esta calle.

inside (insid) - dentro de, en

The children were playing inside the house. Los chicos estaban jugando dentro de la casa. I think there is a surprise for you inside the box. Creo que hay una sorpresa para ti dentro de la caja. The water is cold because it was inside the fridge. El agua est fra porque estaba en la heladera.

outside (utsid) - afuera, fuera, fuera de

The dog sleeps outside the house. El perro duerme fuera de la casa. My family lives just outside Rome. Mi familia vive en las afueras de Roma. Jack hopes to be outside the prison soon. Jack espera estar fuera de la crcel pronto.

above (abv) - encima de, sobre, arriba

We were flying above the clouds. Estbamos volando por encima de la nubes. The city is 300 meters above sea level. La ciudad est a 300 metros por encima del nivel del mar. The patient's temperature was above normal. La temperatura del paciente estaba por encima de lo normal.

below (bilu) - debajo de

She has an apartment below mine. Ella tiene un departamento debajo del mo.
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It is freezing! The temperature is below zero. Est helando! La temperatura est bajo cero. Jane had a pimple just below her right eye. Jane tena un grano justo debajo de su ojo derecho.

Prepositions of Place
Lista de preposiciones de lugar del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. Over, under, beneath, underneath, by, near, close to, across.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

over (uver) - encima de, sobre under (nder) - debajo de, bajo beneath (biniz) - bajo, debajo de underneath (anderniz) - bajo, debajo de by (bi) - al lado de, junto a near (nar) - cerca de close to (clus tchu) - cerca de across (acrs) - a lo ancho de, a travs de, al otro lado de

over (uver) - encima de, sobre

The maid put a cloth over the table. La criada puso un mantel sobre la mesa. They have built a bridge over the river. Han construido un puente sobre el ro. The helicopter was flying over the area. El helicptero estaba volando sobre el rea.

under (nder) - debajo de, bajo

Somebody left a frog under her bed. Alguien dej una rana debajo de su cama. I have a shirt under my sweater. Tengo una camisa debajo de mi suter. Everything was under control at that moment. Todo estaba bajo control en ese momento.

beneath (biniz) - bajo, debajo de

There is a basement beneath the house. Hay un stano debajo de la casa. Jimmy hid all his toys beneath his bed. Jimmy escondi todos sus juguetes debajo de su cama. I was sitting beneath my beach umbrella. Estaba sentado debajo de mi sombrilla de playa

underneath (anderniz) - bajo, debajo de

There is rust underneath the paint.
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Hay xido debajo de la pintura. The letter was found underneath the carpet. La carta fue encontrada debajo de la alfombra. Miners work underneath the ground. Los mineros trabajan debajo del suelo.

by (bi) - al lado de, junto a

She came into the room and sat by my side. Ella entr al cuarto y se sent a mi lado. I have a beautiful house by the river. Tengo una hermosa casa junto al ro. The dog was lying asleep by the fire. El perro estaba acostado dormido al lado del fuego.

near (nar) - cerca de

There is a pay phone near that monument. Hay un telfono pblico cerca de ese monumento. It is terrible to live near an airport. Es horrible vivir cerca de un aeropuerto. The hospital was built near the university. El hospital fue contrudo cerca de la universidad.

close to (clus tchu) - cerca de

Our house in close to the airport. Nuestra casa est cerca del aeropuerto. There was a gas station close to the supermarket. Haba una gasolinera cerca del supermercado. The dog remained close to its master. El perro permaneci cerca de su amo.

across (acrs) - a lo ancho de, a travs de, al otro lado de

There was a fallen tree across the road. Haba un rbol cado a lo ancho del camino. They placed a fishing net across the river. Ellos colocaron una red de pesca a travs del ro. My sister lives across the park. Mi hermana vive al otro lado del parque.

Prepositions of Place
Lista de preposiciones de lugar del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. along, a/round, against, on top of, at the bottom of, in front of, ...

1. 2. 3.

along (alng) - a lo largo de around (arund) -alrededor de, cerca de, por round (rund) - alrededor de, en torno a, por
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

against (egunst) - contra, en contra de on top of (on tp ov) - encima de, sobre, arriba de at the bottom of (at de btom ov) - en la base de, debajo de, en el fondo dein front of (in frnt ov) - enfrente de opposite (posit) - enfrente de, frente a behind (bijind) - detrs, detrs de

along (alng) - a lo largo de

Cars were parked all along the road. Los autos estaban estacionados a lo largo de todo el camino. There were palm trees along the avenue. Haba palmeras a lo largo de la avenida. You can see beautiful mansions all along this street. Puedes ver hermosas mansiones a lo largo de esta calle.

around (arund) -alrededor de, cerca de, por

He is wearing a chain around his neck. El est usando una cadena alrededor de su cuello. Is there any book store around here? Hay alguna librera por aqu? There is a bus stop around the corner. Hay una parada de autobs a la vuelta de la esquina.

round (rund) - alrededor de, en torno a, por

There was a fence round the house. Haba una cerca alrededor de la casa. The shop is just round the corner. La tienda est justo a la vuelta de la esquina. There were many reporters round the actress. Haba muchos reporteros en torno a la actriz.

against (egunst) - contra, en contra de

Why is that table against the wall? Por qu est esa mesa contra la pared? I leaned my bicycle against the tree. Apoy mi bicicleta contra el rbol. The journalist wrote an article against the government. El periodista escribi un artculo en contra del gobierno.

on top of (on tp ov) - encima de, sobre, arriba de

There was a black cat lying on top of the roof. Haba un gato negro acostado encima del techo. He was standing on top of the tower watching the horizon. El estaba parado arriba de la torre mirando el horizonte. The missing book was on top of the fridge. El libro perdido estaba encima de la heladera.

At the botton of (at de bottom ov) - en la base de, debajo de, en el

There was a small cabin at the bottom of the mountain.

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Haba una pequea cabaa al pie de la montaa. The copyright notice goes at the bottom of the page. El aviso de copyright va en la parte inferior de la pgina. They found a treasure at the bottom of the sea. Ellos encontraron un tesoro en el fondo del mar.

in front of (in frnt ov) enfrente de

Just stand in front of the TV and don't move. Slo prate enfrente de la TV y no te muevas. There is a bus stop in front of my house. Hay una parada de autobs enfrente de mi casa. She hit her brother right in front of her mother. Ella golpe a su hermano justo enfrente de su madre.

opposite (posit) - enfrente de, frente a

They sat opposite each other and started arguing. Se sentaron uno frente al otro y comenzaron a discutir. My house is opposite the church. Mi casa est en frente de la iglesia. (cruzando la calle) I don't want her to be sitting opposite me. No quiero que ella est sentada en frente de m.

behind (bijind) - detrs, detrs de

There is a garden behind the house. Hay un jardn detrs de la casa. Who is the woman behind John? Quin es la mujer que est detrs de John? I wonder what is behind his friendly attitude. Me pregunto que hay detrs de su actitud amistosa.

Prepositions of Place
Lista de preposiciones de lugar del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. Beside, next to, within, beyond, between, among, amid, before, ...

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

beside (bisid) - al lado de, junto a next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a within (uidn) - dentro de, a menos de beyond (bi-ind) - ms all de between (bitun) - entre among (amng) - entre, en medio de amid (amd) - entre, en medio de before (bifr) - delante de, ante
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9. 10.

after (fter) - despus de, tras throughout (zruut) - por todo, a travs de todo

beside (bisid) - al lado de, junto a

The dog stayed beside its master all night. El perro se qued al lado de su amo toda la noche. There is a woman standing beside your car. Hay una mujer parada junto a tu coche. Mary sat beside me. Mara se sent junto a m.

next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a

The bank is next to a police station. El banco est al lado de una comisara. Who is sitting next to Bill? Quin est sentado junto a Bill? Can I sit next to the window? Me puedo sentar junto a la ventana?

within (uidn) - dentro de, a menos de

Many prisoners died within the walls of that prison. Muchos prisioneros murieron dentro de los muros de esa prisin. The station is within two miles from here. La estacin est a menos de dos millas de aqu. That is not within our reach. Eso no est dentro de nuestro alcance.

beyond (bi-ind) - ms all de

There is a river beyond those mountains. Hay un ro ms all de esas montaas. The situation is beyond our control. La situacin est fuera de nuestro control. Are there planets beyond our solar system? Hay planetas ms all de nuestro sistema solar?

between (bitun) - entre

There is a big distance between the two cities. Hay una gran distancia entre las dos ciudades. There are no secrets between them. No hay secretos entre ellos. There was a fierce competition between those companies. Haba una feroz competencia entre esas empresas.

among (amng) - entre, en medio de

I parked my car among the others. Estacion mi auto en medio de los otros. Jesus divided the bread among his disciples.
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Jess dividi el pan entre sus discpulos. She saw her little son among the crowd. Ella vi a su hijito en medio de la multitud.

amid (amd) - entre, en medio de

He was standing amid the crowd. Estaba parado en medio de la multitud. I felt uncomfortable amid so many people. Me senta incmodo entre tantas personas. The prisoner managed to escape amid the confusion. El prisionero logr escapar en medio de la confusin.

before (bifr) - delante de, ante

The orator stood before the audience. El orador se par delante del auditorio. Your name is before mine on the list. Tu nombre est antes del mo en la lista. The letter Q comes before R in the alphabet. La letra Q viene antes de la R en el alfabeto.

after (fter) - despus de, tras

The teacher made pauses after each sentence. El profesor haca pausas despus de cada oracin. Leave a blank line after each question. Deja un rengln en blanco despus de cada pregunta. The letter X comes after W in the alphabet. La letra X viene despus de la W en el alfabeto.

throughout (zruut) - por todo, a travs de todo

It was raining throughout the country. Estaba lloviendo por todo el pas. Maradona is famous throughout the world. Maradona es famoso a travs de todo el mundo. The noise could be heard throughout the building. El ruido se poda or a travs de todo el edificio.

Prepositions of Direction
Listado de preposiciones de direccin del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. Up, down, into, out of, on, onto, off, over, under, to, from
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

up (p) - por, hacia arriba down (dun) - por, hacia abajo into (ntchu) - dentro de, al, hacia adentro out of (urov) - de, afuera de, fuera de on / onto (n / ntchu) - sobre, al off (off) - de, fuera de

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7. 8. 9. 10.

over (uver) - sobre, por encima de under (nder) - debajo de, bajo to (tch) - a, hacia from (frm) - de, desde

up (p) - por, hacia arriba

I saw a spider crawl up the wall. V una araa subir por la pared. Go up this road until you see a big house. V por este camino hasta que veas un gran casa. The skiers walked up the mountain to the cabin. Los esquiadores subieron la montaa hasta la cabaa.

down (dun) - por, hacia abajo

The little girl was walking down the street. La niita iba caminando por la calle. The skier fell and rolled down the mountain. El esquiador se cay y rod hacia abajo por la montaa. Don't push down the lever! No empujes hacia abajo la palanca!

into (ntchu) - dentro de, al, hacia adentro

The cook went into the kitchen. El cocinero fue a la cocina. He threw some vegetables into a pot. Arroj algunas verduras dentro de una olla. Bill jumped off the bridge into the river. Bill salt desde el puente al ro.

out of (urov) - de, afuera de, fuera de

He came out of the kitchen. l sali de la cocina. He took the vegetables out of the pot. Sac las verduras de la olla. A fish jumped out of the water into the canoe. Un pez salt del agua dentro de la canoa.

on / onto (n / ntchu) - sobre, al

The cook put the meal on the table. El cocinero puso la comida sobre la mesa. The actor stepped onto the stage. El actor subi al escenario. The cat jumped onto the table. El gato salt a la mesa.

off (off) - de, fuera de

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The parachutist jumped off the plane El paracaidista salt del avin. I took a book off the shelf Saqu un libro del estante. The actor fell off the stage. El actor se cay del escenario.

over (uver) - sobre, por encima de

The dog jumped over the fence and ran away. El perro salt la cerca y huy. There were two helicopters flying over the city. Haba dos helicpteros volando sobre la ciudad. Pour water over the victim's body. Vierte agua sobre el cuerpo de la vctima.

under (nder) - debajo de, bajo

The mouse went under the bed. El ratn se meti debajo de la cama. The little girl threw her doll under the table. La nia arroj su mueca debajo de la mesa. The tunnel goes under the river. El tunel pasa por debajo del ro.

to (tch) - a, hacia
They went straight to the university. Fueron directo a la universidad. The spaceship will fly to the moon. La nave espacial volar a la luna. I am going to London next month. Me estoy yendo a Londres el mes que viene.

from (frm) - de, desde

I took a bus from Miami to Chicago. Tom un autobs desde Miami a Chicago. These products are imported from Italy. Estos productos son importados de Italia. They came from abroad in 1886. Ellos vinieron desde el extranjero en 1886.

Prepositions of Direction
Listado de preposiciones de direccin del ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. towards, away from, along, across, through, around, by, past, after.

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

toward/s (tuard/s) - hacia away from (eui from) - fuera de, alejndose de along (alng) - a lo largo de, por across (acrs) - a travs de, cruzando through (zr) - a travs de around (arrund) - alrededor de, por by (bi) - por, cerca de, junto a past (pst) - ms all de, por delante de after (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras

toward/s (tuard/s) - hacia

Billy ran toward his mother when he saw her. Billy corri hacia su madre cuando la vi. The tornado was moving rapidly toward the city. El tornado estaba movindose rpidamente hacia la ciudad. Winds carry the pollution towards the sea. Los vientos llevan la contaminacin hacia el mar.

away from (eui from) - fuera de, alejndose de

The dog ran away from its master. El perro se alej corriendo de su amo. The plane flew away from the city. El avin se alej volando de la ciudad. We saw the thief running away from the police. Vimos al ladrn escapando de la polica.

along (alng) - a lo largo de, por

There was an elephant walking along the avenue. Haba un elefante caminando por la avenida. I walk along this street every day. Camino por esta calle todos los das. We saw a girl swimming along the river. Vimos una chica nadando por el ro.

across (acrs) - a travs de, cruzando

We swam across the river with difficulty. Nadamos a travs del ro con dificultad. They drew a line across the street. Trazaron una lnea a lo ancho de la calle. We ran across the park to get home sooner. Corrimos a travs del parque para llegar a casa ms pronto.

Through (zr) a travs de

I was able to see a house through the fog. Pude ver una casa a travs de la neblina. They chased the rabbit through the forest. Persiguieron al conejo a travs del bosque.

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The tunnel runs through the mountain. El tnel pasa a travs de la montaa.

Around (arrund) alrededor de, por

The painter was walking around the art gallery. El pintor estaba caminando por la galera de arte. The earth moves around the sun. La tierra se mueve alrededor del sol. There were several sharks swimming around the boat. Haba varios tiburones nadando alrededor del bote.

by (bi) - por, cerca de, junto a

We took the road that runs by the seashore. Tomamos el camino que corre cerca de la costa. The lieutenant passed by the general without saluting. El teniente pas cerca del general sin hacer el saludo. Many people pass by the beggar without looking. Muchas personas pasan cerca del mendigo sin mirar.

past (pst) - ms all de, por delante de

A blue car drove past the gate. Un auto azul pas por delante del portn. The soldiers marched past the monument. Los soldados marcharon por delante del monumento. They walked past us without speaking. Ellos pasaron por delante de nosotros sin hablar.

after (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras

The cat was running after the mouse. El gato estaba corriendo tras el ratn. The police went after the thieves. La polica fue tras los ladrones. Jack came running after us. Jack vino corriendo tras nosotros.

Prepositions of Time

Lista de preposiciones de tiempo en ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. About, around, before, after, during, over, for, throughout, ...
1. 2. 3.

about (abut) - aproximadamente, alrededor de around (arund) - aproximadamente, alrededor de before (bifr) - antes de
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

after (fter) - despus de during (diring) - durante over (uver) - durante for (for) - durante, por throughout (zruut) - durante todo

about (abut) - aproximadamente, alrededor de

The doctor will be here about three o'clock. El doctor estar aqu aproximadamente a las tres. They promised to be here about Friday. Prometieron estar aqu alrededor del viernes. Mary should arrive around four o'clock. Mary debera llegar alrededor de las cuatro.

around (arund) - aproximadamente, alrededor de before (bifr) - antes de

Mary left before dinner. Mary se march antes de la cena. They will be here before the weekend. Ellos estarn aqu antes del fin de semana. The engineers will complete the project before March. Los ingenieros completarn proyecto antes de marzo.

after (fter) - despus de

Susan went to bed after dinner. Susan se fue a la cama despus de la cena. It is five minutes after three o'clock. Son cinco minutos despus de las tres. The explorer was tired after such a long journey. El explorador estaba cansado despus de semejante largo viaje.

during (diring) - durante

Trees blossom during the spring. Los rboles florecen durante la primavera. Jimmy will be working during the morning. Jimmy estar trabajando durante la maana. The people yawned during the politician's speech. La gente bostez durante el discurso del poltico.

over (uver) - durante

This vaccine has been tested over the past ten years. Esta vacuna ha sido probada durante los ltimos diez aos. We saw him several times over the weekend. Lo vimos varias veces durante el fin de semana. Thousands of tourists will be coming over the holidays. Miles de turistas estarn viniendo durante las vacaciones.

for (for) - durante, por

They intend to stay there for two weeks.
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Ellos planean quedarse all por dos semanas. Jews celebrate Passover for seven or eight days. Los judos celebran la Pascua durante siete u ocho das. Sales have increased for the past two months. Las ventas han aumentado durante los dos ltimos meses.

throughout (zruut) - durante todo

Bill slept throughout the conference. Bill durmi durante toda la conferencia. It was rainy throughout the summer. Estuvo lluvioso durante todo el verano. Sales will increase throughout the next quarter. Las ventas aumentarn durante todo el prximo trimestre.

Prepositions of Time
Lista de preposiciones de tiempo en ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. Since, until, to, past, between...and... , within, from...to/till/until, as from/of, ...
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

since (sns) - desde until (antl) - hasta to (tch) - para, hacia past (past) - pasado between...and... (bitun...and...) - entre...y... within (uidn) - entre, en no ms de from...to / till / until... (from...tch/til/antl...) - desde...hasta... as from / as of (as from / as ov) - a partir de

since (sns) - desde

Jack has lived in London since 1994. Jack ha vivido en Londres desde 1994. It has been raining since yesterday. Ha estado lloviendo desde ayer. The population has increased a lot since the last census. La poblacin ha aumentado un montn desde el ltimo censo.

until (antl) - hasta

The letter will not be sent until Friday. La carta no ser enviada hasta el viernes. Why don't you stay until tomorrow? Porqu no te quedas hasta maana? Can you work today till nine? Puedes trabajar hoy hasta las nueve?

to (tch) - para, hacia

It's a quarter to three. Falta un cuarto para las tres. It's only five minutes to six.
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Faltan slo cinco minutos para las seis. How long is it to dinner? Cunto falta para la cena?

past (past) - pasado

It was past midnight when they arrived. Era pasada la medianoche cuando ellos llegaron. It's five past nine now. Son las nueve y cinco ahora. We didn't eat till past midnight. No comimos hasta pasada la medianoche.

between...and... (bitun...and...) - entre...y...

This bank is open between one and five in the afternoon. Este banco est abierto entre la una y las cinco de la tarde. He sleeps between five and six hours per day. El duerme entre cinco y seis horas por da. The letter should arrive between Tuesday and Friday. La carta debera llegar entre el martes y el viernes.

within (uidn) - entre, en no ms de

The show will start within an hour. El show comenzar dentro de una hora. They have to build the house within a month. Ellos tienen que construir la casa en menos de un mes. I'll be back within three weeks. Estar de regreso dentro de tres semanas.

from...to / till / until... (from...tch/til/antl...) - desde...hasta...

She works from nine to five every day. Ella trabaja de nueve a cinco todos los das. We lived in Colombia from 1987 till 1998. Vivimos en Colombia desde 1978 hasta 1998. She stayed from Monday until Friday. Ella se qued desde el lunes hasta el viernes.

as from / as of (as from / as ov) - a partir de

They will be living here as from Saturday. Ellos estarn viviendo aqu a partir del sbado. As of Monday, I will follow a new diet. A partir del lunes, seguir una nueva dieta. As from July, the store will be open till ten. A partir de julio, la tienda estar abierta hasta las diez.

Prepositions of Time
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Lista de preposiciones de tiempo en ingls con sus traducciones, pronunciacin y ejemplos de uso. By, beyond, on, at, in.

by (bi) - para, antes de

They will be here by five o'clock PM. Ellos estarn aqu para las cinco de la tarde. The letter will be delivered by Friday. La carta ser entregada antes del viernes. Try to be there by Thursday. Trata de estar all para el jueves.

beyond (bi-ind) - ms all de

The workers should not work beyond five o'clock. Los trabajadores no deberan trabajar ms all de las cinco. I don't think they will stay beyond Friday. No creo que ellos se queden ms all del viernes. Applications will not be accepted beyond the deadline. Las solicitudes no sern aceptadas ms all de la fecha lmite.

on (on) - en (para los das - On Monday, On Tuesday,...etc.)

Everybody here goes to church on Sundays. Todo el mundo aqu va a la iglesia los domingos. The trial will be held on Tuesday morning. El juicio se llevar a cabo el martes por la maana. Bill celebrates his birthday on the 7th of July. Bill festeja su cumpleaos el 7 de julio.

at (at) - a (se usa para la horas)

Bill gets up at 7 o'clock every morning. Bill se levanta a las 7 todas las maanas. Everybody in the company has lunch at noon. Todo el mundo en la empresa almuerza al medioda. I left work at ten o'clock last night. Me fui del trabajo a las 10 anoche.

in (in) - en (para meses, estacions, aos y partes del da)

That monument was built in May / in 1893. Ese monumento fue construdo en mayo / en 1993. I study in the morning / afternoon / evening. Yo estudio en la maana / tarde / noche. I will see you in two weeks. Te ver en dos semanas.

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Prepositions in/on/at (of time)

Ejemplos de uso de las preposiciones de tiempo "in, on, at". At 5 o'clock, On Monday, In winter. Usamos "at" para: At + hora del da

At 6:30 - A las 6:30 At 7 o'clock - A las siete At dawn - Al amanecer At lunchtime - Al medioda At midnight - A la medianoche

At + da festivo

At Christmas - En Navidad At Easter - En Pascuas At New Year - En Ao Nuevo At Lent - En Cuaresma At Holy Week - En Semana Santa

At + ciertas expresiones

At the moment - En este momento At the weekend - El fin de semana At that time - En ese tiempo At night - A la noche At noon - Al medioda

Usamos "on" para: On + da

On Monday - El lunes On Tuesday - El martes On Wednesday - El mircoles On Thursday - El jueves

On + da + parte del da

On Friday morning - El viernes por la maana On Saturday afternoon - El sbado por la tarde On Sunday evening - El domingo a la noche

On + fechas

On Christmas Day - El da de Navidad On July 4th - El 4 de Julio On December 31st 1966 - El 31 de diciembre de 1966

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Usamos "in" para: In + partes del da

In the morning - Por la maana In the afternoon - Por la tarde In the evening - Por la noche

In + meses

In January - En enero In February - En febrero In May - En mayo

In + aos In 1966 - En 1966 In 1845 - En 1845 In the 1960s - En los sesenta In + estaciones del ao

In summer - En verano In spring - En primavera In fall / autumn - En otoo In winter - En invierno In the early summer - El comenzar el verano

In + largos perodos

In the 19th century - En el siglo 19 In the past - En el pasado In the future - En el futuro In the Middle Ages - En la Edad Media In the Stone Age - En la Edad de piedra

In + referencia al futuro

I will be there in two days - Estar all en dos das In nine months - En nueve meses In five minutes - En cinco minutos In three years - En tres aos In seven hours - En siete horas

Prepositions in/on/at (of place)

Ciertas preposiciones son invariables a la hora de construir expresiones de lugar. Por ejemplo: At home, On a bus, In Argentina. Usamos "at" para: At + lugares comunes

At home - En casa At school - En la escuela

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At work - En el trabajo At university - En la universidad At the dentist's - En el dentista At the movies - En el cine At the theater - En el teatro At the airport - En el aeropuerto At the library - En la biblioteca At the doctor's - En el doctor At the bank - En el banco At a concert - En el concierto At a meeting - En la reunin At a party - En la fiesta At John's - En lo de John At Laura's - En lo de Laura

At + lugares especficos At Madison Square Garden At Kennedy Airport At Buckingham Palace At the University of Florida At + direcciones y domicilios At 2354 Rivadavia Avenue At 3456 Belgrano Street At + ciertas cosas o posiciones At the top - En la cima / arriba de todo At the bottom - En el fondo / debajo de todo At the side - A un lado/costado At the front - En el frente At the back - En la parte de atrs At the end - Al final At the door - En la puerta At the window - En la ventana At the reception - En la recepcin Usamos "on" para: On + superficies

On the floor - En el piso On the ceiling - En el techo On the table - En la mesa On the chair - En la silla On the list - En la lista On the map - En el mapa On the beach - En la playa On the shelf - En el estante

On + medios de transporte On a ship - En un barco On a train - En un tren On a plane - En un avin On a bus - En un autobs On a bicycle - En una bicicleta On a motorcycle - En una motocicleta
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On a horse - A caballo On a ferry - En un transbordador

On + partes del cuerpo On my leg - En mi pierna On your arm - En tu brazo On his shoulder - En su hombro On + direcciones On the left - A la izquierda On the right - A la derecha On the way - En el camino On + ciertas cosas y lugares On the radio - En la radio On television - En la TV On a farm - En una granja Usamos "in" para: In + pases

In Argentina In Spain In Mexico

In + ciudades In New York In Madrid In Mexico City In + habitaciones In the bathroom - En el bao In the kitchen - En la cocina In the bedroom - En el dormitorio In + cuerpos de agua In the sea - En el mar In the water - En el agua In a river - En un ro In the ocean - En el ocano In + clima/tiempo In the rain - En la lluvia In the sun - En el sol In the wind - En el viento In the fog - En la neblina In + ciertos lugares y expresiones In prison - En prisin In hospital - En el hospital In bed - En la cama In Oak Street - En la calle Oak In a line - En una cola In a row - En fila In a queue - En una cola
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In the sky - En el cielo In a book - En libro In a magazine - En una revista In a letter - En una carta In a mirror - En un espejo In a car - En un auto In a taxi - En un taxi In a helicopter - En un helicptero

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: about, above, according to, across, after, against, ahead of.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

about (abut) - acerca de, respecto a, sobre, alrededor de above (abv) - encima de, por encima de, arriba de according to (acrding tchu) - segn, de acuerdo a, de acuerdo con across (acrs) - a travs de, al otro lado de, a lo ancho de after (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras against (agunst) - contra, en contra de ahead of (ejd ov) - delante de

about (abut) - acerca de, respecto a, sobre, alrededor de

Sara had written an article about divorce. Sara haba escrito un artculo sobre el divorcio. Let me tell you about my proposal. Djame contarte sobre mi propuesta. The doctor will come in about an hour. El doctor vendr en alrededor de una hora. They promised to be here about Thursday. Prometieron estar aqu alrededor del jueves.

above (abv) - encima de, por encima de, arriba de

That city is 1000 meters above sea level. Esa ciudad est a 1000 metros por encima del nivel del mar. We were flying above the clouds. Estbamos volando por arriba de las nubes. The patient's temperature was above normal. La temperatura del paciente estaba arriba de lo normal. There is a title above each image. Hay un ttulo encima de cada imgen.

according to (acrding tchu) - segn, de acuerdo a, de acuerdo con

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Everything was done according to the rules. Todo se hizo conforme a las reglas. According to statistics, sales increased this year. Segn las estadsicas, las ventas se incrementaron este ao. According to Jack, no mistakes were made. Segn Jack, no se cometi ningn error. The workers wil be paid according to their achievements. Se les pagar a los trabajadores de acuerdo a sus logros.

across (acrs) - a travs de, al otro lado de, a lo ancho de

We swam across the river with difficulty. Cruzamos nadando el ro con dificultad. My apartment is across the street from the bank. Mi departamento est cruzando la calle desde el banco. They placed a fishing net across the river. Ellos colocaron una red de pesca a lo ancho del ro. We travelled across Europe by train. Viajamos a travs de Europa en tren.

after (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras

Susan went to bed after dinner. Susan se fue a la cama despus de la cena. It is five minutes after three o'clock. Son cinco minutos despus de las tres. The cat was running after the mouse. El gato estaba corriendo tras el ratn. Jack came running after us. Jack vino corriendo tras nosotros.

against (agunst) - contra, en contra de

That activitiy is against the law. Esa actividad es contra la ley. We'll have to get vaccinated against malaria. Tendremos que vacunarnos contra la malaria. The journalist wrote an article against the goverment. El periodista escribi un artculo en contra del gobierno. I leaned my bicycle against the tree. Apoy mi bicicleta contra el rbol.

ahead of (ejd ov) - delante de

Our team was five points ahead of the other. Nuestro equipo estaba a cinco puntos adelante del otro. The road ahead of us was blocked. El camino delante de nosotros estaba bloqueado. That man's ideas were ahead of his time. Las ideas de ese hombre estaban adelantadas a su poca. Jack was several meters ahead of the other runners. Jack estaba a varios metros delante de los otros corredores.

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List of Prepositions

Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: all over, along, alongside, amid, amidst, among, apart from. all over (l uver) - por todo, a travs de todo along (alng) - a lo largo de, por alongside (alng-sid) - al lado de, al costado de, junto con amid / amidst (amid / amidst) - en medio de, entre among (amng) - entre, en medio de apart from (aprt from) - aparte de, excepto por

all over (l uver) - por todo, a travs de todo

There were wounded soldiers all over the battlefield. Haba soldados heridos por todo el campo de batalla. This music is becoming popular all over the world. Esta msica se est volviendo popular en todo el mundo. They organized protests all over the country. Organizaron protestas por todo el pas. She had freckles all over her body. Ella tena pecas por todo el cuerpo.

along (alng) - a lo largo de, por

The cars were parked all along the road. Los autos estaban estacionados a lo largo de todo el camino. You can see beautiful mansions all along this street. Puedes ver hermosas mansiones a lo largo de esta calle. We saw a girl swimming along the river. Vimos una chica nadando por el ro. I was walking along the street when I lost my wallet. Estaba caminando por la calle cuando perd mi billetera.

alongside (alng-sid) - al lado de, al costado de, junto con

He parked his car alongside mine and got out. Estacion su auto al lado del mo y se baj. We have a beautiful house alongside the river. Tenemos una casa hermosa al lado del ro. There's a CD that you can use alongside the book. Hay un CD que puedes usar junto con el libro. In that war, civilians fought alongside soldiers. En esa guerra, los civiles combatieron junto con los soldados.

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amid / amidst (amid / amidst) - en medio de, entre

I felt very uncomfortable amid so many people Me senta muy incmodo entre tantas personas. The prisoner managed to escape amid the confusion. El prisionero logr escapar en medio de la confusin. He was standing amid the crowd. Estaba parado en medio de la multitud. Paramedics found the little girl amid the debris Los paramdicos encontraron a la nia entre las escombros.

among (amng) - entre, en medio de

I parked my car among the others. Estacion mi auto en medio de los otros. Jesus divided the bread among his disciples. Jess dividi el pan entre sus discpulos. She saw her little son among the crowd. Ella vi a su hijito en medio de la multitud. to travel by train.

Among other things, she likes Entre otras cosas, a ella le gusta viajar en tren. apart from (aprt from) - aparte de, excepto por

It was a nice dinner party, apart from a few incidents. Fue una linda cena, excepto por algunos incidentes. Apart five cars, he also owns a yacht. Aparte de cinco autos, l tambin posee un yate . Apart from a few scratches, the car was in a good condition. Excepto por unos rayones, el auto estaba en buena condicin. Apart from that gift, what else did you receive? Aparte de ese regalo, qu ms recibiste?

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: around, round, as of, as from, as for, as to, at, because of, before.

around / round (arund / rund) - alrededor de, por as of / as from (as ov / as from) - a partir de as for / as to (as for / as tch) - en cuanto a, con respecto a at (at) - en, a because of (bics ov) - debido a before (bifr) - antes de, delante de
around / round (arund / rund) - alrededor de, por

Mary should arrive around four o'clock. Mary debera llegar alrededor de las cuatro. Is there any book store around here?

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Hay alguna librera por aqu? He is wearing a chain around his neck. El est usando una cadena alrededor de su cuello. We saw several sharks swimming round the boat. Vimos varios tiburones nadando alrededor del bote . as of / as from (as ov / as from) - a partir de

They will be living here as from Saturday. Ellos estarn viviendo aqu a partir del sbado. As of Monday, I will follow a new diet. A partir del lunes, seguir una nueva dieta. As from July, the store will be open till ten. A partir de julio, la tienda estar abierta hasta las diez. The supermarket will be closed for five days as of tomorrow. El supermercado estar cerrado por cinco das a partir de maana.

as for / as to (as for / as tch) - en cuanto a, con respecto a

No claim was made as to the accuracy of the editorial. No se hizo ningn reclamo en cuanto a la exactitud del editorial. The police are unsure as to the exact time of the murder. La polica no est segura con respecto a la hora exacta del asesinato. She was uncertain as to which dress she was going to put on. Ella estaba indecisa con respecto a qu vestido se iba a poner. As for your book, I think it will become a bestseller. En cuanto a tu libro, creo que se convertir en un bestseller.

at (at) - en, a

We stayed at home because it was raining. Nos quedamos en casa porque estaba lloviendo. We usually get up at 8 o'clock in the morning. Generalmente nos levantamos a las ocho de la maana. The museum is at the end of this street. El museo est al final de esta calle. The soldiers fired at the enemy. Los soldados le dispararon al enemigo.

because of (bics ov) - debido a

The game was cancelled because of the rain. El partido fue cancelado debido a la lluvia. We arrived very late because of the traffic jam. LLegamos muy tarde debido al embotellamiento de trnsito. She didn't have any friends because of her shyness. Ella no tena amigos debido a su timidez. Bill couldn't become a pilot because of his bad eyesight. Bill no pudo convertirse en piloto debido a su vista deficiente.

before (bifr) - antes de, delante de

They will be here before the weekend. Ellos estarn aqu antes del fin de semana.
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The engineers will complete the project before March. Los ingenieros completarn el proyecto antes de marzo. The orator stood before the audience and started his speech. El orador se par delante del auditorio y comenz su discurso. Your name is before mine on the list. Tu nombre est antes del mo en la lista.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: behind, below, beneath, underneath, beside, besides, between. behind (bijind) - detrs, detrs de below (bilu) - debajo de beneath / underneath (biniz / anderniz) - debajo de beside (bisid) - junto a, al lado de besides (bisds) - adems de, aparte de between (bitun) - entre behind (bijind) - detrs, detrs de

Who is the woman standing behind John? Quin es la mujer que est de pie detrs de John? There is a garden behind the house. Hay un jardn detrs de la casa. I wonder what is behind his friendly attitude. Me pregunto que hay detrs de su actitud amistosa. The new boxer is two points behind the champion. El nuevo boxeador est a dos puntos detrs del campen.

below (bilu) - debajo de

She has an apartment below mine. Ella tiene un departamento debajo del mo. It is freezing! The temperature is below zero. Est helando! La temperatura est bajo cero. Jane had a pimple just below her right eye. Jane tena un grano justo debajo de su ojo derecho. That city is 200 meters below the sea level. Esa ciudad est a 200 metros debajo del nivel del mar.

beneath (biniz) / underneath (anderniz) - debajo de

As I walked I felt the warm sand beneath my feet. Mientras caminaba, senta la arena caliente debajo de mis pies. Johnny hid all his toys beneath his bed. Johnny escondi todos sus juguetes debajo de su cama. There is a basement beneath the house. Hay un stano debajo de la casa. Miners work underneath the ground.
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Los mineros trabajan debajo del suelo. beside (bisid) - junto a, al lado de

The dog stayed beside its master all night. El perro se qued al lado de su amo toda la noche. There is a woman standing beside your car. Hay una mujer parada junto a tu coche. Mary sat beside me without speaking. Mary se sent al lado mo sin hablar. They have built a beautiful mansion beside the lake Han construdo una hermosa mansin al lado del lago.

besides (bisds) - adems de, aparte de

Besides Spanish, she speaks Italian and French. Adems de espaol, ella habla italiano y francs. Many other people were there, besides us Muchas otras personas estaban all, adems de nosotros. He was promised a promotion, besides a better salary. Se le prometi un ascenso, adems de un mejor sueldo. Besides his reputation, he has nothing else left. Aparte de su reputacin, a l no le queda nada ms.

between (bitun) - entre

What will you do between 7 and 9 o'clock? Qu hars entre las 7 y las 9? There is a big distance between the two cities. Hay una gran distancia entre las dos ciudades. He divided his money between his wife, his son and his nephew. El dividi su dinero entre su esposa, su hijo y su sobrino. There was a fierce competition between those companies. Haba una feroz competencia entre esas compaas.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: beyond, but, by, concerning, regarding, considering, contrary to.

beyond (bi-ind) - ms all de, fuera de but (bat) - salvo, menos, sino by (bi) - al lado de, junto a, por concerning / regarding (concrning / rigrding) - con respecto a, acerca de considering (consdering) - considerando, teniendo en cuenta, en vista de contrary to (cntrari tchu) - contrario a, contrariamente a

You will find a river beyond those mountains.

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Encontrars un ro ms all de esas montaas. Applications will not be accepted beyond the deadline. Las solicitudes no sern aceptadas ms all de la fecha lmite. Her honesty is beyond doubt. Su honestidad est fuera de duda. Are there planets beyond our solar system? Hay planetas ms all de nuestro sistema solar?

but (bat) - salvo, menos, sino

He works every day but Monday. El trabaja todos los das menos el lunes. We eat any kind of food but meat. Comemos cualquier clase de alimento menos carne. Who else but Susan could have said such a thing? Quin ms salvo Susan podra haber dicho tal cosa? Everybody was there but you. Todo el munto estuvo all salvo t.

by (bi) - al lado de, junto a, por

The film was directed by Spielberg. La pelcula fue dirigida por Spielberg. The little boy was bitten by his own dog. El niito fue mordido por su propio perro. They will travel by train / by bus / by plane, etc. Ellos viajarn por tren / por autobs / por avin, etc. The dog was sleeping by the fire. El perro estaba durmiendo al lado del fuego.

concerning (concrning) / regarding (rigrding) - con respecto a, acerca de

She made no comments concerning the meeting. No hizo ningn comentario concerniente a la reunin. Do you have any news concerning my job application? Tienes alguna noticia respecto a mi solicitud de trabajo? She had no idea concerning her promotion in the company. Ella no tena ninguna idea acerca de su ascenso en la compaa. Regarding the inflation, the goverment is in panic. Con respecto a la inflacin, el gobierno est en pnico.

considering (consdering) - considerando, teniendo en cuenta, en vista de

We deserve better services, considering the taxes we pay. Merecemos mejores sevicios, teniendo en cuenta los impuestos que pagamos. Considering his humble origin, I think he has made a great progress. Teniendo en cuenta su humilde origen, creo que ha hecho un gran progreso. You did very well at the exam, considering its complexity. Te fue muy bien en el examen, teniendo en cuenta su complejidad. My grandmother is a very active woman, considering her age. Mi abuela es una mujer muy activa, teniendo en cuenta su edad.

contrary to (cntrari tchu) - contrario a, contrariamente a

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Contrary to what we thought, he finally won the tennis match. Contrariamente a lo que pensamos, l finalmente gan el partido de tenis. His ideas about capitalism are contrary to my own. Sus ideas sobre el capitalismo son contrarias a las mas. Contrary to popular opinion, she is, in fact, a good person. Contrariamente a la opinin pupular, ella es, de hecho, una buena persona. Contrary to all our expectations, he finally succeded. Contrariamente a todas nuestras expectativas, l finalmente tuvo xito.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: despite, in spite of, down, due to, owing to, during, except for.

despite / in spite of (dispit / in spit ov) - a pesar de down (dun) - por, hacia abajo due to / owing to (di tchu / uing tchu) - debido a during (diring) - durante except / except for (egspt) - excepto, fuera de, excepto por despite (dispit) / in spite of (in spit ov) - a pesar de

It was a great match in spite of the bad the weather. Fue un gran partido, a pesar del mal tiempo. Despite his bad reputation, he won the elections. A pesar de su mala reputacin, l gan las elecciones. He continued smoking in spite of his doctor's advice. El continu fumando a pesar del consejo de su doctor. They couldn't finish on time, despite the effort they made. No pudieron terminar a tiempo, a pesar del esfuerzo que hicieron .

down (dun) - por, hacia abajo

I was walking down the street when I saw the accident. Estaba caminando por la calle cuando v el accidente. He rolled down the hill and broke one leg. Rod colina abajo y se rompi una pierna. We saw a dead cow floating down the river. Vimos una vaca muerta flotando ro abajo. Tears started rolling down her cheeks. Las lgrimas comenzaron a rodar por sus mejillas.

due to (di tchu) / owing to (uing tchu) - debido a

The president was forced to resign due to his sexual scandals. El presidente fue obligado a renunciar debido a su escndalos sexuales. They had a two-hour delay due to the traffic jam. Tuvieron una demora de dos horas debido al embotellamiento de trnsito. Many roads were closed, owing to the heavy blizzard.
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Muchos caminos fueron cerrados debido a la fuerte tormenta de nieve. The project was cancelled, owing to lack of support. El proyecto fue cancelado debido a la falta de apoyo.

during (diring) - durante

Many innocent people were killed during the war. Muchas personas inocentes fueron muertas durante la guerra. Those trees blossom during the spring. Esos rboles florecen durante la primavera. I decided to study by night and sleep during the day. Decid estudiar de noche y domir durante el da. The people yawned during the politician's speech. La gente bostez durante el discurso del poltico.

except / except for (egspt) - excepto, fuera de, excepto por

They all understood the explanation except Bill. Todos entendieron la explicacin, excepto Bill. The store will be open every day except Sunday. La tienda estar abierta todos los das excepto el domingo. I have no news from her, except for the postcard she sent me. No tengo noticias de ella, excepto por la postal que me envi. Except for her lack of patience, she is a good teacher. Excepto por su falta de paciencia, ella es una buena maestra.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: for, from, in, inside, in front of, instead of, into, like, minus, near.

for (for) - para, por, durante from (from) - de, desde in (in) - en, dentro, dentro de inside (nsid) - adentro de, dentro de, en in front of (in frant ov) - delante de, al frente de, enfrente de instead of (instd ov) - en lugar de, en vez de into (ntchu) - en, a, dentro, hacia el interior de like (lik) - semejante a, como minus (minos) - menos, sin near (nar) - cerca de
for (for) - para, por, durante

She bought presents for all her grandchildren. Ella compr regalos para todos sus nietos. My cousin left for London two hours ago. Mi primo sali para Londres hace dos horas. I have worked for this company for many years. He trabajado para esta compaa durante muchos aos. That scientist was famous for his intelligence.

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Ese cientfico era famoso por su inteligencia.

from (from) - de, desde

These products are imported from Italy. Estos productos son importados de Italia. I took a bus from Miami to Chicago. Tom un autobs desde Miami a Chicago. She works from 9 to 5 every day. Ella trabaja de 9 a 5 todos los das. They died from the effects of a poisonous gas. Ellos murieron debido a los efectos de un gas venenoso.

in (in) - en, dentro, dentro de

They will spend their honeymoon in Miami. Ellos pasarn su luna de miel en Miami. Our holidays start in May. Nuestras vacaciones comienzan en mayo. What do you have in your mouth? Qu tienes dentro de tu boca? That monument was built in 1993. Ese monumento fue construdo en 1993.

inside (nsid) - adentro de, dentro de, en

The tourists went inside the castle following the guide. Los turistas entraron al castillo siguiendo al gua. She was very hungry so she looked inside the refrigerator. Ella estaba muy hambrienta entonces mir adentro de la heladera. The children were playing inside the house. Los chicos estaban jugando dentro de la casa. I think there is a gift for you inside the box. Creo que hay un regalo para ti dentro de la caja.

in front of (in frant ov) - delante de, al frente de, enfrente de

You are not allowed to park your car in front of the hospital. No se te permite estacionar tu auto enfrente del hospital. She hit her brother right in front of her mother. Ella golpe a su hermano justo enfrente de su madre. There was a tall man standing in front of me. Haba un hombre alto parado en frente mo. Just sit in front of the TV and don't move. Slo sintate enfrente de la TV y no te muevas.

instead of (instd ov) - en lugar de, en vez de

He bought a computer instead of a television set. El compr un una computadora en lugar de un televisor. I will give the speech instead of her. Yo dar el discurso en lugar de ella. The bottle was full of water instead of whisky.

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La botella estaba llena de agua en vez de whisky. They went to California instead of Florida. Fueron a California en lugar de Florida.

into (ntchu) - en, a, dentro, hacia el interior de

Don't get into trouble again. No te metas en problemas de nuevo. She came into the room and sat by my side Ella entr al cuarto y se sent a mi lado. Bill jumped off the bridge into the river. Bill salt desde el puente al ro. Jack threw his clothes into the closet and turned on the TV. Jack arroj sus ropas dentro del ropero y encendi el televisor.

like (lik) - semejante a, como

He spoke like a leader conducting an army. El hablaba como un lder comandando a un ejrcito. He acted like a child when he was angry. Actuaba como un nio cuando estaba enojado. Nobody loves you like he does. Nadie te ama como l. He was good at several sports, like tennis. El era bueno para varios deportes, como el tnis.

minus (minos) - menos, sin

Twenty minus five equals fifteen. Veinte menos cinco es igual a quince. The temperature was minus ten degrees this morning. La temperatura era de diez grados bajo cero esta maana. All soldiers returned to base minus John who was killed. Todos los soldados regresaron a la base menos John quien fue muerto. You have to pay $100 minus the $30 you already paid. Tienes que pagar $100 menos los $30 que ya pagaste.

near (nar) - cerca de

Our anniversary is near Christmas. Nuestro aniversario es cerca de Navidad. Is there any restaurant near here? Hay algn restaurante cerca de aqu? It is terrible to live near an airport. Es horrible vivir cerca de un aeropuerto. There is a pay phone near that monument. Hay un telfono pblico cerca de ese monumento.

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List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: next to, of, off, on, upon, onto, on top of, opposite, out of, outside.

next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a of (ov) - de off (of) - de, fuera de on / upon (on / apn) - sobre, en, encima de onto (ntchu) - sobre on top of (on tp ov) - sobre, encima de, en la cima de opposite (posit) - enfrente de, frente a out of (urov) - de, sin, fuera de outside (utsid) - fuera de, afuera de next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a

The bank is next to a police station. El banco est al lado de una comisara. Who is sitting next to Bill? Quin est sentado junto a Bill? Can I sit next to the window? Me puedo sentar junto a la ventana? This table goes next to that window. Esta mesa va al lado de esa ventana.

of (ov) - de

The cabin is made of wood. La cabaa est hecha de madera. Jack is doing a research about the life of insects. Jack est haciendo una investigacin sobre la vida de los insectos . She was a woman of extraordinary intelligence. Era una mujer de una inteligencia extraordinaria. Would you like another cup of wine? Le gustara otra copa de vino?

off (of) - de, fuera de

I took a book off the shelf. Saqu un libro del estante. The island is three miles off the coast. La isla est a tres millas de la costa. Billy fell off his bicycle and broke a leg. Billy se cay de su bicicleta y se rompi una pierna. Keep off the grass! No pises el csped!

on (on) / upon (apn) - sobre, en, encima de

We saw a spider on the wall.

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Vimos una araa en la pared. The children left their toys on the table. Los nios dejaron sus juguetes sobre la mesa. She leaned her head upon his shoulder and started crying. Ella apoy su cabeza sobre su hombro y empez a llorar. I bought a book on economics. Compr un libro sobre economa.

onto (ntchu) - sobre

The actor walked onto the stage and danced. El actor se subi al escenario y bail. He placed the book onto the table and began reading. El puso el libro sobre la mesa y comenz a leer. The cat jumped onto the chair to get its food. El gato salt a la silla para conseguir su comida. They want to load all their furniture onto a truck. Ellos quieren cargar todos sus muebles sobre un camin.

on top of (on tp ov) - sobre, encima de, en la cima de

He thought he was on top of the world. El pensaba que estaba en la cima del mundo. Mary didn't notice the new webcam on top of her computer. Mary no not la nueva webcam sobre su computadora. He finally found his watch on top of a pile of books. El finalmente encontr su reloj sobre una pila de libros. There was a black cat lying on top of the fridge. Haba un gato negro acostado encima de la heladera.

opposite (posit) - enfrente de, frente a

They sat opposite each other and started arguing. Se sentaron uno frente al otro y comenzaron a discutir. My house is opposite the church. Mi casa est en frente de la iglesia. (cruzando la calle) I don't want her to be sitting opposite me. No quiero que ella est sentada en frente de m. The view opposite our hotel was fantastic. La vista frente a nuestro hotel era fantstica.

out of (urov) - de, sin, fuera de

We saw that fish when it jumped out of the water. Vimos ese pez cuando salt fuera del agua. We have to pay the rent, but we are out of money. Tenemos que pagar el alquiler, pero estamos sin dinero. Only two out of five students passed their exams. Slo dos de cada cinco estudiantes aprobaron sus exmenes. The conflict arose out of racial and ethnic tensions. El conflicto surgi motivado por tensiones raciales y tnicas.

outside (utsid) - fuera de, afuera de

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The demonstrators were shouting outside the building. Los manifestantes estaban gritando fuera del edificio. Jack hopes to be outside the prison soon. Jack espera estar fuera de la crcel pronto. My family lives just outside Rome. Mi familia vive en las afueras de Roma. I'll meet you outside the theater at eight o'clock. Te encontrar fuera del teatro a las ocho.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: over, past, per, plus, regardless of, since, through, throughout, to.

over (uver) - encima de, por encima de, sobre, ms de past (past) - al lado de, adelante de, por enfrente, pasando por per (per) - por plus (plas) - ms regardless of (rigrdles ov) - a pesar de, sin importar since (sins) - desde through (zr) - a travs de, por throughout (zru-ut) - por todo, en todo, a lo largo de, durante todo to (tchu) - a, hacia

The plane was flying very low over the city. El avin estaba volando muy bajo sobre la ciudad. The dog jumped over the fence and ran away. El perro salt por encima de la cerca y huy. She must be over 30 years old. Ella debe tener ms de 30 aos de edad. They have built a bridge over the river. Han construdo un puente sobre el ro.

past (past) - al lado de, adelante de, por enfrente, pasando por

A blue car drove past the gate. Un auto azul pas por delante del portn. The soldiers marched past the monument. Los soldados marcharon por delante del monumento. They walked past us without speaking. Ellos pasaron por delante de nosotros sin hablar. It was past midnight when they arrived. Era pasada la medianoche cuando llegaron.

per (per) - por

He had been travelling at over 120 miles per hour. El haba estado viajando a ms de 120 millas por hora.
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Mary is smoking over 55 cigarettes per day. Mara est fumando ms de 55 cigarrillos por da. The average number of working hours per week is 40. El nmero promedio de horas de trabajo por semana es de 40. The consumption of alcohol per person per year was 12 liters. El consumo de alcohol por persona por ao era de 12 litros.

plus (plas) - ms

Four plus three equals seven. Cuatro ms tres es igual a siete. The rent will be $350, plus utilities. El alquiler ser de $350, ms servicios. He gets a good salary plus company stocks. El gana un buen sueldo ms acciones de la compaia. You have to pay $55 plus 10 per cent tax. Tienes que pagar $55 ms 10 por ciento de impuestos.

regardless of (rigrdlis ov) - a pesar de, sin importar

Shipping is free regardless of the destination. El envo es gratis sin importar el destino. They decided to finish the project, regardless of the cost. Decidieron terminar el proyecto, sin que importe el costo. Everyone can participate, regardless of the age. Todos pueden participar, sin importar la edad. A patriot defends his nation, regardless of the consequences. Un patriota defiende a su nacin, sin importar las consecuencias.

since (sins) - desde

They have been working since this morning. Han estado trabajando desde esta maana. She has been sick since Monday. Ella ha estado enferma desde el lunes. The population has increased a lot since the last census. La poblacin ha aumentado un montn desde el ltimo censo. It has been raining since yesterday. Ha estado lloviendo desde ayer.

through (zr) - a travs de, por

I was able to see a house through the fog. Pude ver una casa a travs de la neblina. The dogs ran through the forest chasing the rabbit. Los perros corrieron a travs del bosque persiguiendo al conejo. I learned about his divorce through the newspaper. Me enter de su divorcio por medio del diario. The tunnel runs through the mountain. El tnel pasa a travs de la montaa.

throughout (zru-ut) - por todo, en todo, a lo largo de, durante todo

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The epidemic spread throughout the region in just one week. La epidemia se esparci por toda la regin en slo una semana. That company has branches throughout the world. Esa compaa tiene sucursales por todo el mundo. It was very cold and it snowed throughout the night. Haca mucho fro y nev durante toda la noche. The music could be heard throughout the building. La msica se poda or a travs de todo el edificio.

to (tchu) - a, hacia

The spaceship is going to fly to the moon in two weeks. La nave espacial va a volar a la luna en dos semanas. She sent invitations to all her friends. Ella envi invitaciones a todos sus amigos. He got into the car and drove straight to the university. Entr al auto y condujo directo a la universidad. It's a quarter to three. Falta un cuarto para las tres.

List of Prepositions
Preposiciones inglesas con ejemplos: towards, under, underneath, beneath, unlike, until, till, up, up to, via.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

toward/s (tuard/s) - hacia, en direccin de under (nder) - bajo, debajo de, por debajo de underneath / beneath (anderniz / biniz) - debajo de, por debajo de unlike (anlik) - a diferencia de until / till (antl / til) - hasta up (p) - por, en lo alto de, arriba de up to (p tchu) - hasta via (via / va) - por, a travs de, va

toward/s (tuard/s) - hacia, en direccin de

Billy started to run toward his mother as he saw her. Billy comenz a correr hacia su madre cuando la vi. The tornado was moving rapidly toward the city. El tornado estaba movindose rpidamente hacia la ciudad. Winds carry the pollution towards the sea. Los vientos llevan la contaminacin hacia el mar. They are going to arrive here towards evening. Ellos van a llegar aqu hacia la noche.

under (nder) - bajo, debajo de, por debajo de

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I have a shirt under my sweater. Tengo una camisa debajo de mi suter. Somebody left a frog under her bed Alguien dej una rana debajo de su cama. Everything was under control at that moment. Todo estaba bajo control en ese momento. The little girl threw her doll under the table. La nia arroj su mueca debajo de la mesa.

underneath (anderniz) / beneath (biniz) - debajo de, por debajo de

There is rust underneath the paint. Hay xido debajo de la pintura. The coyote tried to pass underneath the fence. El coyote trat de pasar por debajo de la cerca. The letter was found underneath the carpet. La carta fue encontrada debajo de la alfombra. Jimmy hid all his toys beneath his bed. Jimmy escondi todos sus juguetes debajo de su cama.

unlike (anlik) - a diferencia de

Unlike most children, Billy doesn't like to play outside. A diferencia de la mayora de los nios, a Billy no le gusta jugar fuera. Unlike his previous novels, this one was a success. A diferencia de sus novelas anteriores, sta fue un xito. Planes, unlike helicopters, can fly at supersonic speeds Los aviones, a diferencia de los helicpteros, pueden volar a velocidades supersnicas. Unlike most Argentines, I don't like soccer. A diferencia de la mayora de los argentinos, no me gusta el ftbol.

until / till (antl / til) hasta

The results will not be announced until Thursday Los resultados no sern anunciados hasta el jueves. Why don't you stay until tomorrow? Porqu no te quedas hasta maana? The letter will not be sent until Friday. La carta no ser enviada hasta el viernes. Can you work today till nine? Puedes trabajar hoy hasta las nueve?

up (p) - por, en lo alto de, arriba de

That tribe lives up the mountain. Esa tribu vive en lo alto de la montaa. I saw a spider crawl up the wall in my bedroom. V una araa subir por la pared de mi habirtacin. The skiers walked up the mountain to the cabin. Los esquiadores subieron la montaa hasta la cabaa. You will see a little house two miles up the river. Vers una casita a dos millas ro arriba.
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up to (p tchu) - hasta

Up to yesterday, we hadn't started our new work. Hasta ayer no habamos empezado nuestro nuevo trabajo. Those planes carry up to 114 passengers. Esos aviones llevan hasta 114 pasajeros. At that time I studied up to 80 pages of text per day. En ese tiempo estudiaba hasta 80 pginas de texto por da. The murderer could face up to 25 years in prison. El asesino podra afrontar hasta 25 aos en prisin.

via (via / va) - por, a travs de, va

Please, send me the report via e-mail. Por favor, envame el informe por e-mail. The virus is not transmitted via physical contact. El virus no se transmite mediante contacto fsico. The data will be transmitted via satellite Los datos sern transmitidos va satlite. His house is watched via videocams. Su casa es vigilada por videocmaras.

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