The two aspects of our environment most invoked when we talk about keeping the environment clean are

liter and water pollution. We will discuss both in this article. Litter is ugly and it can harm people and wildlife. Picking up litter can be costly for cities and highway departments. Dog fouling in public places (another form of litter) is a serious health risk, particularly for young children. Cigarette butts are another unpleasant form of litter. They may seem small, but with several trillion butts littered every year they are the number one source of litter in this county. For more, go to www.cigarettelitter.org . Cigarette butts make up a large part of much urban litter and they can take up to 12 years to break down. So how do we keep litter off our public places and keep the environment clean? The answer is, of course, firstly educate the public to take their litter home, and when they do not, it is necessary to ensure that efficient street cleaning is provided. Street cleaning is controlled by the Department of Public Works in all towns and cities and is usually removed by appointed contractors or the Councils own direct labor force. When it works well you will usually find that the local businesses take an active interest in assisting in streamlining the process with also making further regular consultation with the community. Street cleaning is often, but not always, carried out for extended hours, and these hours may range from 8 am until 12 or 2 pm in our big cities. Street cleaning is an absolute necessity in all modern well run cities. Street cleansing is a manual task and labor is a significant cost. Satisfaction with the cleanliness of streets and commercial areas has improved in the UK since privatization. One reason likely for this is that previously the Councils staff had to be the policemen ensuring the efficiency of their own work. Human nature is such that to be on both sides of such a role seldom works efficiently. Street cleansing is only a part of city housekeeping which in this article is just a part of how to keep the environment clean. The council (municipal) health department\'s business is to see that all the people have pure air, pure water, pure food, and are protected from contagious diseases. Street cleaning is an important element of city housekeeping and is provided more and more by highly mechanized equipment such as through the use of

street sweepers and flushers. Most streets are scheduled for cleaning at least five times per year, and paved alleys are cleaned once. Street cleaning must always be strictly enforced, and react to events when litter will build up more quickly, but without clean water in the rivers and streams throughout the city the municipal authorities could hardly be said to be keeping the environment clean. River Pollution The avoidance of river pollution is if anything more essential than street cleansing, especially where the poorer population must rely on the river water for domestic and even drinking water use. If asked how to keep the environment clean from river pollution we would have to say by collecting all sewage and treating it before allowing it to discharge back into the river downstream. River pollution is the most devastative phenomena to health in the poor and developing. Pollution is occurring when the water shows an alteration of physical and chemical parameters such as odor, taste, colour, turbidity. If polluted water is tested in a water quality analysis laboratory there are a number of tell-tale changes you will notice. These are exemplified by changes in total hardness, pH, chlorides etc. Expect to see BOD, and COD in increased quantities as well, among others. River pollution is a serious problem. In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the issues involved but, at the same time, continued urbanization and industrialization and the continued growth of population produce ever-increasing amounts of waste for disposal. Dangerously, River pollution is concentrated around urban areas. River Pollution is a major environmental problem today, but we dont seem to be making as much progress as we should. Perhaps the reason is ideological? Where sewage treatment plants have been installed the levels of indicator bacteria and nitrogen in the discharge should be tracked to measure management performance. If a failure in discharge quality occurs the municipal authorities must act to determine changes needed in monitoring protocol to avoid any further occurrences. It is important to also report progress and recommendations to inform planning and management decisionmakers. Levels of any pollutant can be measured by water quality testing methods, and once the analysis has been provided it is always important to check the data carefully against the legal standards. For example, the State of Florida sets the safe health standard for bacteria as less than 1000 fecal coliform bacteria per 100 milliliters.

The most common sources of pollution are domestic water discharges from the houses in the catchment area, and uncontrolled dumps of solid domestic wastes along tributary banks and in dry ravines. Industrial discharge can be a major cause of pollution. Each industrial discharge usually contains chemicals and organic compounds which can enter the bodies of many aquatic animals. Even ground water can be polluted from the soakage pits, septic tanks, manure, garbage, etc. and that eventually discharges to the rivers still worsening the problem. Industrial pollutants from smaller units continue to be a problem. While most of the large and medium industrial units have put up treatment plants and are using them. 40 per cent of the industrial waste seen in one example a whopping 4000 mld - is from small scale industries in cities and residential colonies.

With the ever increasing use of technology and industries flourishing the amount of pollution in our environment is increasing at a rapid pace. Keeping our environment clean is a very important part of our lives in these days. It is important to focus on this as we have to make sure that the environment is preserved for future generations. Water pollution and litter are considered to be two of the main cause of the environment being dirty. In order to clean the environment there are 5 steps that we can follow: The 3Rs are considered to be the most important and easiest way to keep our environment clean and refrain it from pollution. Reduce, recycle and reuse are the famous 3 Rs that can keep our environment clean. By reducing the usage of harmful materials, and recycling items such as paper and glass and at the same time reusing goods that can be reused will reduce the pollution levels in the air and keep the environment clean. Planting more trees increase the oxygen level in the atmosphere. This way there is an increase in the total oxygen level thus resulting in cleaner air to breathe and keeping environment clean. Many people tend to litter. This is a bad habit as littering causes a rapid increase in pollution levels. Instead of throwing garbage on the roads, there should be recycling bins on every corner of the road so that people do not litter. This will help in keeping the environment clean. Cigarettes are another harmful item that increases the air pollution as well as the well known health benefits. By using eco friendly and biodegradable cleaning items the environment will be a better and cleaner place for humans to live in and by the continuous use of these products the environment will improve for future generation.

GLOBAL WARMING
A very good afternoon to my beloved teacher, Miss Chang and my fellow friends. Today, on this radiant day, I would like to talk about global warming The health issues of global warming are causing the human population rate to decrease over time. The health issues are caused by infectious microbes, pollution by chemical and biological wastes. Many of these diseases will cause illnesses or even death in the future. In fact, many scientists and doctors have discovered these diseases will cause human population to decrease by deaths as they are transferred from one person to the next either physical, eating animals contaminated, mosquitoes, or even blood transfusions though needles. Global warming has been discovered to be very dangerous to human health and is causing many deaths around the world. These tragic experiences in other countries are causing the health hazards to become more aware to humans. Global warming is affecting the health issues in todays generation as well as the futures generation. Global warming causes many different health issues to the human body.
Global warming melts the ice peaks which increase the level of sea. Of greater

concern is the potential for sea level rise due to thermal expansion of the oceans. Put simply, if the oceans get warmer, they expand, and there's nowhere for them to go but up! To try to put some numbers on this, if all the ice melted, sea levels would rise by around 70m, with an even greater rise due to thermal expansion. This would take 100's of years though, and clearly, would require a great deal of warming.

Increase in sea level greatly disturbs the marine life . Precipitation patterns changes turning lush green areas to dry lands Increase in sea level also results floods in low-lying areas and hence loss of life and property in large numbers Cause change sin weather patterns creating storms, super storms and hurricanes to appear. Global warming also gives rise to many types of allergies, asthma The continuous drying of forest leads them on fire which destroys natural resources greatly.

New Initiatives on Global Warming Global warming and climate change will be dealt with more emphatically under the Ninth and Tenth Malaysia Plans, which will feature a chapter on measures to mitigate their effects, the deputy prime minister said. Datuk Seri Najib Razak said initiatives would include stringent regulations on residential projects built in low-lying areas and projects to reduce flooding. Some of the initiatives have already been started, such as placing sand dredging barges in all major rivers in the country to increase their water carrying capacity during heavy rains. Others include requiring developers to take account of an area's vulnerability to flooding before housing projects were built and reviewing the designs of houses, Najib said. The floods in December 2006 and January 2007 had caused RM1 billion in damages. It was reported that sand dredging barges had already been stationed in major rivers such as Sungai Johor and Sungai Pahang to deepen beds and widen the banks all year round. Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Seri Azmi Khalid had also announced that the government was considering reviewing or even cancelling projects that could worsen floods.