Touchstone Level 3

Past perfect
The past perfect is used to talk about things that happened before an event in the past. First event: I cooked dinner. Second event: My roommate got home from school. I had (already) cooked dinner when my roommate got home from school. The past perfect is often used to give explanations or reasons why things happened. What happened: I failed the test. Reason / explanation: I never studied for the test. I failed the test because I hadnt studied. The patterns for past perfect are: Affirmative statements Subject + had / d + past participle I had cooked dinner . . . Id cooked dinner . . . Negative statements Subject + had not / hadnt + past participle I hadnt studied. Short answers Affirmative Yes, + subject + had. Yes, they had. Negative No, + subject + hadnt. No, they hadnt. Time expressions just / already / adverbs of frequency Time expressions go between had and the past participle. We had just turned on the TV when the power went out. My parents had never taken a cruise before.

Unit 6 Worksheet

1. Complete the sentences with the past perfect. You can use contractions where possible.
1. We d / had already left (already leave) for school when you called. 2. The teacher was pleased because all the students ___________ (do) their assignments. 3. The phone ____________ (rang) several times before someone answered it. 4. Where _____ he ______ (put) those car keys? He just couldnt remember. 5. She _________________ (not save) enough money to go on the trip. 6. ____ he_________ (know) Marisa long when he proposed to her? 7. Im sorry your friends were late. What time ____ you _________ (plan) to meet them? 8. There wasnt enough food for all the guests. She _______________ (not plan) very well.

Cambridge University Press, 2012

Touchstone Level 3

Unit 6 Worksheet

2. Complete the conversations with the words in parenthesis and either the simple past or the
past perfect. You can use contractions where possible. Conversation 1 Paula I ________ (have) dinner with my boyfriends parents last night. Eva _____ you __________ (ever meet) them before then? Paula No. It _______ (be) the first time, but I ___________ (already hear) a lot about them. Conversation 2 Mother Youre home early! How ______ (be) the game? ______ you _______ (win)? Daughter I ________ (not play). The bus to the arena ___________ (already leave). Mother Oh, thats a shame, but I ________ (tell) you to hurry! Conversation 3 Emily ____ you and your son _____ (have) a good flight? Gary Well, Andrew ___________ (never fly) before, so he ____ (feel) nervous during takeoff. Emily How about the rest of the flight? Gary No problems, really. There _____ (be) a little turbulence , but luckily Andrew _____________________ (already fall asleep). Conversation 4 Bill Hey! Wheres your new car? Mark I __________ (not get) it. Im really disappointed. Bill Why? What ______________ (happen)? Mark He ________________ (already sell) it to someone else. When I ___________ (walk) in the door, he _________________ (just completed) the sale.

3. Complete the answers with the past perfect and the words in parentheses.
You can use contractions where possible. 1. Why didnt your brother ride his bike to school this morning? He didnt ride it because hed / he had lent it to a friend. (lend) 2. Why did you stay home last night? I stayed home because _______________ my homework yet. (not do) 3. Were you happy to see your old classmates? Yes, I was because ___________________ them since we graduated. (not see) 4. Did you and your husband watch that great movie on TV last night? No, _________________________________ it. (already see) 5. What did you make the kids for dinner last night when you babysat? Nothing. _______________________ before I got there. (just eat) 6. Does your aunt from America always eat that much? Well, ___________________ real gazpacho before, and she loved it! (never have)

Cambridge University Press, 2012