Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2.INTRODUCTION
There are 23 stock exchanges in the India. Mumbai's (earlier known as Bombay), Bombay Stock Exchange is the largest, with over 6,000 stocks listed. The BSE accounts for over two thirds of the total trading volume in the country. Established in 1875, the exchange is also the oldest in Asia. Among the twenty-two Stock Exchanges recognized by the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, it was the first one to be recognized and it is the only one that had the privilege of getting permanent recognition ab-initio.
16.Jaipur stock exchange 17.Ludhina stock exchange 18.Mangalore stock exchange 19.Pune stock exchange 20.saurashtrakutch stock exchange
19.NTPC 20.ONGC 21.RANBAXY 22.RELIANCE COMMUNICATION 23.RELIANCE ENERGY 24.RIL 25.SATYAM 26.SBI 27.TCS 28.TATA MOTERS 29.TATA STEEL 30.WIPRO
5.NSE
The National Stock Exchange (NSE), located in Bombay, is India's first debt market. It was set up in 1993 to encourage stock exchange reform through system modernization and competition. It opened for trading in mid-1994. It was recently accorded recognition as a stock exchange by the Department of Company Affairs. The instruments traded are, treasury bills, government security and bonds issued by public sector companies The Organisation: The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FIs) to provide access to investors from all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company unlike other stock exchanges in the country NSE Group: 1. India Index Services & Products Ltd. (IISL) 2. National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd. (NSCCL) 3. NSE.IT Ltd. 4. National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL) 5. DotEx International Limited
6.SPECULATION:Definition: it involves the buying, holding, selling, short-term selling of stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, collectibles or any valuable financial instrument to profit from fluctuations in its price as opposed to buying it for use or for income via method like dividends or interest.
Kinds of speculation
Bull Market (Tejiwala): In case of that they purchase the shares at current prices to sell at a higher price in the near future and makes a profit if his expectations come true. He is also called a long buyer. Bear Market (Mandiwala) : He sells security in the hope that he will be able to buy them back at lesser price. It is also called short selling. Lame duck: When a bear has made contracts to sell securities, find it difficult to meet his commitment due to non-availability of security, they always struggling.. Stag : He is that type of speculator who applies for a large number of a shares in a new issue with the intention of selling them at a premium. He is bullish and very cautious
8.ROLE PLAYER
EXTERNAL:---1.SHAREHOLDER 2.DEBENTURE HOLDER
(1.)SHAREHOLDER
Shareholders are divided into two parts 1.Preference shareholder: Preference shareholder are those which have preferential right to the payment of dividend during the life time of the company, and a preferential right to the return of the capital when the company is wound up. CHARACTERISTICS OF PREFERENCE SHAREHOLDER 1. The dividend on them is fixed by the articles of the company. 2. They get their fixed rate of dividend before any dividend is distributed among the other class of shareholders. 3. At the time of winding up of the company, the preference shareholder must be paid back their capital before anything is paid to the ordinary shareholders. KINDS OF PREFERENCE SHAREHOLDER 1. Comulative shareholder: These shares are entitled to fixed dividends whether there are profits or loss. If profits are not sufficient to pay in a particular year then that will pay on next year. 2. Non comulative pref.share: These shares cannot claim arrears of dividends of any year (if not paid due to insufficiency of profits) out of profits of subsequent year. 3.Participating pref. Shares: These shares receives a fixed rate of dividend in priority to ordinary shares and further, the right to participate in balance of profits in an agreed proportion together with ordinary shares. 4. Redeemable pref.shares: These are shares which can be purchased back by the company. The company reserves its rights to call back or purchased these shares at any time. 2. EQUITY SHARES: All shares which are not preference shares are equity shares. These shares do not have a fixed rate of dividend, they are always irredeemable and their holders have normal voting rights. They are also the owners of the company. They take dividend
(2)DEBENTURES:
A document under the company seal which provides for the payment of a principal sum and interest there on at regular intervals which is usually secured by a fixed or floating charge on the companys property or undertaking which acknowledges a loan to the company.
INTERNAL PLAYERS:- The members of the stock exchange can be divided into two parts: A. Broker: He is a commission agent who transacts business in securities on behalf of non-members. They may have number of sub-brokers to canvass and secure business for them. B.Jobber: He is an independent dealer securities. He purchase and sells securities in his own name. He is not allowed to deal with non-members directly. He works for profit.
9.Tarawaniwala
Non-members: The following categories of non members are also permitted to enter trading hall and transact business on the behalf of members. Authorized clerks: They are the assistant or agents. They buy or sell on the behalf of employers. They cannot transact business on their own account. Remises: They are the sub-brokers. He is also called the half commission men.
11.SEBI
It was constituted and made a statutory body by SEBI act 1992.With the coming into effect of SEBI, some of the powers and function exercised by the central government, in respect of regulation of stock exchanges were transferred to the SEBI. OBJECTIVES OF SEBI 1. Registring and regulating the working of stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, underwriters.who may be associated securities market in any manner. 2. Registering and regulating the working of collective investment scheme including mutual funds. 3. Prohibiting insider trading in securities. 4. Regulating substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers of companies. 5. Calling for information from, undertaking inspection, conducting inquiries and audits of stock exchanges and intermediaries and self regulatory organizations in the securities market. 6. Performing such function and exercising such powers under the provisins of the capital issues(control) act 1947 and SCRA 1956,as may be delegated to it by the central government. 7. Performing such other functions as may be prescribed.
10
13.MODESS OF REPURCHASE
BASICALLY THERE ARE TWO MODES OF REPURCHASE: 1. Open market repurchase: company makes an announcement regarding the repurchase of a specified number of shares. The purchases are made anonymously through a broker from the secondary market over a specified period of time. 2.tender offers: this is basically two types A Fixed price tender offers: company announces a fixed price at which it is willing to buy its shares, a maximum number of shares that it will commit to buy and an expiration date for the offer. The offer price is premium over the market price to encourage the shareholder. Dutch auction tender offers: In a Dutch auction, the company announces the maximum number of shares it wishes to buy and a range of prices at which it will entertain offers. Shareholders who choose to participate must then select a single price in this range at which to tender their shares. RULES FOR REPURCHASE UNDER SEBI ACT 1988 1.Regulations cover only the listed securities of the company 2. In case of purchase through the stock exchange an offer for buy back will not remain open for more than 30 days. 3. Buy back through negotiated deals, spot transactions or private arrangements is not permitted. 4. In the purchases made through stock exchange, the details under the buyback scheme shall be made available to the stock exchange on daily basis: the details in turn shall be made available to public regularly.
11
15.CONCLUSION
THE STOCK EXCHANGE IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE BAROMETER OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY.
12