Infrastructure Development in Hong Kong

Past, Present and Future

J S Kuang Professor of Structural Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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Building Development

Vernacular urban architecture in Hong Kong, Canton (Guangzhou) and Shanghai

Indigenous architecture in the New Territories

Stone structures
Stone tower

Stepped Stone Structure at a particular archaeological site of Jerusalem (1000-900 BC) 9001000

Piazza San Pietro Vatican City (built in 1630s)

1630

Castle (masonry)

The old western-style buildings

Governors House

Legislative Council

Central Police Station

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Western City in Sheung Wan

Modern high-rise buildings

Victoria Harbour

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Reinforced concrete

Steel

Composite

Jardine House the first tall building in Hong Kong

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Central Plaza the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world

Standard floor

Standard floor

Ground floor

Ground floor
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HSBC Headquarters in Hong Kong

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Bank of China, Hong Kong

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Exchange Square

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Lippo Centre

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Cheung Kong Center

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Two International Finance Centre (IFC II)

Height: 416 metres Storeys: 88 Structural system: RC-steel composite Construction completed: 2003 4th tallest building in the world after Burj Khalifa, Taipei 101, Shanghai World Financial Center, ICC, and Willis Tower

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ICC (International Commerce Centre)

Height: 484 metres Storeys: 118 Structural system: RC-steel composite Construction began/to be completed: 2003/2010 4th tallest building in the world after Burj Khalifa, Taipei 101, and Shanghai World Financial Center
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Burj Khalifa (formerly known as Burj Dubai ) The tallest man-made structure Location: Dubai Height: 828 m Storeys: 200 Construction began/completed: 21 Sept 2004 / 1 Oct 2009 Open: 4 Jan 2010 Primary structural system: Reinforced concrete 333,000 m3 concrete 55,000 tons of steel bar

Burj Khalifa (Jan 2010)

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Common structural types of tall buildings

Frame structures Rigid frames Braced frames Infilled frames

Shear wall structures Shear wall frame structures (wall-frame structures) Frame tubes Outrigger braced systems

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Frame structures

Rigid frame

Braced frame

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Shear wall structures

Shear-wall structure

Coupled-shear walls
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Wall-frame structures

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Frame tubes

Frame tube

Tube-in-tube
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Outrigger-braced structures

(b) (c)

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Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre

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High-rise public housing

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construction with complicated floor plan

Transfer storey
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Jockey Club (Sha Tin)

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Residential buildings

Beijing Olympic Projects

Bird Nest (National Gymnasium)

Architect: Herzog & de Meuron Structural engineer: Ove Arup

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Beijing Olympic Projects (contd)

Water Cube (National Swimming Centre)

Architect: PTW Sydney Structural engineer: Ove Arup

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Airport

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Hong Kong Airport

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The Runway

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Terminal Building (Departure)

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Long-Span Bridges

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1. Tsing Ma Bridge

The world's longest span suspension bridge (1377-m main span) carrying both road and railway traffic.

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Cable strands being tied onto the gravity anchor

Construction cable
Cable spinning

cable ascending from cable chamber wrapping cable

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Bridge deck

Fabrication of deck unit in Dongguan, China

Transportation of a completed unit down the Pearl River by barge to site

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The lifting arrangement as viewed from the bridge tower.

Lifting of the last unit on 28 Mar 1996

2. Kap Shui Mun Bridge (430-m main span cable-stayed bridge)

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Construction

Lifting of final deck unit on 18 March 1996

Lifting of deck unit

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3. Ting Kau Bridge (1177-m long cable-stayed bridge)

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Cable system

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Erection of Ting Kau Bridge Deck in Progress

4. Stonecutter bridge (main span: 1018 m)

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Railway Development

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Embracing Future Challenges

Good technical and management backgrounds Good communication skills Strong leadership Ability to embrace challenges
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HKUST Civil & Environmental Engineering

QS World University Ranking 2011/12: HKUST Figures: No.22 for Engineering and Technology No.40 for Universities